• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.99-111
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• 2023

Purpose : Although quantitative research on alcohol consumption among nursing students is important, qualitative research is needed to determine the subjective views of individual students, such as their feelings and thoughts, and ensure the implementation of a targeted alcohol intervention program. Q-methodology is a systematic approach that examines the subjective perspectives of individuals, including their views, beliefs, and attitudes, enabling understanding of the types and characteristics according to the individual's subjectivity structure. This study examined the subjective perceptions of drinking among freshmen in nursing college using Q methodology. Methods : Q-sorting was conducted, collecting 38 P samples and 40 statements. The data were analyzed using the PC QUANL program. The principal component factor analysis method was used for Q-factor analysis. Results : The results identified four types of drinking perceptions among freshmen in nursing college. Type 1 was "safety and health pursuit," type 2 was "friendship pursuit," type 3 was "'norm-oriented," and type 4 was "sound manners." When looking at the subjective perceptions of drinking among freshmen in nursing college, there was a common opinion that drinking should not be forced and that it is an individual choice. However, the difference in views (positive and negative) of drinking shows the need for customized educational programs and interventions suitable for each type. Conclusion : Nursing freshmen should be prepared to play an important role in health care as an educational role and model in preventing damage from drinking and maintaining health promotion throughout their life by habituating proper drinking behavior during college life. In addition, it is necessary to develop a plan to increase positive awareness of drinking among nursing students through various strategic programs that can participate in sobriety prevention programs within the university.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.73-81
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the recognition of 20s~30s' young people in marathon activities using Q methodology. P-sample was composed of 30 young marathoners. The selected Q samples were arranged in the normal distribution form. The collected data were analyzed by factor analysis through varimax rotation using QUANL 1.2PC program. Three distinct were emerged throughout the analysis: the first type is 'the type of giving special meaning.' which is improving their physical fitness, healthy and enjoying runner's high. The second type is 'the enjoying leisure' which is releasing stress and enjoying their common interest.' The last type is 'the type of enjoying crew activity.' which is enjoying marathon festival and managed their healthy and life. This result hints that young marathoners' sports culture trends.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.572-584
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to identify the female nurses' perception of the types and characteristics of male nurses using Q-methodology, which can explore human subjectivity. The 35 selected Q-statements from each of 35 subjects were classified into a normal distribution using a 9 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using the PC-QUANL program. Principal Component Analysis identified 3 types of perception toward male nurses. Type 1 was classified as 'development-oriented support type', Type 2 was classified as 'realistic critical type', and Type 3 was classified as 'conservative acceptance type'. The consensus of opinion in each type was 'Male nurses are under stress due to the unique characteristics of a female-dominated workplace'. These results will contribute to the perception improvement of female nurses toward male nurses by developing arbitration programs based on the three types.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.271-286
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• 2000

This study is designed to investigate what elders think about the meaning of aging. We have used Q-methods to identify meaning of aging from elders, and developed self-referenced surveys to analyze characteristics In this study, we used a non-structured method to select Q sampling. From 183 Q populations, we selected 36 Q sampling. A total of 32 persons sixty-years or older were randomly selected for P samples, When the Q-sorting was complete, we interviewed the participants at both end of the extremes(agree or disagree), and documented their responses. We used PC QUANL to process the data and used principal component analysis for Q factor analysis. There were five subjective types for the meaning of aging by elders. Of the 32 P-samples of elders, 11 were identified as Type 1, 7 as Type 2, 2 as Type 3, 8 as Type 4, and 4 as Type 5. Type 1 : 'Matured elders' Elders wished the well being of their children, thought older persons should maintain good health, worried about becoming senile, and dependent God believing in life after death. Type 2 : 'Assertive-Rights' Elders categorized as Assertive-Rights insisted on their rights to life as a person. Type 2 elders characterized themselves as people who should keep themselves healthy, become weak and lack sexual desires, act selfish like a child, need to be protected, and be financially independent. Type 3 : 'Passive-Dependents' Elders characterize themselves as those who pray for their children's well being, worry about the children even after their death. and becoming senile. Type 4 : 'Hopeless' The 'Hopeless' type of elders characterized aging as a time to pray for their children, insignificant beings, thoughts were selfish and child-like, poor, worried about going senile, regret their life overall, and preferred to die than to live as an old person. Type 5 : 'Attached-Present' The 'Attached-Present' type of elders thought elderly characterized themselves as acting selfish and child-like, wiser, anxious, regret their life, stand aloof of greed and worldly things, being a model for the society, and deserving to be treated with filial respect. Thus far, Korean elders seemed to have a positive and negative meaning of aging due to the current changes in the society, value system, and family structures. The above five subjective meanings of aging confirm that we need to approach and nurse the elderly differently. Years of aging are a part of and a natural process of life with various physical, psychological, and sociological changes. Nurses need to assist elderly to find the positive meaning of their life by providing appropriate physical, psychological, and social support at an earlier stage in nursing. Based on this study, we could derive the following two implication from the perspectives of science of nursing to care for elders. 1) Based on the studies investigating the type of meaning of aging, we could develop tools to assist in nursing intervention programs for elderly. 2) Based on research on the meaning of aging for different developmental stages of life, we could develop a model for roles for different family members in nursing and caring for the elders.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.119-135
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• 2007

This study attempted to explore what are the benefits that online game consumers seek in their on-line game consumption. Nowadays many on-line game consumers are extremely absorbed in the on-line game. The purpose of this study was to find the benefits that make people enjoy on-line games enthusiastically based on the Q methodology. Q methodology is a way to understand a person's structure of subjectivity. This study applied Q methodology to clarifying consumers' subjective evaluation of the on-line game benefit s. 28 Q questions were prepared through literature review, and were offered to 30 consumers. The subjects were divided into the four types seeking different benefits with on-line games: communication, enjoyment, achievement, and escapism. The results suggested that the benefits of on-line game are beyond the general characteristics of the game including human network or achievement in the on-line game community.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.122-138
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• 2008

A pixel-based approach to urban quality of life assessment can be regarded as a spatial decision problem under the condition of complexity because it searches the urban space for evidence of hot spots of quality of life based on multiple and differentially weighted evaluation criteria. Such an assessment involves inappropriate scaling of several incommensurate criteria, much unstructured subjectivity in the decision maker's judgment, and the large data handling in a raster GIS environment. There is a need for identifying alternative approaches to tackle the ill-structured problem in urban quality of life assessment. In this context, this research proposes and implements a spatial multicriteria analysis approach to evaluate urban quality of life in a raster GIS environment. The implementation of this methodology is illustrated with a case study of the Atlanta metropolitan area. Results indicate that the proposed methodology may provide an alternative approach for evaluating the quality of life in an urban environment.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.237-247
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• 2020

Purpose: The study aimed to explore the stress experience of nursing college students. Methods: A Q-methodology to analyze the subjectivity of each item was used. 57 statements were derived from a literature review and interviews. 40 nursing college students were classified into a shape of normal distribution using a 13-point scale. Collected data were analyzed by the PC QUANL program. Results: Four types have been identified for the stress experience of nursing college students. Type I was "curriculum burden", Type II was "goal-oriented", Type III was "outsider frustration" and Type IV was "growth stagnation" Conclusion: These results can be useful for developing education programs based on the type of stress in nursing college students.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1994

In this paper, the application of the rock classification method based on indicator kriging and the cost of errors, which can incorporate qualitative data, was presented. In particular, the binary classification of rock masses was considered. To this end, a simplified RMR system was used. Since most of subjectivity in this analysis occur during the estimation of loss functions, a sensitivity analysis of loss functions was performed. Through this research, it was found out that an expected cost of errors could successfully be used as an indication for how well a sampling plan was designed. In certain conditions, qualitative data can be more economical than quantitative data in terms of expected costs of errors and sampling costs. Therefore, an additional sampling should be carefully determined depending upon the surrounding geologic conditions and its sampling cost. The application method shown in this paper can be useful for more systematic rock classifications.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1975

In this study, warmth and cold-indices were calculated from the climatic records for 30 year from 1931 to 1960 observed at the 80 weather stations as illustrated in Table 1 and Figs. 4 and 5. Iso-warmth index and iso-cold index lines were carefully tracked. However, subjectivity might be involved in this delimitation. The well recognized phenomena of phenology, the natural distribution of specified tree species and potentially cultivable zones of some species of economic importance were discussed with regard to these indices. It is seemed that the forest zones of Korea accepted commonly by foresters and researchers were more rationally matched with the cold indices rather than warmth indices. The forest improvement works by introduction, planting works and other related fields could be refered to these data.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.128-139
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• 2020

This study is a recognition type study on the usefulness of the field-practice program conducted by departments related to eating out and cooking. The purpose of this study is to derive the common types found among students who have experienced on-the-job training in special cases where the completion of on-the-job training programs, such as the Department of Culinary Arts and Engineering, are designated as graduation requirements and major required courses. By analyzing, we will explore and analyze the factors and issues that can affect the program participation process. As a result of recognition type analysis, a total of four types were derived, and each type was named according to its specificity as follows. Type 1 (N = 8): Sense of Purpose Setting type, Type 2 (N = 8): Interaction Skill Acquisition Types, Type 3 (N = 6): Major Practice Education Enlargement Type, Type 4 (N = 6): The Field Adaptability Improvement Type was analyzed for each unique feature type. Based on the results, it is suggested that efforts to systematize the field practice regulations, improve the government's field practice system plans, and discover new industries to provide opportunities for cultivating practical skills by supplementing the problems of the field practice regulations.