• Title/Summary/Keyword: Subjective Economic Status

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A Study on Effects of Regional Income Level on Subjective Income Status, and impact on Subjective Well-being - Focused on Reference Group Effects - (지역의 소득수준이 계층인식 불일치와 삶의 만족감에 미치는 영향 - 준거집단효과를 중심으로 -)

  • Ahn, Ah-Rim;Ma, Kang-Rae
    • Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.19-31
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    • 2019
  • There have been a growing number of studies that show huge discrepancies between individuals' perceptions of relative economic position and the economic position based on the reported income in the survey. If this is the case, it is expected that the impact of perceived income status on individual happiness can be different from that of objective income status based on the reported income. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the discrepancies between perception and reality with respect to relative income status, focusing on the 'Reference group theory'. This study also tries to extend existing knowledge of the relative status on the happiness level of individuals, by examining how individual's happiness can be changed by providing the accurate information about their objective income level. There are systematic biases in perceived income status. A majority of people who actually rank in the lower part of income ladder place themselves in higher positions, while a significant portion of rich individuals underestimate their actual income status. Secondly, the misperception about the income distribution is affected by a variety of individual, household characteristics and reference group income. Thirdly, providing individuals with accurate information has a considerable effect on their happiness level.

Relationship of Family Strengths, Family Function, Ego-Identity and Depression in Adolescence (청소년이 지각한 가족 건강성, 가족 기능, 자아정체감과 우울과의 관계)

  • Bae, Kyung-Eui;Kim, Eun-Ha
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.357-366
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to survey and examine the relationship of family strengths, family function, ego-identity and depression in adolescence in Busan, and to provide basic data for a health promoting intervention to improve their family health. Method: Data were collected from four colleges in Busan and, 680 students were enrolled in the study. Descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA with Scheffe's test and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean score for family strengths was 3.58, family function 4.31, ego-identity 55.4 and depression 17.9. The scores for family strengths differed significantly according to subjective social economic state and father's job, parent's religion, parent's marital status and family composition. The scores for family function differed significantly according to parent's religion, parent's marital status and subjective social economic state. The scores for ego-identity differed according to mother's education level, parent's religion, parent's marital status and family composition. There were a positive correlations between family strengths and family function, between family strengths and ego-identity, between family function and ego-identity. There were negative correlations between family strengths and depression, between family function and depression, between ego-identity and depression. Conclusion: In order to promote ego-identity and to decrease depression in adolescence, it is necessary to develop supporting interventions to develop family strengths.

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Differences in the burden of disease of the elderly by socioeconomic status (노인의 사회계층간 질병부담격차)

  • Lee, Chae-Eun;Kwon, Soon-Man
    • Health Policy and Management
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.1-22
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    • 2008
  • Burden of disease analysis provides a unique perspective on health by integrating fatal and non-fatal outcomes, yet allows the outcome of two classes to be examined separately. Although many studies have shown the inequality in health outcomes across socioeconomic status (SES), an analysis and comparison of Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) between different socioeconomic groups has been rare. This paper calculates the DALY and analyzes the distribution of DALYs for different SES. This study draws from 3,278 cases from the survey on "The Livelihood and Welfare Needs of the Elderly (2004)". It first provides a comprehensive assessment of the burden of 10 chronic diseases of the elderly based on DALY. Then this paper analyzes inequalities in the burden of disease by the levels of SES such as education, income, family size, occupation, and subjective economic conditions. For the elderly, the burden of disease is the highest for hypertension, arthritis and cancer. DALY rate per 1,000 people for the most socio-economically disadvantaged group is expressed as a multiple of the standardized rate for the least disadvantaged group (Rate Ratios). Family size is strongly related to. the difference in the burden of disease between SES groups, and the elderly Who live alone have higher DALY rate than those who live with their family. Other significant variables related to SES groups include subjective economic conditions, occupation, elderly income, and household income.

Economic well-being and life satisfaction by the comparison of couple's income (부부의 소득수준 비교에 따른 가계경제복지 및 삶 만족)

  • Huh, Kyung-Ok
    • Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.441-451
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    • 2004
  • This study categorized the households into four by the comparison of wives' and husbands' earned income, such as one with higher wives' income than husbands' in dual-earner households, with higher wives' income than husbands' in household with unemployed husbands, with lower wives' income than husbands' in dual-earner households, and with lower wives' income than husbands' in household with unemployed wives. This study compared and analyzed the objective and subjective economic well-being, and overall satisfaction of life in those households. Major results are below. First, the amount of expenditures, saving, debt were low in one-earner household with employed husbands, but average propensity to expenditure was high in those households. The amount of saving was low in one-earner households with unemployed husbands, but the average propensity to expenditure and debt were high, resulting in the low status of economic well-being. The amount of saving and monetary assets were high, but average propensity to expenditure and debt were low in households in which wives had higher income than husbands, resulting in the high status of economic well-being. Second, husbands' satisfaction for the level of family income was not different among four groups of households. Wives's satisfaction for those was the lowest when wives' income was higher than husbands', but the highest in households with unemployed wives. Wives' and husbands' expectations for the future economic well-being of the households were negative in households with unemployed husbands. On the other hand, the level of satisfaction of wives and husbands for their life was not different among four groups of households. Finally, four groups of households were discriminated by age of husbands, number of children, debt, and wives' expectation for the future economic well-being.

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Psycho-Social Determinants of Subjective Well-being and Physical Health of a Retired Elders in Korea: A Longitudinal Study on the occupational classification (은퇴 노인의 주관안녕과 신체건강에 영향을 미치는 요인들: 은퇴전 직종에 따른 종단 연구)

  • Kun-Seok Park
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.291-318
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study was to find out the impact of psycho-social factors (social relationship and personal) as well as illness history and economic status on physical health and subjective well-being among the retired Koreans elderly. Data were collected from 1,315 elders (mean age = 72.70yrs) residing in Seoul and Chuncheon regional area via interviews(Time 1), and them were re-interviewed two year later(Time 2). Multiple regression analyses indicated that the retired elders' illness history, economic status, marital satisfaction, fulfillment of self-esteem need, drinking behavior, positive affectivity, negative affectivity and physical health to predict their subjective well-being at Time 1(R2=.705). The retired elders' economic status, marital satisfaction, positive affectivity, negative affectivity and physical health to predict their subjective well-being at Time 2(R2=.418). The retired elders' illness history, economic status, expectations for one's offspring, drinking behavior and subjective well-being to predict their physical health at Time 1(R2=.364). And the retired elders' illness history, economic status, marital satisfaction, positive affectivity and negative affectivity to predict their physical health at Time 2(R2=.265). In case of retired elderly, suggested for the psycho-social determenants of subjective well-being and physical health by occupational classification. The implications of this study and the suggestions for furture study were discussed.

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Changes in Adolescent Health Behavior and the Exacerbation of Economic Hardship During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study From the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey

  • Chaeeun Kim;Haeun Lee;Kyunghee Jung-Choi;Hyesook Park
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.57 no.1
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    • pp.18-27
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    • 2024
  • Objectives: This study investigated the association between exacerbated economic hardship during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and changes in the health behaviors of Korean adolescents. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey and included 44 908 students (22 823 boys and 22 085 girls) as study subjects. The dependent variables included changes in health behaviors (breakfast habits, physical activity, and alcohol use) that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aggravation of economic hardship by COVID-19 and the subjective economic status of the family were used as exposure variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was utilized to calculate the prevalence odds ratios (PORs). Results: Severe exacerbation of a family's economic hardship due to COVID-19 was negatively associated with the health behaviors of adolescents, including increased breakfast skipping (POR, 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55 to 2.21 for boys and POR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.92 for girls) and decreased physical activity (POR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.57 for boys and POR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.60 for girls). These negative changes in health behaviors were further amplified when combined with a low subjective family economic status. Conclusions: The experience of worsening household hardship can lead to negative changes in health behavior among adolescents. It is crucial to implement measures that address the economic challenges that arise from stressful events such as COVID-19 and to strive to improve the lifestyles of adolescents under such circumstances.

The Effects of Social Activity and Leisure Activity on Life Satisfaction of the Rural Elderly (농촌노인의 사회활동 및 여가활동이 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeon, Myeong-Soo
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.14 no.9
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    • pp.298-310
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among social activity, leisure activity and the level of life satisfaction of the rural elderly. 324 data was collected using structured questionnaires from the rural elderly aged 60 plus. The result of this study were as follows. First, the health and economic status of the demographic characteristics affect the level of life satisfaction of the rural elderly. Second, the economic, religious, and participation in community activity had a positive effect on the overall satisfaction level of the rural elderly life. The religious, participation in community activity. affect on the subjective satisfaction level of health positively. And the economic activity had a positive effect on the subjective satisfaction of economic. Third, the hobby and social life activity had a positive effects on the overall satisfaction of life. The hobby, social life and pastime activities had a positive on the subjective satisfaction level of health. And the hobby and social life activities affected on the subjective satisfaction of economic positively.

The Factors Affecting Early Retired Men's Subjective Life Satisfaction (조기은퇴남성의 주관적 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향요인 분석)

  • Kim, Ji-Kyung;Song, Hyun-Ju
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.31-43
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    • 2009
  • Using the first wave of KLoSA(Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing) beta version, this study analyzed factors affecting early retired men's subjective life satisfaction through Binary Logit and Multiple Regression. Total 552 men were selected as a sample. The main results of empirical analysis in this study were as follows: The retirement reason(health-) and monthly household income(+) affected whether they were satisfied with the retirement life or not and subjective life satisfaction over all. Especially, the retirement reason(health-) had a stronger effect on whether early retired min were satisfied with the retirement life or not and their subjective life satisfaction than monthly household income revealed significant variable in previous studies. This result represents that the retiree's life satisfaction analysis model must include retiree's characteristics at the time of retirement as well as retiree's current status characteristics or socio-economic characteristics.

Comparisons of personal characteristics in noninstitutionalized elders with activity limitations (기능장애 노인의 도우미 유무에 따른 특성 비교)

  • Kim Jung-Hee
    • Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.25-40
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    • 1999
  • This study was to identify various personal characteristics between those having a helper and those not having a helper for ADL and IADL performance in noninstitutionalized elders. Secondary analysis was done with the data collected in 1994 national survey of aged householders. Of the elders with ADL limitations $47.8\%$ had no helper. while $26.2\%$ of those with IADL limitations had no helper. Those elders with a helper experienced more limitations in ADL and in IADL than those with no helper. Most of the helpers were family members. whereas very few had a formal helper. Age period and subjective economic status were significantly different between the groups with a helper and with no helper for both ADL and IADL. Compared to the elders with a helper. those elders with no helper had fewer children living together. whereas they had more grandchildren. They also had more contacts with friends or neighbors. Health status. in general. was worse in those elders with a helper than those with no helper. Logistic regression analysis revealed that ADL and IADL limitations had largest influence on having an ADL helper. The odds ratios for low levels of subjective economic status were very high. As for having an IADL helper. IADL score was the most important predictor. In particular. ADL limitations had a negative effect on having an IADL helper. This finding may indicate the urgency of ADL needs. which leads to the lack of an IADL helper when both ADL and IADL limitations are present. Considering the nature of ADL. those disabled elders with low economic status need public support for their daily activities and for home visiting nursing services. There should be studies of examining the adequacy of help in satisfying basic needs for performing ADL and IADL in elders.

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A Comparative Analysis on Objective Evaluation and Subjective Perception of Household Economic Structure for Commuting and Non-Commuting Couples (주말부부 가계와 비주말부부 가계의 객관적, 주관적 경제구조분석 및 비교연구)

  • 허경옥
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.201-212
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    • 2003
  • This study analyzed the objective indicators of household economic structures, such as income, expenditure, and debts, as well as a subjective evaluation of economic standards, and compared the households of commuting couples (so called Weekend couples) with those of non-commuting couples. Findings of this study are as follows. First, both husbands and wives in commuter marriages had a higher level of education, were younger, had poorer health, and had shorter working hours than the couples in non-commuter marriages. Second, commuting couples had a significantly higher income than non-commuting couples. In addition, commuting couples had a greater amount of savings, had a higher cost of living, and lower debts than non-commuting couples. Third, commuting couples evaluated their status of household economy more negatively than non-commuting couples. Despite the fact that the commuting couples were more affluent in terms of the objective indicators, including income, savings, and assets, their level of health and psychological well-being were compromised. Lastly, factors determining commuter marriages were the number of years the husband has spent in his job, and the husband's level of education. The shorter the tenure of the husband's job, and the higher the level of husband's education, the more likely the couple was in a commuter marriage.