• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.167-177
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• 2022

In this manuscript, we handle a tubular surface whose Gauss map G satisfies the equality L₁G = f(G + C) for the Cheng-Yau operator L₁ in Galilean 3-space 𝔾₃. We give an example of a tubular surface having L₁-harmonic Gauss map. Moreover, we obtain a complete classification of tubular surface having L₁-pointwise 1-type Gauss map of the first kind in 𝔾₃ and we give some visualizations of this type surface.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.355-362
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• 2020

The corrosion behavior of the Inconel X-750 alloy was investigated for its potential application under a Cl₂-O₂ mixed gas flow in an Ar atmosphere. The corrosion rate was found to be negligible at temperatures up to 400℃ under a flow rate of 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 170 mL·min^-1 Ar, whereas an exponential increase was observed in the corrosion rate at temperatures greater than 500℃. The suppression of the corrosion reaction due to the presence of O₂ was verified experimentally at flow rates of 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ (4.96 g·m^-2·h^-1), 20 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 10 mL·min^-1 O₂ (2.02 g·m^-2 ·h^-1), and 10 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 20 mL·min^-1 O₂ (1.34 g·m^-2·h^-1) under a constant Ar flow rate of 170 mL·min^-1 at 600℃ for 8 h. The surface morphology analysis results revealed that porous surfaces with tunnel-type holes were produced under the Cl₂-O₂ mixed-gas condition. Furthermore, the effects of the Cl₂ flow rate on the corrosion rate were investigated, indicating that its impact was negligible within the range of 5-30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ at 600℃.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.227-230
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• 2016

Zn_xMn_3-xO₄ (0.95≤x≤1.20) specimens were prepared using a conventional solid state reaction method. All specimens were sintered in air at 1,200℃ for 12 h, cooled at a rate of 2℃/min to 800℃, and subsequently quenched to room temperature. We investigated the electrical properties of Zn_xMn_3-xO₄ specimens with various amounts of ZnO for use as IR detectors. At a composition of x≥1.15, the ZnO phase precipitates beside the spinel structure. The electrical resistivity at room temperature, activation energy, responsivity, and detectivity of a Zn_1.10Mn_1.90O₄ specimen are 653.2 kΩ-cm, 0.392 eV, 0.016 V/W, and 7.52×10³ cmHz^1/2/W, respectively.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.40 no.5_6
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• pp.1181-1198
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• 2022

In this paper we are concerned with the number of fuzzy subgroups of a finite abelian p-group ℤ_p^m × ℤ_pⁿ × ℤ_p^ℓ of rank three with order p^m+n+ℓ. We obtain a recurrence relation for the number of fuzzy subgroups of a finite abelian p-group ℤ_p^m × ℤ_pⁿ × ℤ_p^ℓ. In order to show that using this recurrence relation, one can find explicit formulas for the number of fuzzy subgroups of ℤ_p^m × ℤ_pⁿ × ℤ_p^ℓ consecutively, we give explicit formulas for the number of fuzzy subgroups of ℤ_p^m × ℤ_pⁿ × ℤ_p^ℓ where (n, ℓ) = (1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1), (2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2), (5, 2).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.614-621
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• 2008

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2024

Nanorod graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) was synthesized by reacting melamine (C₃H₆N₆) with trithiocyanuric acid (C₃H₃N₃S₃) in distilled water for 10 h at room temperature. The resulting mixture was calcined at 550℃ for 2 h in an electric furnace under an air atmosphere. Nanorod g-C₃N₄/Ag₃PO₄ composites were prepared by adding nanorod graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) powder, silver nitrate (AgNO₃), ammonia (NH₃·H₂O, 25.0-30.0%), and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na₃HPO₄) to distilled water. The samples were characterized via X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities of the nanorod g-C₃N₄/Ag₃PO₄ composites were demonstrated via the degradation of organic dyes, such as methylene blue and methyl orange, under blue light-emitting diode irradiation and evaluated using UV-vis spectrophotometry.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.871-871
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• 1997

(1-x)CaTiO/sub 3/-xLa(Zn/sub 1/2/Ti/sub 1/2/)O/sub 3/의 마이크로 유전특성을 조사하였다. x가 증가함에 따라 비유전율과 공진주파수의 온도계수는 감소하였으며, Qㆍf/sub 0/는 증가하였다. 그 결과 x=0.5인 (Ca/sub 0.5/La/sub 0.5/)(Ti/sub 0.75/Zn/sub 0.25/)O/sub 3/의 조성에서 ε/sub r/=51, Qㆍf/sub 0/=38,000 (at 7 GHz), τ/sub f/=+5ppm/℃의 유전특성이 나타났다. (Ca/sub 0.5/La/sub 0.5/)(Ti/sub 0.75/Zn/sub 0.25/) O/sub 3/조성의 소결온도를 저하시키기 위하여 Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/를 주조성으로한 소결체를 첨가하여 소결 및 유전특성을 조사하였다. 1wt% 0.76Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/-0.24NiO가 첨가된 경우 소결온도는 150℃ 낮아졌으며, 비유전율 (ε/sub r/), 공진주파수의 온도계수(τ/sub f), Qㆍf/sub 0/가 각각 50+5ppm/℃, 35,000인 마이크로파 유전특성이 얻어졌다. 또한 3wt%의 0.76Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/-0.24NiO가 첨가된 경우 소결온도는 200℃ 저하되었고, 비유전율 (ε/sub r/)과 공진주파수의 온도계수 (τ/sub f)는 변하기 않았으나, Qㆍf/sub 0/값이 38,000에서 25,000으로 저하되었다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.446-454
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• 2022

Objective: To evaluate whether hyperoxia-induced ΔR₁ (hyperO₂ΔR₁) can accurately identify histological infarction in an acute cerebral stroke model. Materials and Methods: In 18 rats, MRI parameters, including hyperO₂ΔR₁, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), cerebral blood flow and volume, and ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on PET were measured 2.5, 4.5, and 6.5 hours after a 60-minutes occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. Histological examination of the brain was performed immediately following the imaging studies. MRI and PET images were co-registered with digitized histological images. The ipsilateral hemisphere was divided into histological infarct (histological cell death), non-infarct ischemic (no cell death but ADC decrease), and nonischemic (no cell death or ADC decrease) areas for comparisons of imaging parameters. The levels of hyperO₂ΔR₁ and ADC were measured voxel-wise from the infarct core to the non-ischemic region. The correlation between areas of hyperO₂ΔR₁-derived infarction and histological cell death was evaluated. Results: HyperO₂ΔR₁ increased only in the infarct area (p ≤ 0.046) compared to the other areas. ADC decreased stepwise from non-ischemic to infarct areas (p = 0.002 at all time points). The other parameters did not show consistent differences among the three areas across the three time points. HyperO₂ΔR₁ sharply declined from the core to the border of the infarct areas, whereas there was no change within the non-infarct areas. A hyperO₂ΔR₁ value of 0.04 s^-1 was considered the criterion to identify histological infarction. ADC increased gradually from the infarct core to the periphery, without a pronounced difference at the border between the infarct and non-infarct areas. Areas of hyperO₂ΔR₁ higher than 0.04 s^-1 on MRI were strongly positively correlated with histological cell death (r = 0.862; p < 0.001). Conclusion: HyperO₂ΔR₁ may be used as an accurate and early (2.5 hours after onset) indicator of histological infarction in acute stroke.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.601-612
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the appropriate sowing method and mixture seeding rate on germination of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). The experimental design includes two sowing methods and six mixed seeding per each method: BT₁:BP₀ (broadcast seeding; B, Trifolium repens; T, Poa pratensis; P), BT₁:BP₂, BT₁:BP₃, BT₃:BT₁, BT₂:BP₁, BT₀:BP₁ and ST₁:SP₀ (spot seeding; S), ST₁:SP₂, ST₁:SP₃, ST₃:ST₁, ST₂:SP₁, ST₀:SP₁. The germination was the highest for both species when the seeding rate was higher than other species. In overall, the germination of white clover was higher and faster than Kentucky bluegrass. Two plots, BT₂:BP₁, ST₁:ST₂, were retained the balanced proportion of the germination rate. Therefore, It was suggested, for maintaining the balanced field, it is better to seed white clover twice Kentucky bluegrass on broadcast seeding and Kentucky bluegrass twice white clover on spot seeding. In regard of sowing method, broadcast seeding is better than spot seeding in terms of increasing the germination. It is necessary to supplement the result for real application by long-term monitoring.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.775-782
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• 2003

In the study, the total conductivies in [(Ce $O_2$)$_{1-x}$ (Zr $O_2$)$_{x}$]$_{0.8}$(Sm $O_{1.5}$)$_{0.2}$ (x- 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) solid solution were measured as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure between 80$0^{\circ}C$ and 1,00$0^{\circ}C$ using 4-probe d.c method. Under pure oxygen atmospere, the oxygen ionic conductivity of [(Ce $O_2$)$_{1-x}$ (Zr $O_2$)$_{x}$]$_{0.8}$(Sm $O_{1.5}$)$_{0.2}$ decreased with the concentration of Zr $O_2$At high oxygen partial pressure, the electrical conductivity is almost independent of oxygen partial pressure and decreased with the increase in Zr content. However, the electrical conductivity increase with decreasing oxygen partial pressure and is almost independent of Zr content at low oxygen partial pressure. Empirically, Total conductivity( $\sigma$ ) was expressed by the p$o_{2}$ -independent conductivity as $\sigma$$_{i}$, and the $p_{-1/4}$ $o_{2}$sup -dependent part as $\sigma$$_{e}$. Total, ionic and electronic conductivities fitted by data enabled to determine the transference number. The ionic transference number( $t_{i}$ ) decreased while the electronic transference( $t_{e}$ ) increase with the increase in Zr content and p$o_{2}$.