• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.870-873
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• 2011

The circumstance as platform and tunnel is very important in evacuation from passenger train car on fire. The comparison of egress modeling by SIMULEX, PATHFINDER, STEPS was conducted in order to analyze for the influence of platform to egress from subway car. Model subway car is seoul metro subway car. Model platform was designed by code 'Complementary design guide for connecting and convenience facilities, and urban subway station'.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2006

To optimize the ventilation and smoke control systems in subway equipped with platform screen door, the technology to analyze the unsteady tunnel flow caused by running of train should be developed. The development of model experiment and numerical analysis technique with relation to unsteady flow of subway were presented. The pressure and air velocity changes in 1/20-scaling experiment unit were measured and results were comparied to those of 3-D unsteady numerical analysis applied with sharp interface method. The experimental and numerical results were quantitatively similar and it would be reasonable to apply sharp interface method to analyze the unsteady flow in subway equipped with platform screen door.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2008

Subway is a major transportation in the city that is allied to the daily life of people. As a public space, subway station must satisfy the citizens with convenience, safety and esthetic factors. The bench which is one of the major street furniture on the subway platform has a lot of physical contact. Therefore the design of benches must be considered in the aspects of not only aesthetic design but also ergonomic design. The goal of this study is to find out the current conditions and problems of benches and at the same time suggest how to arrange, design, and manage them at the proper manners at subway platform. The result of the study is as follows. First, the problems of design are that the benches at a same platform have various design, the saturation of color is too high, and the design is unfashionable. The second, at the management part there is no such a total management system and specialist for the street furniture section and lack of rational management regulations. The third, results of a new survey suggest that citizens think negatively about present bench's conditions such as design and administration.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.10 no.1 s.38
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• pp.67-73
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• 2007

Experiments were carried out to investigate smoke movement in platform of a subway station which currently is in service in Pusan, the second largest city in Korea. The recently constructed underground station of the "bank type" (two platforms on both sides of track) which is the popular layout of platforms in Korea, is chosen in Pusan. The smoke generator and heater are used for simulating the smoke movement at the fire break in the platform located in the 2nd basement of the station. Video recordings were used to monitor smoke lowering. In this study, the movements of smoke in the underground station are investigated under various smoke-control operating modes. Three tests wire conducted according to its operating mode of the ventilation systems in the platform: no operation of any ventilation systems, smoke extraction mode in occurrence of fire (presently running mode) and full capacity of smoke extraction where all vents are activated in the platform. The results can be used for comparing with the numerical prediction results of fire subway stations.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.167-177
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• 2013

The environmental considerations should be taken into full consideration in order to make the use of ground space as comfort and efficient as that of ground space. The visual environmental factors which provide visual informations in underground spaces where the environmental information can be acquired only by the surroundings expand their role as affordance for wayfinding. This study focuses on the visual performance evaluation of wayfinding factors on the subway transfer station platform and aisle as major space for movement in four subway transfe stations and analyzes the material, pattern, color, and lighting provided by the visual environment in underground space as directional marked label, regional differentiation and sign system. The results of this study comes are as follows. First, As to the directional marked label at the subway platform and transfer aisle, following patterns are colors, finishing materials and lighting for the sake of safety and convenience, And regional differentiation, following colors are patterns for the space division. Finally sign system which practically provides the most information, however, it is most insufficient to be a space-preception element. Second, According to the type of platform structures, such as an island platform and a separate platform, the main areas of and necessity for the space-perception elements may bring about changes. Third, these four stations that has been analyzed for this study, lighting, compared with color, finishing material and pattern, has been highly insufficient to be a perception element.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.496-500
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• 2010

Understanding train-wind is the best method to know how to optimize subway ventilation system. The capacity and efficiency of the subway ventilation system are known by pressure and velocity while train runs. Analysis of the internal flow in subway tunnel and around subway station are studied using numerical methods. Characteristics of internal flow and influence of subway ventilation system for the subway station with platform screen door and tunnel are analyzed by unsteady state analysis. Velocity and pressure of train wind transformation are compared at around subway ventilation system and the internal flow is investigated at the subway tunnel.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.10 no.3 s.40
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• pp.313-318
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• 2007

In this study, numerical simulations were carried out to analyze the effect of the smoke extraction system and fire shutters in subway station fires using FDS 4.0. Subway station used in the experiment was 145 m long. Simulation results are validated by comparing with experimental results. Simulation results showed good agreement with experimental results within $10^{\circ}C$. 10 MW polystyrene was used as a fuel in the numerical prediction. Numerical predictions were performed in the center-platform type subway station in case of a kiosk fire. Temperature and CO concentration were lowered by the operation of smoke extraction system. But, the operation of fire shutters had little effect on temperature and CO concentration in the platform level.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.8-14
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• 2013

In the subway, various fires continue to take place across the world. In the Daegu subway accident in 2003, many people were damaged by shortened visibility range caused by toxic gas and smoke. This paper, assuming that a subway fire happens in the Mandeok Station of the subway system in Busan, analyzed different smoke-spreading situations depending on the ventilation situation at its platform (opening of the train doors, operation of ventilation facilities in the tunnel, and working of fire door), using FDS. The calculation proved that it would be more effective to secure evacuation route when the ventilation facilities of the tunnel are not operated, than when they are on. And, it was also found that the case where the doors of the platform to the escape route and only the platform-facing doors of the subway car on fire office are open would be more effective to ventilation than the case where all the doors are open. And, it was found to be important that the fire doors of the platform are working properly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.1 s.73
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• pp.35-40
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• 2006

A study on fire phenomena in a subway transit mass station has been carried out as a part of disaster prevention plan at the subway station. The ventilation facilities installed in both the platform and the trackway are designed to convert into a smoke exhaust system in emergency situation, creating such an environment as necessary for evacuation. 3 dimensional Numerical Simulations based on the CFD are carried out using a simulation tool, Fire Dynamic Simulator. Additionally, four different vent modes are made and performances are compared with the original design mode and each other to find better operation of vents at both the platform and the trackway in case of fire. From the result, an vent operational characteristics under the condition of installed PSD is clarified for the effective smoke and heat removal from the platform area compared with non installed PSD.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.85-93
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• 2010

Unlike the existing subway service evaluation system, service evaluation indices by travel section in 26 subway stations were developed and appraised. Travel sections were classified into (1) subway station approach, (2) from entrance to platform, (3) platform, and (4) passageway for transfer, after which weights by travel section and by service evaluation index were estimated using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) by transportation experts. Subway service satisfaction data was gathered from 2000 passengers at the 26 subway stations. The results showed that the weights of (1) subway station approach and (4) passageway for transfer were highest and the weights by travel sections were different if kinds of services were the same. Comfort on the platform, crowdedness in the passageway for transfer, and transfer information from entrance to platform were highest in order in terms of satisfaction. Meanwhile, the results of the IPA showed that services in the passageway for transfer were high in terms of weights but were relatively low in terms of satisfaction. Therefore the services in passages for transfer needed to be reformed preferentially.