• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to determine optimal therapeutic dose of antifungal agents for dermatophytes. Forty nine dermatophytes were isolated form dogs and cats showing skin lesions and were tested for their in vitro susceptibility to nystatin, griseofulvin, terbinafine, ketoconazole and fluconazole by broth microdilution test. Terbinafine showed the lowest MIC value among the antifungal agents tested, and MIC values ranged from 0.002 to 0.016 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Fluconazole showed the highest MIC values among the antifungal agents tested, and MIC values ranged from 32 to 512 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. MIC values of nystatin, griseofulvin and ketoconazole ranged from 1.12 to 4.48 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 0.5 to 4.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, and 1.6 to 12.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, resistant to griseofulvin, and that antifungal susceptibility test was needed to determine optimal therapeutic dose of antifungal agents for each dermatophyte.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.48-60
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• 1993

The cause of corrosion failure found in structures or various components operating in severe corrosive environments has been attributed to stress corrosion cracking(SCC)which is resulting from the combined effects of corrosive environments and static tensile stress. Slow strain rate test (SSRT) provides a rapid reliable method to determine SCC susceptibility of metals and alloys for a broad range of application. The chief advantage of SSRT procedures is that it is much more aggressive in producing SCC than conventional constant strain or constant load tests, so that the testing time is considerably reduced. Therefore, in this paper, the combined effects of material properties and strain rate on the tensile ductility and fracture morphology of parents and weldment for SM45C, SCM440 and SM20C steels were examined and discussed in synthetic sea water. The susceptibility of SCC was the most severe under the strain rate of $1.0{\times}10^{-6} sec^{-1}$, and R.O.A. can be used for parent and maximum load for weldment to evaluate the parameter for SCC susceptibility.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.734-741
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• 2009

Recently, strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (VCM) have been clinically isolated. The antibacterial activity of a new drug, linezolid (LZD), in such a strain was evaluated by measuring bacterial metabolic activity. A total of 73 MRSA strains having various susceptibilities to VCM were subjected to a novel and highly sensitive chemiluminescence-based assay. LZD MIC in the tested strains, measured by the microbroth dilution method, was within the range 1-4 mg/l (mostly ${\leq}2$mg/l), except for one LZD-resistant strain (NRS127; MIC=7 mg/l), and showed no correlation with VCM resistance. The chemiluminescence assay demonstrated that bacterial metabolic activity was strongly suppressed with increasing LZD concentration. The chemiluminescence intensity curve had a low baseline activity without tailing in most strains. The present results suggest that LZD has strong antibacterial activity against MRSA strains, and would be effective for treatment of infections that are poorly responsive to VCM. The chemiluminescence assay facilitated sensitive and discriminative susceptibility testing within a relatively short time.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.441-453
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• 2024

Sinkhole subsidence and collapse is a common geohazard often formed in karst areas such as the state of Florida, United States of America. To predict the sinkhole occurrence, we need to understand the formation mechanism of sinkhole and its karst hydrogeology. For this purpose, investigating the factors affecting sinkholes is an essential and important step. The main objectives of the presenting study are (1) the development of a machine learning (ML)-based model, namely C5.0 decision tree (C5.0 DT), for the prediction of sinkhole susceptibility, which accounts for sinkhole/subsidence inventory and sinkhole contributing factors (e.g., geological/hydrogeological) and (2) the construction of a regional-scale sinkhole susceptibility map. The study area is east central Florida (ECF) where a cover-collapse type is commonly reported. The C5.0 DT algorithm was used to account for twelve (12) identified hydrogeological factors. In this study, a total of 1,113 sinkholes in ECF were identified and the dataset was then randomly divided into 70% and 30% subsets for training and testing, respectively. The performance of the sinkhole susceptibility model was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, particularly the area under the curve (AUC). The C5.0 model showed a high prediction accuracy of 83.52%. It is concluded that a decision tree is a promising tool and classifier for spatial prediction of karst sinkholes and subsidence in the ECF area.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate Magnetic Resonance Imaging safety by measuring the translational attraction, torque and susceptibility artifact for Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA) implant at 1.5 T and 3.0 T MRI by standard criteria. In vitro assessment tools were made of acrylic-resin by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F2052-06 and F2119-07 standard. Translational attraction of BAHA implant was measured by the maximum deflection angle at 96 cm position, where the magnetically induced deflection was the greatest. The torque was assessed by the qualitative criteria of evaluating the alignment and rotation pattern, when the BAHA implant was positioned on a line with $45^{\circ}$ intervals inside the circular container in the center of the bore. The susceptibility artifact images were obtained using the hanged test tool, which was filled with $CuSO_4$ solution. And then the artifact size was measured using Susceptibility A rtifact Measurement (SA M) software. In results, the translational attraction was 0 mm at both 1.5 T and 3.0 T and the torque was 0(no torque) at 1.5 T, and +1(mild torque) at 3.0 T. The size of susceptibility artifacts was between 13.20 mm and 38.91 mm. Therefore, The BAHA implant was safe for the patient in clinical MR environment.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.389-398
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• 2020

The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is increasing globally, resulting in high mortality rates. Although CRE is a relatively recent problem in Korea (the first case was not diagnosed until 2010), it is responsible for serious morbidities at an alarming rate. In this study, we carried out a molecular genetic analysis to determine the incidence of CRE and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) at a general hospital in Korea between August 2017 and August 2019. Forty strains of CPE were isolated from various clinical specimens and analyzed via antimicrobial susceptibility testing, polymerase chain reaction to detect β-lactamase genes, deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing, multilocus sequence typing, curing testing, and conjugal transfer of plasmids. The results demonstrated that all 40 isolates were multidrug-resistant. The fluoroquinolone susceptibility test showed that 75% of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, whereas 72.5% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Further, conjugation accounted for 57.5% of all resistant plasmid transfer events, which is 4.3-fold higher than that observed in 2010 by Frost et al. Finally, the high detection rate of transposon Tn4401 was associated with the rapid diffusion and evolution of CPE. Our results highlight the rapid emergence of extensively drugresistant strains in Korea and emphasize the need for employing urgent control measures and protocols at the national level.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• 제24권8B호
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• pp.1464-1471
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• 1999

A wide-band high power amplifier to use for radiated electromagnetic field immunity testing of EMS(Electromagnetic Susceptibility) standards has to meet IEC1000-4-3 specification in the frequency bandwidth of 80MHz to 1000MHz. The power amplifier to be described in this paper consists of driving and power stages with wide-band matched circuits by estimated impedances. The mismatching protection circuit is inserted in it to prevent from damage of power device when the output port of power amplifier is opened or shorted by user's mistake. The characteristics of the power amplifier are obtained output power over 100watts, gain over 40dB and flatness of $\pm$0.3dB in the frequency range of 80 ~300MHz. The harmonics suppression characteristics is measured over 20dBc. This wide-band high power amplifier can be useful fur radiated electromagnetic field immunity testing of IEC 1000-4-3 standard.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.110-114
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• 2004

Through in vitro screening for biocontrol agents (BCAs) against Streptomyces scabiei causing potato (Solanum tuberosum) common scab, 19 streptomycete and 17 fungal isolates with antagonistic activity were selected as BCA candidates. For the selection of BCA candidates which are highly resistant to 10 kinds of antibiotics or pesticides, chemical susceptibility testing was initially performed in vitro. A remarkable degree of variation in susceptibility to antibiotics or pesticides was observed among the isolates tested. Streptomycete A020645 isolate was highly resistant to all the tested chemicals except neomycin up to 5,000 ppm. On the other hand, out of 36 antagonistic microbes subjected to in vivo pot tests using cultivar Daejima, four streptomycete isolates namely, A020645, A010321, A010564, and A020973, showed high antagonistic activity with >60% and 55% control value, respectively, and high chemical resistance to 10 kinds of chemicals. Therefore, these isolates were selected as potential BCAs for the control of potato common scab.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.209-225
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• 2017

Development of high strength steel requires proper understanding of hydrogen behavior since the higher the steel strength the greater the susceptibility of hydrogen assisted cracking. This paper provides a brief but broad overview on hydrogen entry and transport behavior of high-strength ferritic steels. First of all, hydrogen absorption, diffusion and trapping mechanism of the steels are briefly introduced. Secondly, several experimental methods for analyzing the physical/chemical nature of hydrogen uptake and transport in the steels are reviewed. Among the methods, electrochemical permeation technique utilized widely for evaluating the hydrogen diffusion and trapping behavior in metals and alloys is mainly discussed. Moreover, a modified permeation technique accommodating the externally applied load and its application to a variety of steels are intensively explored. Indeed, successful utilization of the modified permeation technique equipped with a constant load testing device leads to significant academic progress on the hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) phenomenon of the steels. In order to show how the external and/or residual stress affects mechanical instability of steel due to hydrogen ingress, the relationship among the microstructure, hydrogen permeation, and HAC susceptibility is briefly introduced.

• Annals of Laboratory Medicine
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.545-554
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• 2018

Background: The increasing morbidity and mortality rates associated with Acinetobacter baumannii are due to the emergence of drug resistance and the limited treatment options. We compared characteristics of colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-AB) clinical isolates recovered from patients with and without prior colistin treatment. We assessed whether prior colistin treatment affects the resistance mechanism of CR-AB isolates, mortality rates, and clinical characteristics. Additionally, a proper method for identifying CR-AB was determined. Methods: We collected 36 non-duplicate CR-AB clinical isolates resistant to colistin. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Sanger sequencing analysis, molecular typing, lipid A structure analysis, and in vitro synergy testing were performed. Eleven colistin-susceptible AB isolates were used as controls. Results: Despite no differences in clinical characteristics between patients with and without prior colistin treatment, resistance-causing genetic mutations were more frequent in isolates from colistin-treated patients. Distinct mutations were overlooked via the Sanger sequencing method, perhaps because of a masking effect by the colistin-susceptible AB subpopulation of CR-AB isolates lacking genetic mutations. However, modified lipid A analysis revealed colistin resistance peaks, despite the population heterogeneity, and peak levels were significantly different between the groups. Conclusions: Although prior colistin use did not induce clinical or susceptibility differences, we demonstrated that identification of CR-AB by sequencing is insufficient. We propose that population heterogeneity has a masking effect, especially in colistin non-treated patients; therefore, accurate testing methods reflecting physiological alterations of the bacteria, such as phosphoethanolamine-modified lipid A identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight, should be employed.