• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.189-199
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• 2021

In order to increase the self-reliance rate of new and renewable energy in order to respond to the mandatory domestic zero-energy buildings, the taller the building, the more limited the site area, and installing PV modules on the roof is not enough. Therefore, BIPV (Building integrated photovoltaic, hereinafter BIPV) is the industry receiving the most attention as a core energy source that can realize zero-energy buildings. Therefore, this study conducted a survey on the problems of the BIPV industry in a self-discussing method for experts with more than 10 years of experience of designers, builders, product manufacturers, and maintainers in order to suggest the right direction and revitalize the BIPV industry. Industrial problems of BIPV adjustment are drawn extention range of standard and certification for products, range improvement for current small condition of various kind productions, need to revise standards for capable of accomodating roof-type, color-module and louver-module, necessary of barrier in flow of foreign modules into korea through domestic certification mandatory, difficulty in obtaining BIPV information, request to prevent confusion among participants by exact guidelime about architectural application part of BIPV, and lack of the BIPV definition clearness, support policy, etc. Based on the improvements needed for the elements, giving change and competitiveness impacts aims to present and propose counter measures and direction.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.137-147
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to summarize the variables for making the power expansion of terrorist organizations possible by analyzing the power transitions among the Somalia governments and terrorisms. For this, I created a framework after extracting the independent variables affecting the power transition using the theories of Hans J. Morgenthau, A.F.K Organski, K.J. Holsti. On the basis of these, I analyzed the power transitions among the organizations from August 2012(the foundation of Federal government) to August 2019. According to the results, the power area of the federal government is extremely narrowed, whereas the power areas of al-Shabaab, ISIS, and neutral conflict are largely expanded. The factors in the framework were embodied as the delay of powerful federal government foundation, the shortage of national military forces, the limitation of effective use of foreign forces, the continuation of cooperation and antagonism among armed terrorist organization, sanctuary environment of terrorists using the Sharia law, advantages of force recruitment resulted from the bad economic conditions, public support suitable for the Somalia environment. All of these factors work the causes of lasting anarchy condition of the federal government of Somalia by making the settlement of conflict against terrorist organizations.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2021

Cost information in the Korean construction industry is mainly controlled by the government agencies. However, there have been wild-spread speculations among participants on the adequacy of these unit prices and difference with the actual market condition. Korean public-led unit prices are developed using mainly a top-down approach by a few designated public institutions. Due to the rapid fluctuations in market prices and high-volume of information, it is impossible for a few public institutions to properly consider market conditions. However, there are almost none private cost reference while many are available in other countries to supplement the public cost references. Needs for private cost references have recognized, and this study can be seen as a pilot study to support them. This study attempts to identify the problem areas of Korean cost references and to provide guidance by benchmarking other countries. This study has confirmed the need of developing market-driven cost references by employing a bottom-up approach in which a large number of various construction participants are fostered to provide their own cost information and share with others. It is envisioned that this study provides foundations for further study on the development on-line construction market platform based on abundant and appropriate cost information.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.623-633
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• 2018

This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of how the presence or absence of a partner affects the life characteristics of persons aged 65 or older. For this, the subjects were divided into the married group and the single group to investigate sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, self-rated health level, disease morbidity, limitations in life due to health conditions and health-related quality of life. An assessment was carried out by analyzing local communities' health survey data of 3 years from 2014 to 2016. The results revealed that the single group had more women, a lower household income, poorer health conditions, and a higher chronic disease morbidity rate than the married group, and thus their self-rated heath level was lower as well. These characteristics were found to contribute to a lower quality of life in the single group than the married group. To this day, we have viewed the elderly as one of the groups based on age and only tried to identify their average characteristics, thus overlooking their various inherent problems. The results of this study suggest that physical, emotional and social problems seen among the elderly need a comprehensive measure. In addition, this study found that public health approaches and social welfare systems should be improved to develop personalized support programs for the elderly.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.109-130
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• 2013

This study aims to identify the priority for the Gwangyang and Qingdao hinterlands which are in the same category of benchmarking crowed paths. This study has been mainly done with comparison. There is certain limitation to use competitive factors of existing research so, this study has had proper competitive factors deriving from factors analysis and studied hinterland priority of competing factors by AHP. Major results are as follows. First, the factor analysis resulted in 20 factor that were 0.6 or higher loading level of commonality and then these 20 factors were divided into groups: operating factors, service factors, cost factors, port infrastructure factors, and hinterland conditions factors with the rotated component matrix analysis. Second, according to the result of top competitive factors, the best factor was the hinterland condition(0.256). The other factors such as infrastructure, economy, accessibility, incentive, and port traffic in hinterland were highly ranked in terms of general importance using multiple weights. Third, the result of detailed properties importance about the final alternative, Gwangyang hinterland was considered more highly than Qingdao hinterland in the port information system, the support a variety of administrative services, the efficiency of the customs, and the tax benefits.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1105-1123
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• 2018

The main risk factors of tunnel excavation through urban areas are ground settlement and surface sink which caused by ground conditions, excavation method, groundwater condition, excavation length, support method, etc. In the process of ground settlement assessment, the numerical analysis should be conducted considering the displacement and stress due to tunnel excavation. Therefore a technique that can simplify such process and easily evaluate the influence of tunnel excavation is needed. This study focused on the tunnelling-induced ground settlement which is main consideration of underground safety impact assessment. The parametric numerical analyses were performed considering such parameters as ground conditions, tunnel depth, and lateral distance from tunnel center line, etc. A simplified ground settlement evaluation chart was suggested by analyzing tendency of ground subsidence, lateral influence area and character by depth. The applicability of the suggested settlement evaluation chart was verified by comparative numerical analysis of settlement characteristics.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.37-48
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• 2019

Current research explores the effect of language on the perception of facial emotion as suggested by the psychological construction theory of emotion by using a psychophysical method. In this study, we hypothesize that the perception of facial expression may be influenced if the observer is shown an affective word before he/she judges an expression. Moreover, we suggest that his/her understanding of a facial emotion will be in line with the conceptual context that the word denotes. During the two experiments conducted for this project, a control stimulus or words representing either angry or happy emotions were briefly presented to participants before they were shown a target face. These target faces were randomly selected from seven faces that were gradually morphed to show neutral to angry (in Experiment 1) and neutral to happy (in Experiment 2) expressions. The participants were asked to perform a two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) task to judge the emotion of the target face (i.e., decide whether it is angry or neutral, or happy or neutral). The results of Experiment 1 (when compared with the control condition) showed that words denoting anger decreased the point of subjective equality (PSE) for judging the emotion of the target as anger, whereas words denoting happiness increased the PSE. Experiment 2, in which participants had to judge expressions on a scale from happy to neutral, produced a contrasting pattern of results. The outcomes of this study support the claim of the psychological construction theory of emotion that the perception of facial emotion is an active construction process that may be influenced by information (such as affective words) that provide conceptual context.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.75-84
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• 2019

This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the nursing performance and the convergence relationships of leisure satisfaction, job stress, and nursing performance among nurses. Participants included 150 nurses working at 2 hospitals in C city from August 3 to September 15, 2018. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA with Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression by SPSS 23.0 program. Nursing performance were significantly differences in age (F=4.78, p=.003), marital status (F=2.74, p=.007), length of clinical career (F=3.34, p=.012), and health condition (F=5.23, p=.002). Nursing performance was a positively correlated with leisure satisfaction (r=.32, p<.001) and a negatively correlated with job stress (r=-19, p=.020), and job stress was a negatively correlated with leisure satisfaction (r=-.32, p=.005). The factors affecting the nursing performance of clinical nurses were age (${\beta}=.20$, p=.008) and leisure satisfaction (${\beta}=.28$, p<.001), and these variables explained about 19.6% of the variance in nursing performance. In order to improve nursing performance, it is necessary to provide working environment and institutional support for increasing leisure satisfaction and reducing job stress and age-differentiated approaches.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 2019

This study aims to look at the application methods of landscape architecture in response to the 4th Industrial Revolution. The results of the analysis of trends in the 4th Industrial Revolution and the subsequent search for application methods to the field of landscape architecture are as follows. First, the 4th Industrial Revolution means innovative change based on digital technology and seeks to create value based on intelligent information technology, and continuous growth is being made through innovation. This requires expertise to collect large amounts of information and creatively rework it, and a strategy to flexibly cope with changes in the times. Second, the status of technological use in response to the 4th Industrial Revolution in the field of landscape architecture is generalizing the establishment of precise analysis results such as survey technology and global mapping using drones, three-dimensional design simulation, and VR. In the field of traditional landscape architecture, efforts are made to obtain accurate fact-finding data on landscape site components. Third, the application methods in the field of landscape science according to the 4th Industrial Revolution in the future are required to supply precision technology and supply programs in the technology sector, and to provide a shared platform. In addition, a systemically standardized process will need to be established for this. In addition, educational efforts should be continued to professional manpower training and provide economic support for the development of technologies.

• Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.2873-2881
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• 2018

It is very important to obtain objective and credible information through election polls in order to contribute to the correct voting behavior of the voters or to establish appropriate election strategies for candidates or political parties. Therefore, many related organizations such as political parties, media organizations, and research institutions have been making efforts to improve the accuracy of the results of the polls and the election prediction. Kim et al. (2017) analyzed whether the non-response group responded that there is no support candidate in the election survey to increase the accuracy of the estimation of the vote rate. As a result, it has been confirmed that the accuracy of the estimation of the vote rate can be significantly improved by performing an appropriate classification on the non-response layer. In this study, we propose a method to estimate the turnout by each strata (sex, age group) under the condition that the total turnout rate is given for a specific district (region) and propose a procedure to predict the vote rate by reflecting the turnout. In addition, case studies were conducted using data gathered through telephone interviews for the 20th National Assembly elections in 2016.