• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.548-560
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• 2018

본 연구는 글로벌 리딩 기업의 공급사슬관리(SCM)가 프로젝트 관리자(PM)의 역량과 지속가능 성과공유에 미치는 영향력을 밝히는데 목적을 갖는다. 연구방법은 설문지에 의한 실증조사방법으로 조사 후 통계분석 방법을 통해 수행하였다. 연구대상은 SCM 기업의 PM 426명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구결과는 글로벌 리딩 기업에서의 SCM의 몰입과 비전 및 목표공유가 높을수록 PM의 역량에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳐 PM역량이 촉진되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 신뢰구축과 비전 및 목표공유가 높을수록 지속가능성과 성과공유가 높아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 이들 변수의 유용성을 지지해 주었다. 반면 정보공유와 신뢰구축은 PM의 역량을 높이는데 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타내 기각되었다. 이는 SCM에서 단순구성원의 정보공유나 신뢰구축만으로는 PM의 역량을 높이는데 큰 도움이 되지 않음을 의미한다. 즉, 글로벌 리딩 기업에서의 SCM은 몰입과 비전 및 목표공유가 높을수록 PM의 역량에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳐 PM역량이 촉진되고 또한, 신뢰구축과 비전 및 목표공유가 높을수록 지속가능성과 성과공유가 높아지는 것으로 나타나 이들 변수의 유용성을 지지해 주었다. 반면 정보공유와 신뢰구축은 PM의 역량을 높이는데 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타나 기각돼 이는, SCM에서 단순구성원의 정보공유나 신뢰구축만으로는 PM의 역량을 높이는데 큰 도움이 되지 않음을 의미한다.

• 물과 미래
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2019

Nepal is bestowed with abundant water. With more than 1500 mm average annual rainfall in the country, a vast quantity of underutilized groundwater in the Terai belt, and the water stored in snowcaps in the Himalayas, aquifers in the mountains and glacial lakes, Nepal is potentially in an advantageous position in terms of per capita availability. However, low emphasis in management aspect of water and high emphasis in infrastructural developments related to water resources management has resulted in conversion of water in Nepal from a resource to a burden. The global climate change, reduction in number of rainy days, increase in intensity of rainfall during wet monsoon season, encroachment of river banks for settlement, inadequate release of environmental flows from hydropower plants, and attempt to tame the mighty and high velocity rivers of Nepal have resulted in increasing number of water induced disasters (flood and landslide), rise in conflict between local residents and hydropower developers, higher number of devastating landslides, and in some extreme cases mass migration of residents resulting in climate refugees. There is a ray of hope; the awareness level of the people regarding sustainable use of water resources is increasing, the benefit sharing mechanism is gradually being implemented, the role of interdisciplinary and integrated water resources management is appreciated at a higher level and the level of preparedness against flood and landslides is at a higher degree compared to a couple of decades ago. With the use of renewable energy sources, the possibilities for sustainable and productive use of water are on the rise in Nepal.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.85-101
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• 2017

나고야의정서 또는 ABS의 목적은 생물유전자원의 이용에 따르는 대가를 실현시킴으로써 생물다양성을 유지하는데 있으나 아직까지 구체적으로 실현된 사례가 드물다. 이는 이익공유 방식을 둘러싼 논란과 생물유전자원 보유국과 이용국 또는 이용기업간의 정보 비대칭이 존재하기 때문이다. 본고에서는 주인-대리인 모형을 이용하여 정보 불확실성 하에서의 이익공유 방식을 분석하였다. 고정지출계약과 매출액 기준 로열티 방식 중 후자의 방식이 생물유전자원의 가치증대와 자원보전 측면에 우수한 인센티브 계약인 것으로 나타났다. 이는 향후 나고야의 정서 하에서 로열티 중심으로 상호협정조건 가이드라인이 마련될 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2004

생물다양성협약에서 국가 생물유전자원의 주권을 인정함에 따라 국가별로 생물유전자원의 관리에 대한 법적인 체계를 갖추어야 할 시기가 도래하였다. 생물유전자원의 관리에 있어서 가장 중요한 단계가 접근과 생물자원에서 파생하는 이익공유이다. 제6차 생물다양성협약 당사국 회의에서 채택된 본 지침은 접근과 이익공유과정에서 필수적인 상호합의조건과 사전통보승인제도를 포함하고 있다. 상호합의조건은 원산국과 이용 실체간의 계약 협정이고 사전통보승인제도는 생물자원 접근 전에 승인하는 것과 관련된 생물유전자원 관련 특이 제도이다. 아울러 국가연락기관과 국가책임기관의 책임, 유인조치 등에 관한 내용을 포함하고 있다. 우리나라의 생물유전자원 접근 관련 법률을 분석해 볼 때, 생물유전자원에 대한 이익공유와 특허권 문제가 고려되어 있지 않다. 생물유전자원 접근규제와 체계적인 관리를 위해서 정보 유용화 및 공개, 지적재산권을 조절하는 기관과 기타 이해관계자의 조정을 위한 국가관할기관의 역할이 중요하다. 다만, 이런 국가적 접근규제가 생물다양성관련 연구를 저해하지 않아야 하고 생물다양성협약의 목적인 생물다양성의 보존과 지속 가능한 이용에 위배되어서는 안 될 것이다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.169-180
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• 2003

생물다양성은 유전적, 종적, 생태적 다양성의 총체이며, 작물 품종 개량, 전통의약 및 생명공학의 원재료가 된다. 생물 다양성 협약은 생물 다양성의 감소에 대처하기 위한 국제적 노력의 결실로서, 생물 다양성의 보전, 지속 가능한 이용, 그리고 유전자원의 이용으로 발생하는 이익의 공평한 공유를 목적으로 한다. 생물 다양성 협약은 이런 목적을 이루기 위해서 원산국은 유전자원에 대한 접근을 위한 조건을 조성해야 하며, 이용국은 유전자원으로부터 얻어진 이익을 상호 합의 조건과 사전 통보 승인 제도에 의해 공정하고 공평한 분배를 해야 하는 의무를 부여하고 있다. 이에 따라 각 국은 유전자원 접근 및 이익공유에 관한 법률을 제정하여 국가적으로 규제하려고 노력하고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 개발도상국의 유전자원에 대한 접근 규제뿐만 아니라 선진국의 생물 공학 기술에 대한 접근 규제로 인하여 유전자원 및 생물 다양성 연구에 있어서 어려움이 증가하고 있으며, 국내의 생물 다양성 연구를 발전시키기 위해서는 생물 다양성 보전과 유전자원 이용에 관한 국제동향을 파악하여 능동적으로 대처하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.245-245
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• 2023

This paper examines the extent to which the Mekong River Basin countries have achieved socioeconomic benefits based on regional cooperation through the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Program, focusing on hydropower development and the Mekong Power Grid. This study pays attention to the time period from 2012 to 2022. The benefit sharing approach is employed to evaluate the extent to which hydropower development and the Mekong Power Grid have contributed to the regional energy trade in the GMS program. The GMS program was launched by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in 1992, and the Chinese provinces of Yunnan and Guangxi, Myanmar, Lao PDR, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam have taken an active part in the program. The goals of the GMS program are to achieve poverty alleviation, economic development, and regional cooperation in various sectors, including energy, tourism, and transportation. The GMS Economic Cooperation Program Strategic Framework 2030 (GMS-2030), in 2021, provides a new framework for prosperous and sustainable development in the river basin. In the energy sector, the GMS program has been instrumental in facilitating hydropower development and creating the Mekong Power Grid with the Regional Grid Code (RGC), contributing to economic benefits and promoting regional trade of hydroelectricity. It is argued that the GMS program has enhanced regional cooperation between the riparian countries. Despite such achievements, the GMS program has faced challenges, including the gap of economic development between the riparian countries, socioeconomic and environmental concerns regarding hydropower development between the Upper and Lower Mekong countries, and geopolitical tensions from the US-China rivalry. These challenges should adequately be addressed within the program, which can guarantee the sustainability of the program for the river basin.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2017

Current world population is rapidly ageing and the disabled population is expected to age seriously as well. The concern about the elderly and the disabled is increased largely not just the field of social welfare and service but the housing planning where the physical environment of everyday life is. Recently in Ireland, 'Universal Design Guideline for Homes' is established and proposed in public. It is considered as initial and special national policy for the socially venerable. The purpose of this research is to analyze the User Benefit Characteristics(UBC) of 'Universal Design Guideline for Homes in Ireland' and clearly organize the characteristics for comprehensive communication. The research subjects are 444 guidelines of 'Universal Design Guideline for Homes in Ireland.' The research is conducted by contents analysis technique, and each guideline is analyzed by the 4 main concepts of UBC- 'Behavioral Facilitation(BF)', 'Physiological Maintenance(PhM)', 'Perceptual Maintenance(PM)', 'Social Facilitation(SF).' As results, the User Benefit Characteristic of 'Universal Design Guideline for Homes in Ireland' is ordered by PhM>PM>BF>SF. The design guidelines are supposed to support ageing in place and sustainable living in the existing houses even though people are ageing or being disabled. 'Universal Design Guideline for Homes in Ireland' supports safe behavior and comfort cognition especially in indoor and surrounding outdoor environment. This research is significant for sharing the knowledge and comprehension of decreasing environmental stress of the elderly in specific, and could be utilized for developing new elderly housing in future.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.51-52
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• 2017

"Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture" means any genetic material of plant origin of actual or potential value for food and agriculture. "Genetic material" means any material of plant origin, including reproductive and vegetative propagating material, containing functional units of heredity. (Internal Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, ITPGRFA). The "Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (ABS) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (shortly Nagoya Protocol)" is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity. It provides a transparent legal framework for the effective implementation of one of the three objectives of the CBD: the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. The Nagoya Protocol on ABS was adopted on 29 October 2010 in Nagoya, Japan and entered into force on 12 October 2014, 90 days after the deposit of the fiftieth instrument of ratification. Its objective is the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources, thereby contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The Nagoya Protocol will create greater legal certainty and transparency for both providers and users of genetic resources by; (a) Establishing more predictable conditions for access to genetic resources and (b) Helping to ensure benefit-sharing when genetic resources leave the country providing the genetic resources. By helping to ensure benefit-sharing, the Nagoya Protocol creates incentives to conserve and sustainably use genetic resources, and therefore enhances the contribution of biodiversity to development and human well-being. The Nagoya Protocol's success will require effective implementation at the domestic level. A range of tools and mechanisms provided by the Nagoya Protocol will assist contracting Parties including; (a) Establishing national focal points (NFPs) and competent national authorities (CNAs) to serve as contact points for information, grant access or cooperate on issues of compliance, (b) An Access and Benefit-sharing Clearing-House to share information, such as domestic regulatory ABS requirements or information on NFPs and CNAs, (c) Capacity-building to support key aspects of implementation. Based on a country's self-assessment of national needs and priorities, this can include capacity to develop domestic ABS legislation to implement the Nagoya Protocol, to negotiate MAT and to develop in-country research capability and institutions, (d) Awareness-raising, (e) Technology Transfer, (f) Targeted financial support for capacity-building and development initiatives through the Nagoya Protocol's financial mechanism, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) (Nagoya Protocol). The Rural Development Administration (RDA) leading to conduct management agricultural genetic resources following the 'ACT ON THE PRESERVATION, MANAGEMENT AND USE OF AGRO-FISHERY BIO-RESOURCES' established on 2007. According to $2^{nd}$ clause of Article 14 (Designation, Operation, etc. of Agencies Responsible for Agro-Fishery Bioresources) of the act, the duties endowed are, (a) Matters concerning securing, preservation, management, and use of agro-fishery bioresources; (b) Establishment of an integrated information system for agro-fishery bioresources; (c) Matters concerning medium and long-term preservation of, and research on, agro-fishery bioresources; (d) Matters concerning international cooperation for agro-fishery bioresources and other relevant matters. As the result the RDA manage about 246,000 accessions of plant genetic resources under the national management system at the end of 2016.

• 농촌계획
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2013

In recent years, over 100 trails were created in Korea, and Jeju Olle and Jiri Mt. Doolle trail are the most familiar and successful trails in Korea. The research aimed to find relationship between fair tourism and long distance trails. In the first step, we investigated the concept of fair tourism, and deducted 8 key-words; 1)local participation 2)resource sharing 3)provision of unique social, cultural resources 4)sovereignty of local culture 5)small_scale, low impact, eco-friendly 6)sustainable infrastructure 7)revitalize local community 8)comprehensive accommodation of a diverse tourists. Through the analysis of 3 representative sites of long distance trails, we tried to find out the distinct characteristics of fair tourism of the selected sites with evaluating criteria that was provided by UNEP and related organizations. The finding of the study could contribute to defining concept of fair tourism, and by doing so, attribute in setting up a framework of designing and planning of long distance trail under the concept of fair tourism that diverse parties could co-benefit, including local community, local government and tourists.

• 환경생물
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.403-412
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• 2014

This article chronicles key shifts in intellectual property regimes in the twentieth century as they related to the commercialization of academic research. The institutionalization and growth of scientific research in the research university in the twentieth century and the increasing awareness of its potential to promote technology innovation and economic growth posited an important question of the ownership of knowledge created in the academic setting, where knowledge was traditionally regarded as a common property among academic researchers. This paper shows the ownership of academic knowledge emerged as a key public policy and legal issue in the latter half of the twentieth century for academic researchers and government officials who pursue the commercialization of academic knowledge for private gain and public benefit. The resulting institutionalization of patent management in the research university and shifts in federal patent policy in turn opened a new legal avenue for the establishment of the private ownership of academic knowledge and the expansion of intellectual property rights in academia, especially in the area of biological and biomedical research. Reflecting upon historical shifts in intellectual property regimes in the twentieth century, this paper suggests recent controversies regarding ownership of biological knowledge and profit sharing in developing counties are linked to critical issues pertinent to the welfare of indigenous population, utilization of new natural resources, and sustainable development for humanity.