• 대한가정학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.25-43
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to find how economic structures differ among four different household groups('enough', 'so so', 'a little difficult', 'very difficult') classified by subjective evaluation on their economic conditions. The data were drawn from 2004 Korean Labor and Income Panel Study conducted by Korea Labor Institute, and $X^2$-test and F-test were utilized by SPSS for Windows 10.0. The major findings were as following. First, the economic levels of household groups of 'enough' and 'so so' showed to be higher than the average. This result implies that households tend to evaluate by themselves their economic conditions comparing to the others. Second, the deviations of average economic levels among four different household groups were relatively bigger in household economic elements of liquid asset, monthly savings and insurance than the others, and relatively smaller in household economic elements of total expenditure, especially expenditures in food at home, education, medical, communication than the others. Third, the households of 'a little difficult' and 'very difficult' showed undesirable economic structures resulting from lack of savings and insurance for their future.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.37-51
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• 1993

The Objects of this study are: 1. To compare the housework time of housewives by region and employment status. 2. To compare the economic value of housework by region and employment status. 3. To evaluate the economic value of housework by each method. The subjects of this study were 815 housewives living in Taegu and Kyungsangpookdo. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentile, T-test, ANOVA and Seheffe test by SPSS PC programs: 1) The average housework time was 7.8hours per day. Full-time housewives spent 8.2hours and employed housewives spent 6.7hours to housework. 2) Partially there were significant difference in economic value of housework by employment status. 3) Estimates of economic value of housework by each method of evaluation are : (unit : won) sample mean method monthly (1) Specialized substitute method 587,080 (2) Overall substitute method 760,640 (3) Opportunity cost method 556,060 (4) Reservation wage method 534,070 (5) Subjective evalution method 644,540

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2005

This study compared one-child households' economic structures between those who determined not to have more children and those who have a birth plan. This study examined the demographic characteristics and economic variables such as income, consumption expenditures, assets. debt, and a subjective evaluation of future economic status. Especially, it compared the effects of socioeconomic variables on expenditures on a child between low-fertility and birth-planned households. From a questionnaire completed by a husband or wife of one-child households, 154 low-fertility households and 201 birth-planned households were obtained. A t-test, chi-square test, multiple regression analysis and a dummy variable interaction technique were used. The findings of this study are as follows: First, low-fertility households were older, had higher income, and had more educated, employed wives. Their marital duration was longer, and their child was older than those of birth-planned households. Second, low-fertility households had higher consumption expenditures than did birth-planned households. Especially, expenditures of apparel and shoes, health care, education, and entertainment were significantly higher for low-fertility households. Also, low-fertility households spent more than did birth-planned households on a child. However, low-fertility households had significantly more debt than did their counterparts, and their expectation level of future economic status were lower than that of birth-planned households. Third, the effects of socioeconomic variables on expenditures on a child were different between low-fertility and birth-planned households. Age, education level, husband's occupation, wife's employment status, income, net asset, and subjective evaluation of future economic status showed significant differences. Income elasticity of expenditure on a child was significantly higher for low-fertility households than their counterparts.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2003

This study analyzed the objective indicators of household economic structures, such as income, expenditure, and debts, as well as a subjective evaluation of economic standards, and compared the households of commuting couples (so called Weekend couples) with those of non-commuting couples. Findings of this study are as follows. First, both husbands and wives in commuter marriages had a higher level of education, were younger, had poorer health, and had shorter working hours than the couples in non-commuter marriages. Second, commuting couples had a significantly higher income than non-commuting couples. In addition, commuting couples had a greater amount of savings, had a higher cost of living, and lower debts than non-commuting couples. Third, commuting couples evaluated their status of household economy more negatively than non-commuting couples. Despite the fact that the commuting couples were more affluent in terms of the objective indicators, including income, savings, and assets, their level of health and psychological well-being were compromised. Lastly, factors determining commuter marriages were the number of years the husband has spent in his job, and the husband's level of education. The shorter the tenure of the husband's job, and the higher the level of husband's education, the more likely the couple was in a commuter marriage.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2002

Purpose: The objectives for this study were to identify the factors that correlate with appraisal of illness and to explore what variables are predictive of cancer patients primary caregivers' cognitive appraisal for stress. Method: The subjects were selected by convenient sampling and 130 caregivers who completed a questionnaire. Measures used in this study included the Family Inventory of Resources for Management, Social Support Index, Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales and Family Coping Coherence Index. Pearson correlation was used to identify the relationship among factors and multiple regression was used to determine the individual and cumulative effect of potential predictors on the caregivers' appraisal. Results: Patient's level of activity, severity of the disease, quality of relation between patient and caregiver, caregiver's subjective health status, economic status, family resources and coping were significantly correlated. Among the variables, coping, family resources, economic status and quality of relation between caregiver and patient predicted 49.2 percent of the variance in appraisal of caregivers' stress condition. Conclusion: These findings suggest that coping mechanisms and family resources are important for positive appraisal. Nurses should provide adequate nursing care for the primary caregiver about professional care information and supportive counseling.

• 한국인구학
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.89-109
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• 2006

‘중산층’은 경제적 요소뿐만 아니라 생활기회, 교육수준, 직업적 지위 등 비경제적인 요소를 포함하는 계층범주이다. 중산층의 객관적 판별기준으로는 화이트칼라와 구중간계급 계층, 2년제 대학이상의 교육수준, 월평균 300만원 이상의 소득, 30평 이상의 주택 거주 등이 있다. 주관적 측면에서의 중산층은 중간계층 귀속의식과 중산층 귀속의식으로 측정될 수 있다. 이 연구에서 객관적 기준으로 측정힌 중산층 규모는 약 66.9%로 2000년 전후의 다른 조사와 비교해 최근 중산층이 크게 감소했다는 증거는 없다. 주관적 지표로는 중간계층 귀속의식이 약 74%, 중산층 귀속의식이 약 20%로 나타나, 과거 다른 조사에 비해 다소 낮았다. 중산층 귀속 여부를 종속변수, 객관적 지표 및 주관적 지표를 독립변수로 한 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 중산층 귀속의식은 주택 소유 변수에 의해 매우 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 소득, 교육, 직업 등의 객관적 지표보다는 소득수준과 재산정도에 관한 주관적 평가가 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 사회적 양극화를 극복하고 균형있는 사회를 만들기 위해서는 중산층 규모 확대와 더불어 상대적 박탈감 해소 노력이 요구된다. 그런데 최근 한국사회는 중산층의 확대와 계층 양극화가 동시에 진행되는 것으로 보인다. 이러한 계층의 양극화는 객관적인 조건의 변화보다는 주관적인 인식의 변화를 보여주는 것으로, 중산층에 대한 인식의 기준이 상승하는 동시에 다른 사람이나 집단에 비해 자신이 더 나아지지 못했다는 상대적 박탈감이 작용한 결과로 보인다. 본 연구에 따르면 이러한 양극화의 해소를 위해서는 주택문제의 해결과 아울러 소득 및 재산과 관련하여 사람들이 느끼는 상대적인 박탈감의 해소가 주요한 과제이다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore socio-economic factors as determinants of food behavior and self-evaluation on meeting dietary guidelines. The data were derived from the KNHANES collected in 2007. A multidimensional framework of the determinants of food behavior was used, including age, gender, region, occupation, education, income and nutritional knowledge. The determinants of food behavior and self-evaluation were estimated by ordered logistic regression models. Food behavior was measured by dietary diversity scores including six food groups, which were cereals, vegetables, meats, fruits, milk, and oils. Self-evaluation on meeting dietary guidelines was based on responses from questionnaires for implementing Korean dietary guidelines. In general, the respondents who fulfilled all criteria were few. There were some differences between dietary diversity scores and self-evaluation on meeting dietary guidelines. Age, gender, and educational level showed effect on food behavior and self-evaluation. For dietary diversity scores, the individuals who were younger male, graduated from college were more likely to consume more various foods. The individuals who were older female, graduated from high school were more likely to meet dietary guidelines. Occupation was associated only with self-evaluation. Age and gender were associated with food behavior as well as self-evaluation. Income and marital status were associated only with dietary diversity scores. Reading food label and occupation were associated only with self-evaluation. The food behavior of married individuals was less in line with the dietary diversity scores than singles. In conclusion the differences between objective measure and subjective measure on individuals' diet showed more efforts like segmented nutritional education would be needed to increase the quality of dietary life.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2006

This study was conducted as a survey to find out middle-aged persons's housing preferences for a future elderly housing and to grasp background characteristics of persons influencing the preferences and the effect of elderly's aging situations on the changes of their preferences. A sample of 300 middle-aged people was selected purposely from parents of university students living in Gwang-ju city. Questionnaires were administered to parents by students and analysed with SPSS Windows 10 program. Middle-aged persons's housing preferences were differed according to elderly's aging situations, in the case of healthy situation, they tended to prefer to stay present house without their children in irrespective to couple or single, whereas in the case of unhealthy situation, they tended to prefer to live with their children. and couples showed preferences for planned housing for the elderly and singles showed preferences for elderly housing facilities with care services. The most important characteristics of elderly housing among middle-aged people was a places where they can enjoy leisure and provide home-help services, located in the suburbs. Also middle-aged persons were likely to prefer to a green spaces such as garden, path for walking, and madang for the elderly housing. Needs for community care services (NCCS) were required above the average. Among the items of NCCS, a visiting medical examination was the most demanding, and a visiting nursing services, a emergency calling bell, and home repairs were sequently followed in the level of needs. The characteristics of the elderly housing which preferred to and needs for community care services were influenced by middle-aged persons's age, gender, subjective evaluation of economic abilities, tenure status, the cost of living, and the size of housing. This findings suggests that it must to be considered to develop various types of the elderly housing depending on socioeconomic status.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.665-676
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• 2021

노후 건축물의 수가 증가함에 따라, 건물의 안전진단, 유지 보수에 대한 중요성이 증가하고 있다. 기존 외관 조사는 점검자의 주관적인 판단이 수반되어 평가 결과가 다르고 객관성과 신뢰성이 떨어진다. 따라서 본 연구는 기존 연구를 통해 기실시된 외관 조사 및 상태 평가 프로세스의 한계를 제시하였으며, UAV, Laser Scanner를 통해 3D Point Cloud 데이터를 수집하였다. 또한, Reverse Engineering 기술을 이용하여 3D 모델을 생성한 후 객관적인 상태평가 데이터를 취득하였다. 이후 기존의 정밀검사 데이터와 정밀 안전진단 데이터를 활용하여 DNN 구조를 생성하고, 고정밀도 측정 장치를 이용하여 얻은 상태평가 데이터를 적용하여 객관적인 건물안전등급을 산출하였다. 자동화된 프로세스는 20개의 노후된 건축물에 적용되며 동일 면적 건축물 기준 수작업으로 실시되는 안전진단의 시간에 비해 약 50% 감소하였다. 이후 본 연구에서는 안전등급 결과값과 기존값을 비교하여 안전등급 산출과정의 정확성을 검증하고 약 90%의 높은 정확도를 가진 DNN을 구축하였다. 이는 향후 노후 건물의 안전등급 산정의 신뢰성이 향상되고 비용과 시간을 절약해 경제성이 향상될 것으로 기대된다.