• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

The vehicle-bridge interaction (VBI) analysis might be cumbersome and computationally expensive in bridge engineering due to the necessity of solving large number of coupled system of equations. However, VBI analysis can provide valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of highway bridges under specific loading conditions. Hence, this paper presents a numerical study on the dynamic behavior of a conventional highway bridge under strong near-field and far-field earthquake motions considering the VBI effects. A recursive substructuring method, which enables solving bridge and vehicle equations of motion separately and suitable to be adapted to general purpose finite element softwares, was used. A thorough analysis that provides valuable information about the effect of various traffic conditions, vehicle velocity, road roughness and effect of soil conditions under far-field and near-field strong earthquake motions has been presented. A real-life concrete highway bridge was chosen for numerical demonstrations. In addition, sprung mass models of vehicles consist of conventional truck and car models were created using physical and dynamic properties adopted from literature. Various scenarios, of which the results may help to highlight the different aspects of the dynamic response of concrete highway bridges under strong earthquakes, have been considered.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.875-891
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• 2015

Earthquake can occur anywhere in the world and it is essential to design important members in special structures based on maximum possible forces that can be produced in them under severe earthquake. In addition, since the earthquake is an accidental phenomena and there are no similar earthquakes, therefore the possibility of strong earthquakes should be taken into account in earthquake-resistant design of important structures. Based on this viewpoint, finding the critical acceleration which maximizes internal forces is an essential factor in structural design. This paper proposes critical excitation method to compute the critical acceleration in design of important members in special structures. These critical accelerations are computed so that the columns' internal shear force at the base of the structure at each time step is maximized under constraints on ground motion. Among computed critical accelerations (of each time step), the one which produces maximum internal shear force is selected. A numerical example presents to show the efficiency of critical excitation method in determining the maximum internal shear force and base moment under variety of constraints. The results show that these method can be used to compute the resonant earthquake which have large enough effective duration of earthquake strong motion (between 12.86 sec to 13.38 sec) and produce the internal shear force and base moment for specific column greater than the same value for selected earthquakes in constructing the critical excitation (for different cases about 2.78 to 1.29 times the San Fernando earthquake). Therefore, a group of them can be utilized in developing the response spectrum for design of special structures.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.238-246
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• 2003

By using simulated ground motions, which is sum of earthquake signals and noise, we measured the distortion of response spectra due to noise. We found that the distortion is more closely related to the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of root-mean-square (RMS) measurement than that of conventional peak measurement. Given a S/M ratio, the distortion of absolute acceleration response spectra is independent on the earthquake magnitude, while that of relative displacement response spectra has a strong dependence on the earthquake magnitude. This means that, when we calculate response spectra from time histories, we can efficiently predict the distortion of acceleration response spectra simply by measuring the RMS SJN ratios, or the distortion of displacement response spectra by combining the RMS S/N ratios and the earthquake magnitudes.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.569-576
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• 2003

Based on the equivalent uniform stress concept Presented by Seed and Idriss, sinusoidal cyclic loads which simplified earthquake loads have been applied in evaluating the liquefaction resistance strength experimentally. However, the liquefaction resistance strength of soil based on the equivalent uniform stress concept can not exactly reflect the dynamic characteristics of the irregular earthquake motion. The liquefaction assessment method which was invented by using the equivalent uniform stress concept is suitable for the severe earthquake region such as Japan or USA, so the proper method to Korea is needed. In this study, estimation of the resistance to liquefaction was conducted by applying real earthquake loading to the cyclic triaxial test. From the test results, the characteristics of the fine sand under moderate earthquake were analyzed and compared with the results under strong earthquakes. Typically real earthquake loads used in this study are divided into two types - impact type and vibration type. Furthermore, results of the liquefaction resistance strength based on the equivalent uniform stress concept and tile concept using real earthquake loading were compared.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2016

Earthquake event keeps increasing every year, and the recent cases of earthquake hazards invoke the necessity of seismic study in Korea, as geotechnical earthquake hazards, such as strong ground motion, liquefaction and landslides, are a significant threat to structures in industrial hub areas including coastal facilities. In this study, systemized framework of integrated assessment of earthquake-induced geotechnical hazard was established using advanced geospatial database. And a visible simulation of the framework was specifically conducted at two coastal facility areas in Incheon. First, the geospatial-grid information in the 3D domain were constructed with geostatistical interpolation method composed of multiple geospatial coverage mapping and 3D integration of geo-layer construction considering spatial outliers and geotechnical uncertainty. Second, the behavior of site-specific seismic responses were assessed by incorporating the depth to bedrock, mean shear wave velocity of the upper 30 m, and characteristic site period based on the geospatial-grid. Third, the normalized correlations between rock-outcrop accelerations and the maximum accelerations of each grid were determined considering the site-specific seismic response characteristics. Fourth, the potential damage due to liquefaction was estimated by combining the geospatial-grid and accelerations correlation grid based on the simplified liquefaction potential index evaluation method.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.653-669
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• 2016

Recent earthquakes worldwide show that a significant portion of the earthquake shaking happens in the vertical direction. This phenomenon has raised significant interests to consider the vertical ground motion during the seismic design and assessment of the structures. Strong vertical ground motions can alter the axial forces in the columns, which might affect the shear capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) members. This is particularly important for non-ductile RC frames, which are very vulnerable to earthquake-induced collapse. This paper presents the detailed nonlinear dynamic analysis to quantify the collapse risk of non-ductile RC frame structures with varying heights. An array of non-ductile RC frame architype buildings located in Los Angeles, California were designed according to the 1967 uniform building code. The seismic responses of the architype buildings subjected to concurrent horizontal and vertical ground motions were analyzed. A comprehensive array of ground motions was selected from the PEER NGA-WEST2 and Iran Strong Motions Network database. Detailed nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed to quantify the collapse fragility curves and collapse margin ratios (CMRs) of the architype buildings. The results show that the vertical ground motions have significant impact on both the local and global responses of non-ductile RC moment frames. Hence, it is crucial to include the combined vertical and horizontal shaking during the seismic design and assessment of non-ductile RC moment frames.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1481-1497
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• 2015

Vertical earthquake ground motion may magnify vertical dynamic responses of structures, and thus cause serious damage to bridges. As main support structures, piers and bearings play an important role in vertical seismic response analysis of girder bridges. In this study, the pier and bearing are simplified as a vertical series spring system without mass. Then, based on the assumption of small displacement, the equation of motion governing the simply-supported straight girder bridge under vertical ground motion is established including effects of vertical deformation of support structures. Considering boundary conditions, the differential quadrature method (DQM) is applied to discretize the above equation of motion into a MDOF (multi-degree-of-freedom) system. Then seismic responses of this MDOF system are calculated by a step-by-step integration method. Effects of support structures on vertical dynamic responses of girder bridges are studied under different vertical strong earthquake motions. Results indicate that support structures may remarkably increase or decrease vertical seismic responses of girder bridges. So it is of great importance to consider effects of support structures in structural seismic design of girder bridges in near-fault region. Finally, optimization of support structures to resist vertical strong earthquake motions is discussed.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.367-392
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• 2020

The specific characteristics of near-field earthquake records can lead to different dynamic responses of bridges compared to far-field records. However, the effect of near-field strong ground motion has often been neglected in the seismic performance assessment of the bridges. Furthermore, damage to horizontally curved multi-frame RC box-girder bridges in the past earthquakes has intensified the potential of seismic vulnerability of these structures due to their distinctive dynamic behavior. Based on the nonlinear time history analyses in OpenSEES, this article, assesses the effects of near-field versus far-field earthquakes on the seismic performance of horizontally curved multi-frame RC box-girder bridges by accounting the vertical component of the earthquake records. Analytical seismic fragility curves have been derived thru considering uncertainties in the earthquake records, material and geometric properties of bridges. The findings indicate that near-field effects reasonably increase the seismic vulnerability in this bridge sub-class. The results pave the way for future regional risk assessments regarding the importance of either including or excluding near-field effects on the seismic performance of horizontally curved bridges.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1999년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall
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• pp.359-366
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• 1999

This paper is a study on the seismic design and test of viscoelastic dampers in regions of moderate seismicity. First moderate seismic waves are generated with measured strong seismic data based on the theory of effective peak acceleration. Then their response spectrums are compared each other to estimate the required damping to attenuate the vibration. As relatively smaller damping is required in the regions of moderate seismicity than in the regions of strong seismicity proper viscoelastic dampers can be designed according to the estimated damping. Finally a test building model is designed and the viscoelastic dampers are installed for the experimental study under moderate and strong earthquakes, It is found that viscoelastic dampers with low damping capacity developed in this study are enough to reduce the building response in regions of moderate seismicity.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.371-380
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• 2023

지진취약도를 산정하기 위해서는 목표 부지의 특성을 제대로 표현할 수 있는 입력 지진파의 산정이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 국내외 강진 및 중‧약진 지역에서의 입력 지진파에 대한 단자유도 모델의 지진취약도를 분석하였다. 분석을 위한 첫 번째 단계로, 국외 강진 기록 중 근/원거리에서 측정한 2개의 입력 지진파 세트와 국내 중·약진 지역 특성에 적합한 입력 지진파 2개의 세트, 총 4개의 입력 지진파 세트를 선정하였다. 대상 구조물로는 3가지 고유주기에 대한 비선형 단자유도 모델을 적용하였고, 취약도 분석을 위해 증분동적해석을 이용하였다. 또한, 4가지 손상 상태를 정의하고, 손상 상태 각각에 대해 4가지 입력 지진파 세트의 고유주기별 지진취약도 결과를 제시하였다.