• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.56 no.1 s.100
• /
• pp.121-130
• /
• 2006

Superimposition is a transforming technique that can facilitate the creation. Superimposition in previous studies, however, has only been fragmentary described as an expression technique, so the studies have not been conducted on the basis of its aesthetic value. The purpose of this study is to investigate how superimposition is applied and expressed in terms of forms of modern fashion based on multi-dimensional features of design processing. The codes of togetherness, ambivalence, sense of space and tension in dress were determined by using the expressional Superimposition. The forms of superimposition were limited to superimposition of clothing, superimposition of body and clothing and superimposition of body and Phenomenal body. This study found that superimposition has developed, in fashion forms/types, a new 'form' by overlapping various forms and thus provides a visual shock and a sense of mystery by using mismatched and arbitrary properties among the forms. Such a superimposition influences a methodology of fashion design through a designer's subjective tendencies, as well as influences a change in the view of the world. Also, a superimposition is expected to have a definite influence on new fashion trends.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.169-181
• /
• 2012

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop superimposition method on the lower arch using 3-dimensional (3D) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and orthodontic 3D digital modeling. Methods: Integrated 3D CBCT images were acquired by substituting the dental portion of 3D CBCT images with precise dental images of an orthodontic 3D digital model. Images were acquired before and after treatment. For the superimposition, 2 superimposition methods were designed. Surface superimposition was based on the basal bone structure of the mandible by surface-to-surface matching (best-fit method). Plane superimposition was based on anatomical structures (mental and lingual foramen). For the evaluation, 10 landmarks including teeth and anatomic structures were assigned, and 30 times of superimpositions and measurements were performed to determine the more reproducible and reliable method. Results: All landmarks demonstrated that the surface superimposition method produced relatively more consistent coordinate values. The mean distances of measured landmarks values from the means were statistically significantly lower with the surface superimpositions method. Conclusions: Between the 2 superimposition methods designed for the evaluation of 3D changes in the lower arch, surface superimposition was the simpler, more reproducible, reliable method.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.56 no.10
• /
• pp.538-547
• /
• 2018

ITK-SNAP (http://www.itksnap.org) and 3D Slicer (CMFreg extension module; www.slicer.org) are open-source softwares which can be used for superimposition of cone-beam CT images. For superimposition, segmentation of bone is done with ITK-SNAP, and then voxel based superimposition of CBCT images can be performed using 3D Slicer. 3D Slicer has various visualization modules which are not provided in common commercial programs. 'Models' module is used to visualize two overlapping three-dimensional images, and this allows various visualizations by changing view mode and color of the model. In addition, differences between two CBCT images can be represented in a color map using 'ShapePopulationViewer' module. This report introduces how to superimpose and visualize CBCT images using ITK-SNAP and 3D Slicer, and the usefulness and limitations of both softwares will be discussed in comparison with commercial softwares.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.59 no.9
• /
• pp.163-179
• /
• 2009

The superimposition of the Russian constructivist architectural design is one of the notable transforming techniques of conventional design principles. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the superimposed space in the modern fashion design based on the techniques and characteristics of superimposition appeared in Russian constructivism architectural space. The artistic characteristics of the superimposed design in the modern fashion design can be determined by codes of dynamics, sense of space, rhythmical sense, communications and tension of the dress. Through this study, it was found that superimposition of the Russian constructivist architectural design in the modern fashion design has influenced the modern fashion design space in the forms of dynamics with directive sense, vitality through transparency, uniformity with geometric interpenetrates, intensive visual attraction created by duplicity, communication between human body and clothes, creation of transformative beauty and enhancement of structural volume on clothes.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.332-340
• /
• 2008

In this paper, comparisons of the superimposition schemes for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system are made. The time domain superimposition of data (TDSD) has a tradeoff between the degree of freedom for data transmission and inter-carrier interference (ICI). While SPPT and APSB experiences the increases of interference as the transmit data rate increases, TDSD can effectively improve spectral efficiency by exploiting preprocessing structures which prevents interference between the signals in the different domain. TDSD which we proposed is compared with the conventional superimposition schemes or OFDM, such as SPPT (the superimposed periodic pilot in the time domain) and APSB (the added pilot semi-blind channel estimation) by simulation. As the result, comparing the conventional OFDM, TDSD can increase the spectral efficiency up to about 20% with the superimposition factor M=16 while SPPT has the similar efficiency. APSB has the worst efficiency.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.27 no.5 s.64
• /
• pp.669-682
• /
• 1997

[$Bj\ddot{o}rk$] and Skieller concluded after following facial growth patterns using implants in upper and lower jaw bones that stable structures, which are not influenced by the growth do exist and so these must be the reference landmarks in the process of superimposition. In spite of such facts, for the last 40 years since the discovery of stable structures, most orthodontists have preferred best fit superimposition method to structural method. Cases such as Angle's Class II division 2 malocclusion that show characteristic forward and upward growth or one under long period of post-treatment observation demonstrate that distinct differences exist between the two methods of superimposition. Today, ethical concerns prohibit further growth studies that use implants, md so there is no choice but to use stable structural superimposition method based on $Bj\ddot{o}rk's$ data. Thus, to encourage clinical use of stable structural superimposition method, logic for the use of stable structural superimposition method will be demonstrated, and its technical methods of application will be introduced step by step.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.139-140
• /
• 2007

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.37-54
• /
• 1996

In this thesis, a new superimposition scheme using a computer vision system was proposed with 7 pairs of skull and ante-mortem photographs, which were already identified through other tests and DNA fingerprints at the Korea National Institute of Scientific Investigation. At this computer vision system, an unidentified skull was caught by video-camcoder with the MPEG and a ante-mortem photograph was scanned by scanner. These two images were processed and superimposed using pixel processing. Recognition of the individual identification by anatomical references was performed on the two superimposed images. These results were as followings. 1. For the enhancement of skull and ante-mortem photographs, various image processing schemes, such as SMOOTH, SHARPEN, EMBOSS, MOSAIC, ENGRAVE, INVERT, NEON and COLOR TO MONO, were applied using 3*5 window processing. As an image processing result of these methods, the optimal techniques were NEON, INVERT and ENGRAVE for the edge detection of skull and ante-mortem photograph. 2. Using various superimposition image processing techniques (SRCOR, SRCAND, SRCINVERT, SRCERASE, DSTINVERT, MERGEPAINT) were compared for the enhancement of image recognition. 3. By means of the video camera, the skull image was inputed directly to a computer system : superimposing it on the ante-mortem photograph made the identification more precise and time-saving. As mentioned above, this image processing techniques for the superimposition of skull and ante-mortem photographs simply used the previous approach, In other wrods, taking skull photographs and developing it to the same size as the ante-mortem photographs. This system using various image processing techniques on computer screen, a more precise and time-saving superimposition technique could be able to be applied in the area of individual identification in forensic practice.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.172-178
• /
• 2012

Superimposition of vertical and transition curves is not allowed for all types of tracks in Korean regulation of railway construction. However, this criterion has been established on the basis of difficulty of maintenance of the ballasted track. Comparing with the ballasted track, the concrete slab track has the advantage of maintenance and structural, which allows the superimposition of vertical and transition curves when it satisfies the criteria of running safety and riding comfort. In this study, running safety, ride comforts and track acting forces were analyzed and compared by numerical analysis using VAMPIRE program when the vertical and transition curves are superimposed for the ballasted track as well as the concrete slab track. From the analysis results, it was found that running safety, riding comforts and track acting forces in case of superimposition of vertical and transition curves for the both tracks meet all of the criteria. Therefore, although superimposition of vertical and transition curves for the ballasted track is not allowed because of a lot of maintenance works, it can be applied to the concrete slab track considering the advantage of maintenance and structural safety.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.66-79
• /
• 2014

Purpose: To analyze the amount and pattern of tooth movement and the changes in arch dimension of mandibular dentition after orthodontic treatment using a new three-dimensional (3D)-indirect superimposition method. Materials and Methods: The samples consisted of fifteen adult patients with class I bialveolar protrusion and minimal anterior crowding, treated by extraction of four first premolars with conventional sliding mechanics. After superimposition of 3D-virtual maxillary models before and after treatment using best-fit method, 3D-virtual mandibular model at each stage was placed into a common coordinate of superimposition using 3D-bite information, which resulted in 3D-indirect superimposition for mandibular dentition. The changes in mandibular dental and arch dimensional variables were measured with Rapidform 2006 (INUS Technology). Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Result: The anterior teeth moved backward, displaced laterally, and inclined lingually. The posterior teeth showed statistically significant contraction toward midsagittal plane. The amounts of backward movement of anterior teeth and forward movement of posterior teeth showed a ratio of 6 : 1. Although the inter-canine width increased slightly (0.8 mm, P<0.05), the inter-second premolar, inter-first molar, and inter-second molar widths decreased significantly with similar amounts (2.2 mm, P<0.05; 2.3 mm, P<0.01; 2.3 mm, P<0.001). The molar depth decreased (6.7 mm, P<0.001) but canine depth did not change. Conclusion: A new 3D-indirect superimposition of the mandibular dentitions using best-fit method and 3D-bite information can present a guideline for virtual treatment planning in terms of tooth position and arch dimension.