• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 1983

The soil-transmitted helminthes, such as ascaris, whipworm, hookworm and trichostrongylus, have been considered as the most prevalent parasitic diseases in a matter of several decades ago in Korea. In facts, the attached eggs and/or larvae to the vegetables have been played a great role on the transmission to human because of raw eating the vegetables without the proper recipe. The aims of this study is to outline the attached helminthes egg in vegetables and to define whether the detection rates on them show a decreasing pattern or not in present. The subjected vegetables were collected from the three markets which are located at Goo-Pa Bal, Soo-Yoo Dong, Cheon-Ho Dong in suburban area, Seoul from April to May 1983. A total of 180 samples including such as 60 Korean cabbages, 60 young radishes and 60 Korean onions were examined. For the detection of helminthes eggs, the both methods of formalin-ether sedimentation and zinc-sulfate floatation were applied. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The detected eggs of ascaris, whipworm, hookworm, trichostrongylus and either filariform larvae or rhabditoidform larvae of hookworm, as well as unknown ones were found in vegetables subjected. 2) Out of 180 subjects, the overall detection rate showed 48 (26.7%). And in case of Korean onion, the rate revealed 22 heads (36.7%) among 60, 17 heads (28.3%) out of 60 Korean cabbages, 9 roots (15.0%) out of 60 young radishes respectively. 3) The ascaris eggs were detected 6 heads (10%) out of 60 Korean cabbages, while the filariform larvae of hookworm appeared in 7 heads (11.7%) among 60 Korean onions. 4) In the results of present study, the detection rates in vegetables were appeared to be the marked decreasing tendency as like 28.3%, 36.7%, 15% compared with 96%, 100%, 88% of previous investigators (Choi et al. 1967)each on Korean cabbage, Korean onion, young radish.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of a 9-week self-help management aquatic exercise program on pain, flexibility, balance, fatigue and self-efficacy in the patients with osteoarthritis living in the suburban area. Methods: Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, 43 osteoarthritis patients consisted of the experimental group (n=20) and the control group (n=23). Due to the busy schedule of the patients working in the farm, the program was provided for 9 weeks instead of 12 week program under the guidance of professional advice. The questionnaires and physical measurements were used to measure the outcome variables before and after the program. Data were analyzed with the SPSS WIN using descriptive statistics, t-test and ANCOVA. Results: The age was significantly different between the groups. After controlling for the age, pain and fatigue in the experimental group decreased significantly more than the control group. Flexibility, balance and self-efficacy in the experimental group improved significantly more than the control group. Conclusion: This 9-week program could be an effective nursing intervention to be used especially for osteoarthritis patients in the suburban area during the leisure seasons of the farmers to improve their arthritic symptoms and self-efficacy.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.679-697
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• 2011

This study analyzed the characteristics of spaces to and from which middle school students transfer, especially centering around the school districts of Southern area in Gyeonggi Province such as Suwon, Osan, Yongin, and Hwaseong. This study was conducted to provide the suggestions regarding educational policies such as the positioning to appropriate school districts, improving of educational environment, and implementing of educational equity, by analyzing, based on the empirical data, the educational spaces of four cities showing rapid population growth due to recent suburbanization. The characteristics of distribution of variables such as schools for each district affecting the student transfer, housing development, and socioeconomics in the research object region are mainly analyzed through the correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and cluster analysis. As a result, there is shown a distinct spatial difference between school districts of the cty downtown and urban fringe, and between school districts of the conventional cities(cities that have been from the past: note of translator) and new land development regions. First, the school districts in the city downtown showed lots of transfers between neighboring school districts, while the school districts in the urban fringes showed transfer-out tendencies strongly. Second, it was the new land development regions where the transfer-in rate is the highest in the Southern area of Gyeonggi Province. Third, the said new land development regions required the supply of educational installations and educational support that can meet educational demands, since these regions have relatively lower qualitied educational environments compared to the conventional cities where the fluidity of students is lower. Fourth, in the summary of all of the said three results, the student transfer in the southern area of Gyeonggi Province was shown in the spaces centering around the multi-core area by reflecting the restructuring of suburban area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.202-207
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• 2001

Covering an area of about 39 ha, Qingming Shanghe Park is located in the northwest of Kaifeng, formerly the capital of seven dynasties in China. It is intended to serve as a tourist attraction based on a painting 〃Qingming Festival at Riverside〃 by Zhang Zeduan of the Northern song Dynasty, which vividly illustrates a real life on the both sides of the Bian River as well as in the urban area, Kaifeng, in early Spring. The park is a collection of varied buildings such as shops, restaurants, tea-houses, theaters, and hotels in the North song style, with an introduction of the history of Kaifeng, this paper examines design philosophy and methodology of the park, and discusses the creative design of the first stage development known as known as The South Area of the park. Marked by the Rainbow Bridge and the City Gate, the South Area is divided into three parts, the rural, suburban, and urban parts which are organized according to the spatial order showed in the painting. The South Area proves to be very successful because of its amazing sense of history and interesting folk performance. Furthermore, the preliminary 9planning of the second stage development known as The North Area is presented with references to culture, history and customs. The North Area is proposed to include the Old Sports & Games Garden, the Exhibition Garden, and the Hot Spring Garden with an appearance of the imperial gardens in the Northern Song, integrated with participation of old sports and games, display of old science & technology achievements, and enjoyment of hot spring bath.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2024

This study aimed to figure out diel activity patterns of water deer and wild boar, whose habitat is disturbed by human activity in a suburban area. Photographic data of water deer and wild boar collected by 18 camera traps from January 2021 to November 2022 was categorized into four diel periods (dawn, day, dusk, and night), and converted into frequencies per 100 CTD (Camera Trap-Days) for seasonal and spatial diel activity pattern analysis. Water deer exhibited intense nocturnality in fall, and wild boar did in fall and winter. During the fall, water deer's night-time capture rate was the highest (61.9%), and day-time photographic rate was the lowest (13.9%) among other seasons. During the fall and winter, wild boar's night-time photographic rate was relatively high (77.6%, 78.0%, respectively), and day-time photographic rate was relatively low (0.7%, 1.8%) in comparison with other seasons. In spatial diel activity analysis, both water deer and wild boar showed a tendency to avoid humans, especially near trails during day-time hours. The day-time photographic rate of water deer in trail-near group was 12.1% and trail-far group was 24.6%. The day-time photographic rate of wild boar was 3.4%, 5.7%, respectively. Because the diel activity patterns of wildlife reflect human disturbance, this study provides useful ecological information for developing appropriate management plans for the coexistence of water deer and wild boar in suburban areas.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 1976

Korea Parasite Eradication Association alleged in its seasonal spring report in 1975 that 36.8 percent of primary, middle and high school students in Seoul area are infected with parasites. Such a high rate of infection is a result of having used raw excrement for manure. Soil is, therefore, to a large extent infected with parasite eggs. In order to present helpful reference materials for preventing parasite infection in the area where human feces have been used for manure, soil in Seoul area and the suburban districts is sampled at random and then the rate of infection in various areas and the variation of infection rate in the same area are studied. The results are as follows 1) The parasite infection rates the according to districts are, Sootaik-ri 39.9%, Chamsil-dong14.2%, Songpa-dong 13.2%, Sageun-dong 12.8% Chayang-dong 11.4%, Sungsoo-dong 8.5%. The above figures show that the rate becomes higher as the area is farther from the urban and residential districts and nearer to the rural area. 2) The rates of detected parasites according to their kinds are as follows Ascaridae 55.9%, Ancylostomatidae 19.9%, Trichocephalus 13.5%, Trichostrongylus 5.7%, Tenia 3.9%, Enterobius 1.1% 3) The monthly variation of infection rate in the same districts, in the case of Sageun-dong, is, August 25.7%, July 18.9%, June 16.2%, September 15.3% April 12.6%, May 11.3%. The above shows that the infection rate of soil is comparatively higher in the summer season.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.107-121
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• 1990

The structural change of occupational composition with the coming of post-industrial society is most evidently observed in the developed country. Specially representative of social changes is the emergence of new occupational sectors, such as the so-called quaternary and quinary sectors, which are based on the use of information technology and managerial skills. The paper raises the question of how and in what this chage of occupational components in a mtro area affects the existing residential structure over the period. In order to extend the discussion of the question, the related hypothetical statements on urban spatial impact due to transformation of the society have xtnsively considered and identified a possible multicenter structure concentration and deconcentration of new jobs and population over the metro area. For further examination, the renowned high tech city of Minneaplis -St. Paul has been selected and the occupational labour forces data for 1960 and 1980 analyzed. As a whole, this area has experienced a dispersal and reconcentration of population in new patterns which have resulted from changes in the occupational structure. In particular, the residential area of white-coller workers(the quaternary / quinary or information workers) has expanded into the city from a suburban core area. In this process, a large proportion of the manual-worker's residential areas in the central city either disappeared or diminished. Consequently, other isolated centers created by the manualworker residents are emerging in both the central city and suburbs. Thus, the development of mulitple centers or cores based on the distribution of occupational characteristics can be considered as a typical ongoing pattern of metro areas in the Unite States.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.610-627
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to compare the caries activity and cariogenic factors in children in different residence areas. The subjects of the study were 268 kindergarten children who were selected from the downtown area(D), apartment area(A), suburban area(S), and rural area(R) in and around the city of Iksan, Korea. Caries activity was measured as past caries experience (dft index and dfs index) and salivary reductase activity (Resazurin Disc Test scores). Cariogenic factors were investigated by a questionnaire. The results were as follows: Reductase activity S > R > D > A dt index R, S > D, A ft index D - the highest dft index A - the lowest ds index R - the highest fs index D - the highest Toothbrushing frequency A - the highest, R - the lowest Toothbrushing before bed D, A > S, R Toothbrushing by parents S, R > A, D Sweets intake freqeuncy A - the highest, S - the lowest Distance to dental office D < A < S < R Dental treatment experience D - the highest, A - the lowest Flouride application rate D > S > R > A Sealant application rate D > A, S > R Birth order A, S > R, D Age D > S > R, A

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.9-24
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• 1987

This study was conducted to measure the diurnal variation and behaviour of atmospheric mercury in an urban area by gold amalgamation and cold vapour atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results were as follows: 1. The Hg concentration in ambient air averaged. 21.13ng/m$^3$ for 111 determinations (C.V. 78.5) in urban area and 5.91ng/m$^3$ for 140 determinations (C.V. 21.3) in suburban area. The urban area concentration was significantly higher and fluctuated more than its rural counterpart. 2. Regression analysis of the interaction between mercury concentration and other components showed a significant correlation between mercury concentration and sulfur dioxide also, TSP were found. Mercury concentration was shown to have a similar behaviour, on the whole, with other air pollutants. 3. It demonstrated a positive correlation with sunlight (UV-ray), while it had a negative response to wind speed and humidity. Its concentration showed a tendensy to increase during calm weather specifically. 4. The Hg concentration at the Mt. Dok You inland clean area ranged from 1.33ng/m$^3$ to 2.0ng/m$^3$, with a mean value of 1.63ng/m$^3$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2010

This study is to analyze women's power in family to be related to Anbang, kitchen, dining room, and utility room planning in a unit plan of condominium apartment housing in rural area Data were collected 194 unit plans from 9 eastern regions of Kungi-Do. The results are as followed: 1) Anbang reflects the women's power on changing its space character into mater bedroom, the highest hierarchy in private zone, and planning a dress room in it. 2) Dining room and kitchen is openly centered on the unit plan, but kitchen is still only women's working space for family and agriculture depended on literature review. Dining space is not activated family interaction, so it is not different from urban apartment housing. However, its location and character are changed, and its hierarchy is relatively higher with women. Dining room and kitchen tend to plan visually separated after 2001, so its trend seems to establish women's territory at home. 3) Whole family can't be easy to access utility and back balcony close to kitchen, and these spaces are functionally separated for women's house work. This design trend seems to establish for women's area. 4) Finally, women's power seems to be effective in house working area including kitchen space depended on results. Also, these results from rural condominium apartment are similar to urban ones in previous study.