• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.575-598
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• 2017

This study aims to explore the level-specific characteristics of arithmetical thinking based on the arithmetical thinking factors and develop an arithmetical thinking level test that can identify students' arithmetical thinking levels by specifying the levels of arithmetical thinking based on the factors. In order to solve the research problems, we categorized the arithmetical thinking factors into 1~4 levels based on the literature review and constructed items of the arithmetical thinking level test considering both content and process based on the arithmetical thinking factors and the level-specific characteristics of the arithmetical thinking which conformed to the Guttman scale. To investigate the adequacy of the analysis of the arithmetical thinking levels, we reanalyzed the level-specific characteristics of the arithmetical thinking by checking that it matched the factors classified to the test developed by the Guttman scale. From the results of this research, the following conclusions were drawn. First, the arithmetical thinking factors are categorized into four levels which have different characteristics. Second, the arithmetical thinking level test of this study was developed satisfying the Guttman scale and it reflects the level-specific characteristics of the arithmetical thinking levels from 1 to 4. It is possible to determine the students' arithmetical thinking level using this test. Third, according to the results of the final application of the arithmetical thinking level test for 5th and 6th graders, teachers should provide more abundant learning experiences related to the relation level (the level 3) and the application level (the level 4) to increase students' arithmetical thinking level.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.519-526
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• 2016

MIT App Inventor 2, much like the other block-based programming languages such as Scratch and Alice, is a useful tool that can be utilized to improve the computational thinking skills for students. The coding and the execution of program are done mainly on the computer in Scratch programming, but in App Inventor 2 programming, the students can execute the program and get immediate feedback on the smart-phone in the middle of the programming. Therefore, we can expect better enhanced learning effect. In this study, it has been claimed that the learning of App Inventor2 can strengthen the computational thinking skills of our students by extracting four core concepts of the computational thinking and then showing how these concepts are applied through the learning of App Inventor 2.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-63
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between the thinking styles and the big five personality traits of gifted students. Two hundred and fifty-five gifted students(169 boys, 97 girls) enrolled in the Science Elite Program responded to the Big Five Personality Inventory and Thinking Styles Inventory. Although significant relationships were identified between particular thinking styles and certain personality traits, it was concluded that it is premature to claim that a personality measure can be used to measures thinking styles. Neuroticism, Agreeableness, in Big Five Personality Inventory and level and form dimensions of Thinking Styles Inventory was found to measure the each construct independently.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.389-398
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship between critical thinking disposition and problem solving ability in nursing students, thereby providing basic data for nursing education. Method: A convenience sample was drawn from 161 nursing students. Data were collected from June 2008 to October 2008. Instruments used in the study were the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) developed by Facione & Facione (1992) and the Problem Solving Inventory (PSI) developed by Heppner & Petersen (1982). The collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe' test, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with SPSS 12.0. Results: The total mean score for CCTDI was 278.41 and PSI was 119.23. For general characteristics, there were statistically significant differences in CCTDI according to satisfaction with nursing majors (F=6.29, p=.00) and PSI according to academic achievement (F=3.45, p=.02) and marital status (t=2.43, p=.02). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between CCTDI and PSI. Critical thinking self-confidence, Analyticity and Inquisitiveness were significant predictors of PSI. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that critical thinking disposition influences problem solving ability. Therefore, the findings provide significant basic data for nursing education and nursing practice.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.25-34
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to suggest the method of code analysis for evaluating learners' projects in computational thinking(CT) education. Recently, block programming tools are applied to K-12 SW education, this study considered the assessment method for evaluating students' levels and learning about CT concepts through analyzing codes of the Scratch projects that students created. As a result from the analysis of 45 projects of novices, it showed the bad coding patterns of novices and verified that it is possible to evaluate students' learning about CT concepts through the analysis of their codes. The higher learner's level, the greater scores of logical thinking, synchronization, flow control, and data representation. This result is able to apply to student assessment of CT concepts in K-12 SW education.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to measure the effect of Practical Reasoning Instruction in Home Economics : specifically. its effect on developing of critical thinking as well as to evaluate the degree of the critical thinking process. with reference to its sub-factors and the level. The research subjects were consisted of the experimental group of 119 freshman class female students from the “A” High School and the comparative group of 110 freshman class female student from the “C” High School in the city of Chung-Ju. This research was conducted under the pre-post test control group design. administering the Pre-Post testing to both the experimental and the comparative groups. The experimental group was subjected to Practical Reasoning Instruction in Home Economics : whereas the comparative group was taught under the lecture-Instruction in Home Economics The research findings are as follows: 1. Those who studied Home Economics under the Practical reasoning method scored higher on the critical thinking Process than the comparative group students who were taught Home Economics in the lecture-style approach. 2. The experimental group of students. who studied Home Economics under the Practical reasoning method. scored higher than the comparative group in their ability to perceive assumption and to render Judgment among the five sub-factors of their critical thinking processes.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.198-204
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• 2009

It is one of important and interesting topics in mathematics education to study the process of the logical thinking and the intuitive thinking in mathematical problem-solving abilities from the viewpoint of mathematical thinking. The main purpose of the present paper is to investigate on this problem with reference to secondary talented students (students aged 16~17 years). In particular, we focus on the relationship between the preference of mathematical thinking and their problem-solving abilities for logical-type problems by applying logistic regression analysis.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.565-584
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• 2009

This study is aimed at providing the theoretical framework of characteristics of mathematical thinking processes and structuring the thinking process patterns of the mathematical gifted students through the analysis of their cognitive thinking processes. For this purpose, this study is trying to analyze characteristics of mathematical thinking processes of the mathematical gifted students in an objective and a systematic way, by using think-aloud method. For comparative study, the analysis framework with the use of the thinking characteristic code as a content-oriented method and the problem-solving processes code as a process-oriented method was developed, and the differences of thinking characteristics between the two groups chosen by the coding system which represented the subjects' thinking processes in the form of the language protocol through thinking-aloud method were compared and analyzed.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.167-191
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to explore logical thinking abilities and metacognitive characteristics by student's giftedness and grade level. Furthermore, this study sought to present the practical basis for the promotion of students' abilities in self-driven learning as well as cognition. Average-ability students(n=199), economically disadvantage gifted students(n=133), and gifted students(n=111), who were sampled by two-step sampling procedures, responded the logical thinking ability test(Cho et al, 2006) and the questionnaire asking self-perception for 'metacognitive knowledge' and 'metacognitive control' abilities(Cho & Han, 2004). As the results, average-ability students showed less logical thinking abilities(in language, mathematics, and space) than gifted students. The logical thinking abilities had affected by giftedness, grade level and these interaction. And gifted students showed higher metacognitive control abilities in planning, monitoring, priority, and strategies of learning than average-ability students. However, there were no significant differences in metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive control abilities between economically disadvantaged gifted students and gifted students.

• School Mathematics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.651-674
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• 2011

Functional thinking is a central topic in school mathematics and the purpose of teaching functional thinking is to develop student's functional thinking ability. Functional thinking which has to be taught in elementary school must be the thinking in terms of phenomenon which has attributes of 'connection'- assignment and dependence. The qualitative methods for evaluation of development of functional thinking can be based on students' activities which are related to functional thinking. With this purpose, teachers have to provide students with paradigm of the functional situation connected to the other subjects which have attributes of 'connection' and guide them by proper questions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to find teaching method for functional thinking by situation posing connected with other subject. We suggest the following ways for functional situation posing though the process of three steps : preparation, adaption and reflection of functional situation posing. At the first stage of preparation for functional situation, teacher should investigate student's environment, mathematical knowledge and level of functional thinking. With this purpose, teachers analyze various curriculum which can be used for teaching functional thinking, extract functional situation among them and investigate the utilization of functional situation as follows : ${\cdot}$ Using meta-plan, ${\cdot}$ Using mathematical journal, ${\cdot}$ Using problem posing ${\cdot}$ Designing teacher's questions which can activate students' functional thinking. For this, teachers should be experts on functional thinking. At the second stage of adaption, teacher may suggest the following steps : free exploration ${\longrightarrow}$ guided exploration ${\longrightarrow}$ expression of formalization ${\longrightarrow}$ application and feedback. Because we demand new teaching model which can apply the contents of other subjects to the mathematic class. At the third stage of reflection, teacher should prepare analysis framework of functional situation during and after students' products as follows : meta-plan, mathematical journal, problem solving. Also teacher should prepare the analysis framework analyzing student's respondence.