• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.63-83
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate food involvement, dietary behavior and relationship according to the levels of nutrition knowledge. Data in this research was obtained by using the questionnaire which was given out to 528 subjects(boys 182, girls 346) in Naju city area. The awareness of dietary behavior of middle school students put the first priority on breakfast from among 3 meals a day, and they selected 'taste' as the most important criterion. The majority and above of subjects responded that they had ever delivered food at least more than 1 or 2 times a week. This research found that middle school students are tends to regard themselves as being rather close to obesity or fatness. Subjects were also aware that they have some problems with a unbalanced eating habbit and irregular timing of having meals, and more than 40% of the subjects responded that they obtain the most of information about food & dietary behavior through television. Significant difference was found in the food involvement with related variables such as sex, grade, the academic background of mother, self-perception of weight, the way of weight control, perception of problems requiring improvement. Dietary behavior related with variables showed significant difference. Variables are grade, perception of meal importance, selecting standard of food, method of weight control, improvement of eating habits. Dietary behavior is found highly relative with food involvement. Dietary behavior is found highly relative with food involvement. In conclusion, suggestions that could bring motivation to improvement is more essential to the nutrition education rather than knowledge oriented education.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.19 no.2 s.64
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2006

E-mail has indeed developed from 'a means of instant communication' to an indispensable part of online marketing. Therefore, companies need to implement consistent customer management. Communication with customers and marketing through e-mail is a powerful way of communication and adapting one-to-one marketing strategies to customer trends, habits and taste preferences. Since setting accurate targets is especially important in the fashion industry, e-mail marketing is the most effective way to communicate with customers and one-to-one marketing constitutes a very important strategy. In this study, I will analyze this powerful one-on-one marketing tool, particularly actual e-mail messages sent by an Internet Shopping Mall from June 12 to July 30, 2005, examine the effect of these messages on sales growth and analyze actual feedback received. Regarding e-mail read rates broken down by age and gender, 1 found that females in their late twenties recorded the highest rate at 21.66% and their contribution to sales growth was recorded at 3.5% From actual sales records, found that 28.10% of total sales were attributable to people in their late twenties, showing that the age group that reads e-mails the most also buys the most. Regarding feedback by e-mail title, e-mails from the 'Casual' category seemed to be the most effective, in that most of these e-mails were read. Also, messages sent on Tuesdays were read the most, according to the feedback analysis by weekday. Section e-mails were read more often than regular e-mails. Regarding the view rate according to the time e-mails were sent, messages sent to females in their late twenties at two o'clock in the afternoon were read by 20.93% of recipients, recording the highest read rate. By offering informative content and practical tips, visitors will be attracted to the site and generate site traffic. Therefore, we can conclude that sending e-mail messages can greatly contribute to sales growth and e-mail marketing is very effective. Also, in order to make e-mail campaigns more effective and improve marketing results, we need to analyze actual results and apply our findings in future e-mail campaigns. With this, we get successful marketing results.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.130-134
• /
• 2006

Objectives : Oxidative DNA damage is a known risk factor of lung cancer. The glutathione peroxidase (GPX) antioxidant enzyme that reduces hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides plays a significant role in protecting cells from the oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate effects of oxidative stress and genetic polymorphisms of the GPX1 genes and the interaction between them in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer. Methods : Two hundreds patients with lung cancer and 200 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in this study. Every subject was asked to complete a questionnaire concerning their smoking habits and their environmental exposure to PAHs. The genotypes of the GPX1 and 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) genes were examined and the concentrations of urinary hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 2-naphthol and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) were measured. Results : Cigarette smoking was a significant risk factor for lung cancer. The levels of urinary 8-OH-dG were higher in the patients (p<0.001), whereas the urinary 1-OHP and 2-naphthol levels were higher in the controls. The GPX1 codon 198 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Individuals carrying the Pro/Leu or Leu/Leu genotype of GPX1 were at a higher risk for lung cancer (adjusted OR=2.29). In addition, these individuals were shown to have high urinary 8-OH-dG concentrations compared to the individuals with the GPX1 Pro/Pro genotype. On the other hand, the polymorphism of the hOGG1 gene did not affect the lung cancer risk and the oxidative DNA damage. Conclusions : These results lead to a conclusion that individuals with the GPX1 Pro/Leu or Leu/Leu genotype would be more susceptible to the lung cancer induced by oxidative stress than those individuals with the Pro/Pro genotype.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.772-783
• /
• 2015

This study focuses on horticultural activities using colorful food to reduce diets unbalanced in vegetables and to increase emotional intelligence. Horticultural activities using colorful food vegetables were based on 'Health in Daily Life' in the '7th Kindergarten Curriculum'; to improve the dietary habits of the young children, the program was also linked with a parents' education program. The research was conducted with a total of 70 children from classes for four-year-olds in three child-care centers located in Seoul. The horticultural activities based upon nutrition education included activities using colorful food vegetables and nutrition education. For the nutrition education group, only nutrition education was provided, while neither horticultural activities nor nutrition education were provided to the control group. The study was conducted from September to December 2011. A total of twelve sessions were conducted once a week for 60 minutes each. According to the result, after the horticultural activities with colorful food vegetable were conducted, both the nutrition education group and horticultural activity & nutrition education group showed improvements in 'Nutrition Knowledge' compared to the control group. Regarding 'Unbalanced Diet Behaviors', the horticultural activities & nutrition education group showed meaningful decreases compared to the control group. Moreover for preference of fruits and vegetables, the horticultural activities & nutrition education group revealed meaningful improvements. In conclusion, colorful food vegetable horticultural activity could be an effective approach to resolve the imbalance of health caused by unbalanced diets as children who participated in the colorful food vegetable horticultural activities continued to respond spontaneously to the colors of vegetables and fruits and showed joy and kept voluntarily eating them.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.447-460
• /
• 2013

Dietary supplement use is prevalent and represents an important source of nutrition. This study was conducted in order to assess the dietary maximum exposure of vitamins and minerals from various sources including regular diet, vitamin mineral supplements for non-prescription drug (VMS-NPD), vitamin mineral supplements for health functional foods (VMS-HFF), and fortified foods (FF). A total of 1,407 adolescent boys and girls attending middle or high schools were chosen from various cities and rural communities in Korea. Users of vitamin and mineral supplements (n = 60, 15-18 years of age) were chosen from the above 1,407 students. Intake of vitamins and minerals from a regular diet and FF was assessed by both food record method and direct interview for three days of two weekdays and one weekend, and those from VMS-NPD and VMS-HFF were assessed by both questionnaire and direct interview, and compared with the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) and the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for Korean adolescents. Daily average exposure range of vitamins and minerals from a regular diet was 0.3 to 4.4 times of the RNI. Some subjects had an excessive exposure to the UL in the following areas: from regular diets, vitamin A (1.7%) and niacin (5.0%); from only VMS-NPD, vitamin C (9.1%) and iron (5.6%); and from only VMS-HFF, niacin (8.6%) > vitamin $B_6$ (7.5%) > folic acid (2.9%) > vitamin C (2.3%). Nutrients of daily total intake from regular diet, VMS-NPD, VMS-HFF, and FF higher than the UL included nicotinic acid for 33.3% of subjects, and, then, in order, vitamin C (26.6%) > vitamin A (13.3%), iron (13.3%) > zinc (11.7%) > calcium (5.0%) > vitamin E (1.7%), vitamin $B_6$ (1.7%). Thus, findings of this study showed that subjects may potentially be at risk due to overuse of supplements, even though most of them took enough vitamins and minerals from their regular diet. Therefore, we should encourage adolescents to have sound health care habits through systematic and educational aspects.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.1108-1119
• /
• 2018

As the interest on the air pollution is gradually rising at home and abroad, automotive and fuel researchers have been studied on the exhaust and greenhouse gas emission reduction from vehicles through a lot of approaches, which consist of new engine design, innovative after-treatment systems, using clean (eco-friendly alternative) fuels and fuel quality improvement. This research has brought forward two main issues : exhaust emissions (regulated and non-regulated emissions, PM particle matter) and greenhouse gases of vehicle. Exhaust emissions and greenhouse gases of automotive had many problem such as the cause of ambient pollution, health effects. In order to reduce these emissions, many countries are regulating new exhaust gas test modes. Worldwide harmonized light-duty vehicle test procedure (WLTP) for emission certification has been developed in WP.29 forum in UNECE since 2007. This test procedure was applied to domestic light duty diesel vehicles at the same time as Europe. The air pollutant emissions from light-duty vehicles are regulated by the weight per distance, which the driving cycles can affect the results. Exhaust emissions of vehicle varies substantially based on climate conditions, and driving habits. Extreme outside temperatures tend to increasing the emissions, because more fuel must be used to heat or cool the cabin. Also, high driving speeds increases the emissions because of the energy required to overcome increased drag. Compared with gradual vehicle acceleration, rapid vehicle acceleration increases the emissions. Additional devices (air-conditioner and heater) and road inclines also increases the emissions. In this study, three light-duty vehicles were tested with WLTP, NEDC, and FTP-75, which are used to regulate the emissions of light-duty vehicles, and how much emissions can be affected by different driving cycles. The emissions gas have not shown statistically meaningful difference. The maximum emission gas have been found in low speed phase of WLTP which is mainly caused by cooled engine conditions. The amount of emission gas in cooled engine condition is much different as test vehicles. It means different technical solution requires in this aspect to cope with WLTP driving cycle.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.52 no.3
• /
• pp.297-309
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the relationship among the use of food-related content (FRC), dietary behaviors, and dietary self-efficacy to demonstrate the need for nutrition education to help adolescents build healthy eating habits and provide evidence for developing nutrition education programs for adolescents. Methods: Three hundred and eighty-one high school students in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas participated in the study. The subjects were divided into three groups (low, medium, and high) according to the level of use of the FRC, and their general characteristics, dietary behaviors, and dietary self-efficacy were analyzed. Correlation analysis was performed between FRC usage, dietary behaviors, and dietary self-efficacy, and the mediating effects of dietary self-efficacy on the relationship between the level of the use of FRC and dietary behaviors were estimated. Results: A higher level of FRC usage was associated with an increased daily cost of eating out and snacking, but no difference was observed in the BMI range. The subjects in a group with a high level of FRC usage ate convenience store or instant foods instead of homemade meals (p = 0.033), had a late-night meal or snack (p = 0.024), and turned to emotional eating under stress (p < 0.001) more than those in the low level group. In addition, the high level group checked the nutrition facts label more carefully when purchasing processed foods (p = 0.016) and exercised at least 30 minutes daily, not considering physical education classes (p = 0.057). The higher level of FRC use, the lower the dietary self-efficacy, whereby the subscales 'environmental stimulus control efficacy' and 'affective factor control efficacy' showed complete mediating effects. Conclusion: Given that FRC has been increased recently, adolescents are in need of support to help them control and enhance their dietary self-efficacy as well as develop healthy dietary behaviors through proper nutrition education programs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.51 no.6
• /
• pp.526-537
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify women's osteoporosis knowledge, concerns about osteoporosis factors, and health behavior as well as to examine the relationship between these variables. Methods: The participants were 394 women in the Jeonbuk area. The data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS v. 24.0. Results: The score for osteoporosis knowledge was 6.21 points out of a possible 12, the score for concern about osteoporosis factors was 26.50 points out of a possible 40. The score for the health behavior was 57.26 points out of a possible 85. The knowledge showed significant differences according age (p < 0.01), income (p < 0.05), education level (p < 0.01), drinking milk in childhood (p < 0.05), health interest (p < 0.05), and osteoporosis information (p < 0.01). The concern showed significant differences according to age (p < 0.001), income (p < 0.05), health interest (p < 0.001), osteoporosis information (p < 0.001), family history of osteoporosis (p < 0.05), and calcium medications (p < 0.001). The health behavior showed significant differences according to age (p < 0.001), income (p < 0.01), drinking milk in childhood (p < 0.05), health interest (p < 0.001), osteoporosis information (p < 0.01), and calcium medications (p < 0.01). Regression analysis showed that the concern about osteoporosis factors was the most influential variable on health behavior, followed by health interest of the subjects, age, and the osteoporosis knowledge. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to consider educational programs on increasing interest in osteoporosis according to the age and health for improving the health behavior to prevent osteoporosis.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.37
• /
• pp.327-348
• /
• 2004

In this study, after analyzing several local climate characteristics of South Korea, I validated distribution, invasion, foraging, underground activities, attack season as ecological characteristics and also temperature, relative humidity, and tree species as preference characteristics of Korean termites (Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis Morimoto). Especially, southern part of the Korean peninsula is a suitable area for inhabitation and motion of termites holding same ecological characteristic like R. speratus kyushuensis. Busan is a neighboring district at field distribution north limiting temperature of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Chuncheon is a passing area through the Korean Peninsula of field distribution north limiting temperature of Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe. The termite attack of wood devices was about 34.5% for 3 years in the forest of Jongmyo. Although the attack rate of termite increased each year, the detection rate decreased and the missing rate was high by degrees. I confirmed a foraging habits which is a part of termite colony was a role of continuous decomposition and another was a role of new food hunt as experimental results. The foraging termites were found under ground at Jongmyo in Seoul from April to November in the 2001 and the most active period was on July and August. The termite invasion rate of bait station increased in every monitoring. Through the increasing attack rate of bait station during 2nd monitoring (November, 2000) and 3rd monitoring(March, 2001), I confirmed that termites moved into the deep underground in winter, and were working continuously to forage. R. speratus kyushuensis inhabiting at the Korean Peninsula is a species which has food consumption rate with higher temperature. The termite revealed the greatest amount of food(filter paper) at $30^{\circ}C$(90% RH), but showed increasing death rate at over $32^{\circ}C$. Also, survival rate of this termite was 97% at 84% RH($30^{\circ}C$), but killed 100% at 52% RH($30^{\circ}C$) and 70% RH($30^{\circ}C$). For wood feeding, this was observed the preference in a pine tree(Pinus densiflora) above all others. Survival of termites was high(87%) at a pine tree, but low(13.5%) at a paulownia tree(Paulownia coreana). In this study, I presented the biological characteristic of termite(R. speratus kyushuensis Morimoto) and confirmed the deterioration degree of termite on wooden cultural heritage in Korea. Depending on climate and soil temperature, each area in the southern part of the Korea Peninsula, has some different active period and different distribution of R. speratus kyushensis. With these results, I expect that this report helps to prepare the integrated pest management(IPM) of the termite on wooden cultural heritage in Korea, and it may help to reduce the economical loss from termite damage in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.41-63
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional knowledge and eating behavior of middle school students in Gwangju area in order to provide basic data for the development of home economics curriculum that can help the students form healthy eating habits. For this purpose, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to middle school students in Gwangju area. A total of 330 questionnaires were collected by convenience sampling and analyzed using SPSS(Statistics Package for the Social Science) Version 20.0 for Windows. Results of this study are as follows. First, school curriculum session ranked top(31.82%) on the list of sources for middle school students to acquire nutrition knowledge. Second, the mean score of nutrition knowledge of all respondents was moderately high(14.33 points out of maximum 20 points). In terms of nutrition knowledge by gender, female students had a higher level of nutrition knowledge in the 'Food' domain than their male counterparts(p<0.05). With regard to nutrition knowledge by grade, Grade 9 showed a higher score than Grade 7 and 8(p<0.001). Third, the mean score of eating behavior of all respondents was at an average level(69.75 out of 100 points). In terms of eating behavior by gender, male students showed a higher score than their female counterparts(p<0.05). In particular, male students had higher scores than female students for the following items: "I exercise regularly after school"(p<0.001); "I regularly eat meal three times per day"(p<0.01); "I don't skip breakfast"(p<0.01); and "I don't eat sweet food often"(p<0.01). In terms of eating behavior by grade, Grade 9 showed higher scores than Grades 7 and 8 for the following items: "I eat meal out of thankfulness for those who have prepared food"(p<0.01) and "I eat grains for every meal"(p<0.01). Finally, with regard to eating behavior depending on the level of nutrition knowledge, the 'Upper' and 'Middle' groups had higher scores for eating behavior than the 'Lower' group, indicating that a lower level of nutrition knowledge resulted in a lower score in eating behavior. Based on the above results, home economics teachers responsible for dietary education should have a greater sense of mission and pride and make more efforts to improve nutrition knowledge and eating behavior of middle school students.