• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2001

In this paper we consider empirical Bayes estimation of the hazard rate and survival probabilities with right censored data under the assumption that the hazard function is constant over the period of observation and the prior distribution is gamma. We provide an estimator of the first derivative of the prior moment generating function that converges at each point to the true value in $L_2$ and use it to obtain, easy to compute, asymptotically optimal estimators under the squared error loss function.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.223-248
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• 1987

The early tissue reactions in the periodontal tissues of the tension zones following the application of force (30gm) to the maxillary first molar teeth of the albino rats were studied by the light microscopy and electron microscopy The increase of periodontal fibroblasts was evident, particularly in 1 day survival period. Osteoblast differentiation and new bone formation on the alveolar bone surface were occurred from 1 day survival period. Mononuclear phagocytes occurred consistently and in relatively high number adjacent to and at some distance from blood vessel Extensive breakdown of collagen fibers was observed. The increase of the phagocytosis of collagen by the active fibroblasts was evident Also, collagen fibrils were sparse or lost near the macrophage.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1030-1034
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• 1992

There are follow-up data according to thirteen patients recieved the surgical resection for metastatic lung cancer arising from different primary tumor. The patients were received the surgical resection at Korean Cancer Center Hospital from July 1987 to Setember 1991 and followed-up to August 1992. There were 9 men and 4 women, ranging in age from 16 to 70 years[mean age, 42.8 years]. The primary tumors were 2 synovial sarcoma, 2 sarcoma, 2 osteosarcoma, 3 laryngeal ca, 1 melanoma, 1 ovarian ca and 1 bladder ca. The operative procedures were 5 wedge resections, 1 segmental resection, 5 lobectomies, 1 bil-obectomy and 1 pneumonectomy. There was no operative and hospital death. There were 3 deaths[each survival period: 2, 9 and 20 months, average 10.3 months]and 5 tumor recurrence during follow-up. At now, the average survival period of aliving patients is 29.1 months.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7989-7993
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• 2014

Background: The Khon Kaen Cancer Registry (KKCR) was established in 1984. Previous population-based incidences and survivals of childhood cancer in Thailand were determined using a short cancer registration period. Materials and Methods: Data were retrieved of all children residing in Khon Kaen, between 0-15 years, diagnosed as having cancer and registered in the KKCR (1985-2009). The follow-up censored date was December 31, 2012. The childhood cancers were classified into 12 diagnostic groups, according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. The incidence was calculated by the standard method. Survival of childhood cancer was investigated using the KKCR population-based registration data and overall survival calculated using the Kaplan Meier method. Results: In the study period, 912 newly diagnosed cases of childhood cancer were registered. The respective mean and median age was 6.4 (SD=4.6) and 6 (0-14) years. The age-peak for incidence was 0-4 years. The age-standardized rate (ASR) was 83 per million. Leukemia was the most common cancer (N=360, ASR 33.8) followed by neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS, N=150, ASR 12.8) and lymphoma (N=79, ASR 7.0). The follow-up duration totaled 101,250 months. The death rate was 1.11 per 100 person-months (95%CI: 1.02 -1.20). The 5-year overall survival was 52% (95%CI: 53-56.9) for all cancers. The respective 5-year overall survival for (1) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), (2) acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL), (3) lymphoma, (4) germ cell tumors, (5) renal tumors, (6) retinoblastoma, (7) soft tissue tumors, (8) CNS tumors, (9) bone tumors, (10) liver tumors, and (11) neuroblastoma was (1) 51%, (2) 37%, (3) 63%, (4) 74%, (5) 67%, (6) 55%, (7) 46%, (8) 44%, (9) 36%, (10) 34%, and (11) 25%. Conclusions: The incidence of childhood cancer is lower than those of western countries. Respective overall survival for ALL, lymphoma, renal tumors, liver tumors, retinoblastoma, soft tissue tumors is lower than that reported in developed countries while survival for CNS tumors, neuroblastoma and germ cell tumors is comparable.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of light condition before and after chilling treatment started at different times of a day on the survival and physiological responses of cucumber seedlings grown in a greenhouse. Percent survival of cucumber seedling exposed to a chilling temperature of 2$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours varied considerably depending upon the initiation time of chilling treatment. Seedlings exposed to chilling treatment from 7:00 o clock, the end of a dark period, showed considerably lower % survival of 30.6% as compared to 90.2% in those exposed to the same treatment starting from 18:00 o clock, the end of a photoperiod. This difference in % survival was found to be closely associated with content of photosynthetic assimilates in seedlings. Relative amount of electrolyte leakage was 57.1% in seedlings chilled from 7:00 o clock and 25.9% in seedlings chilled from 18:00 o clock. Among the ions found in the electrolyte leakage, content of $K^{+}$ was the greatest, followed by that of N $a^{+}$, $Mg^{+}$ and $Ca^{+2}$. Light illumination for 2 hours or longer shortly before chilling treatment during the dark period was effective in increasing % survival of seedlings, probably because of increased photosynthetic assimilates in seedlings. Light illumination during a 48 hour chilling treatment at 3$^{\circ}C$ significantly reduced % survival to 43.3% as compared to 92.0% in seedlings kept continuously in darkness.ess.s.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2015

Background: Alprostadil and sildenafil are known vasodilators used independently to improve flap survival in animal models. In this study, we investigate whether these agents act synergistically to decrease flap necrosis in rat models. Methods: After acclimation period, 4 groups of 10 male white rats were given a modified McFarlane skin flap. The postoperative treatment included saline control (Group A), sildenafil citrate-only (Group B), alprostadil-only (Group C), and both sildenafil and alprostadil (Group D). The flaps were observed on postoperative days 1, 3, 5 and 7. The animals were euthenized on postoperative day 7, and the flaps were evaluated for inflammation and neovascularization. Results: At each observation, the mean necrotic index was significantly lower for all three treatment groups (Groups A, B, C) and was the lowest for the combined treatment group. On histologic evaluations, combined treatment was associated with decreased inflammation and increased capillary vessel formation, when compared with control group. Conclusion: Both sildenafil-only and alprostadil treatments were independently associated with increased flap survival rate. Sildenafil citrate and alprostadil had a synergistic effect in increasing flap survival rate.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.356-362
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• 1986

This experiment was designed to evaluate effects of freezing and frozen storage on survival of sanitary indicative bacteria in seafoods. Culture of bacteria such as Escherichia coli type I, Citrobacter freundii type I, Klebsiella aerogenes type I and Streptococcus faecalis was inoculated into homogenates of pollack, shrimp, and sardine frozen in a contact plate freezer at $-40^{\circ}C$ and chest freezer at $-20^{\circ}C$, stored at $-20^{\circ}C$, and then survival of the inoculated bacteria was determined over a period of 95 days. Coliform group was highly sensitive to freezing and frozen storage showing survival of about $2\%$ after 95 days of frozen storage at $-20^{\circ}C$, whereas Streptococcus faecalis was relatively resistant with $20\%$ survival rate. The sanitary indicative bacteria count was rapidly decreased in the early stage of frozen storage revealing 90 to $95\%$ loss of coliform group and 40 to $70\%$ loss in case of Streptococcus faecalis after 10 days storage. In determining recovery rate, most probable number (MPN) method gave more reproducible recovery of the tested strain than did the selected agar plate method.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2002

Effect of mercury (Hg) toxicity on survival, growth, feed efficiency and oxygen consumption were examined in the juvenile olive flounder. Paralichthys olivaceus. Fishes were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Hg ranging from 0 to 0.13mg/L for 6 weeks. Hg reduced survival rate in a concentration and exposure period-dependent way and suddenly reduction occurred at Hg concentrations greater than 0.05mg/L after 6 weeks. Growth rate and feed efficiency also significantly decreased at greater than 0.028 and 0.05 mg/L respectively. Oxygen consumption rate was significantly decreased to 25 and 32% than that of the control at the Hg concentration of 0.05 and 0.13 mg/L respectively. These results suggest that Hg toxicity inhibit physiological function including growth, feed efficiency and oxygen consumption in the juvenile olive flounder, resulting in survival failure at high concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical survival rate of Astra Tech implants in the maxillary molar region performed with sinus lift and bone graft. Materials and Methods: Ninety-nine Astra Tech implants (Osseospeed) placed in the maxillary molar region using sinus lift from September 2009 to February 2012 were selected with a minimum follow-up period of 1 year. The height of alveolar bone, sinus approach technique, bone material and implant survival rate were evaluated. Results: Of the 99 implants, the survival rate was 90.9%; 8 implants failed within 1 year after implant placement, and 1 implant failed 1 year after implant loading. All failed implants were placed with sinus lift simultaneously. The average height of alveolar bone before implant placement was 6.9 mm, while the height of alveolar bone of failed implants was 2.1 mm, on average. Conclusion: Astra Tech implants placed in the maxillary molar region had generally good survival rates, but the relationship between reduced pre-implant alveolar bone height and implant failure requires further attention.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.445-452
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was comparison of survival rate of implant as two sinus elevation techniques and when window opening procedure had done it was comparison of survival rate of implant between the procedure of implantation after 6 month of sinus elevation to allow healing period and that of implantation with sinus elevation simultaneously. Material and Methods: All 79 of patients treated at DanKook University Dental Hospital Dept. of Periodontics for 164 implantation of maxillary posterior edentulous area with sinus elevation. Sinus elevation technique was divided of the technique : Osteotome technique and window opening technique. Result: 14 implants among 96 implants was failed implants of using osteotome for sinus elevation whereas one implant of 68 implants was failed of using window opening technique. Conclusion: Window opening technique had higher survival rate than osteotome technique. In case of window opening, there was no significant difference of immediate implantation and delayed implantation.