• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.565-568
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• 2017

Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by dry mouth and neutropenia. Although it does not commonly involve the central nervous system, Sjogren's syndrome sometimes affects small vessels through microangiopathic alterations. A 34-year-old woman was hospitalized for left upper quadrantanopia and a tingling sensation in the left hemibody. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed acute infarction in the right posterior cerebral artery territory. In laboratory tests, antinuclear (FANA2+) and anti-DNA antibodies (anti-SS-A (Ro)) were detected. Salivary gland scintigraphy revealed moderately decreasedexcretion of saliva. Based on these findings, we concluded she had Sjogren's syndrome. As in this patient, large vessel involvement in Sjogren's syndrome is far less common. Furthermore, it is difficult to administer antiplatelet drugsto patients with thrombocytopenia in Sjogren's syndrome. This is a case of the patient with Sjogren's syndrome that involved thrombocytopenia and large vessel invasion who was treated with antiplatelet drugs and hydroxychloroquine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.223-244
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• 1997

Clinical observation was done on 290 cases of patients who were diagnosed as CVA with brain CT, TCD, MRI scan and clinical observation. They were hospitalized in the oriental medical hospital of Kyung-Won University from 1st January to 31st December in 1996. 1. The cases were classified into the following kinds : cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, and transient ischemic attack. The most case of them was the cerebr진 infarction. 2. There is no significant difference in the frequency of strokes in male and female. And the frequency of strokes was highest in the aged over 50. 3. In cerebral infarction the most frequent lesion was the territory of middle cerebral artery, and in cerebral hemorrhage the most frequent lesion was the basal ganglia. 4. The most ordinary preceding disease was hypertension, and the next was diabetes. 5. The rate of recurrence was high in cerebral infarction. 6. The frequency of strokes seems to have no relation to the season. 7. The cerebral infarction occurred usually in resting and sleeping, and the cerebral hemorrhage in acting. 8. The course of entering hospital, most patients visited this hospital as soon as CVA occurred. And the half of patient visited this hospital within 2 days after CVA attack. 9. In the cases of patients who were unconscious at the admission, the prognosis was worse than that of the alert patients. 10. The common symptoms were motor disability and verbal disturbance. 11. The average duration of hospitalization was 27.4 days, and in case of cerebral hemorrhage the duration was prolonged. 12. The average time to start physical therapy was 13.3rd day after stroke in cerebral infarction and it was 19.9th day after stroke in cerebral hemorrhage. 13. The common complications were urinary tract infection, pneumonia, myocardial infarction and so on. 15. At the time of entering hospital, in most cases the blood pressure was high, but blood pressure was well controlled at the time of discharge. 16. Generally reported, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are usually found in cerebral infarction. But in this study, they were found more frequently in cerebral hemorrhage than in infarction. 17, In the most cases, western and oriental medical treatments were given simultaneously. 18. In acute or subacute stage, the methods of smoothening the flow of KI(順氣), dispelling phlegm(祛痰), clearing away heat(淸熱) or purgation(瀉下) were frequently used. And in recovering stage, the methods of replenishing KI(補氣), tonifying the blood(補血) or tranquilization(安神) were frequently used.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.529-538
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• 2004

This clinical study on 93 cases of Dyslogia after stroke confirmed through brain CT, MRI scan and clinical observation. They were hospitalized in the oriental medical hospital of Dong-Eui University from january to September 2003. The following results were found: I. The ratio between males and females was 1.6:1. Of Dyslogia p who had suffered stroke, most were in their sixties. 2. Categorized by attack site, right hemiplegia patients comprised 15 cases(l6.1%), and left hemiplegia patients, 71 cases(54.8%), so the ratio between Rt. and Lt. was 1:4.7. 3. Categorized by preceeding disease, hypertension was seen 51 cases(54.8%), and diabetes mellitus was seen 21 cases(22.6%). 4. Categorized by repeat attack, it was the first attack for 71 cases(76.3%), and the second attack for 13 cases(l4.0%), and for 9 cases(9.7%) it was the third or nth attack. 5. According to the classification of Zhang Zhongjing, apoplexy involving Bu-organs comprised 42 cases(45.2%), apoplexy involving meridians 39 cases(41.9%), apoplexy involving Jang-organs 11 cases(11.8%), and for apoplexy involving collaaterals there was one case(1.1%). 6. According to the classification of Cheng Zhongling, 43 cases(46.7%) were classed heart meridian, 25 cases(27.2%) were classed Spleen meridian, and 24 cases(26. 1%) were classed Kidney meridian. 7. According to the classification of Sun Simiao, 49 cases(52.7%) were classed Pyungo, two cases(2.2%) were classed Pungeui, ,seven cases(7.5%) were classed Pungbi( I ), and two cases(2.2%) were classed Pungbi( II ).

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.5 s.94
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• pp.363-370
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• 2005

Neural stem cells (NSCs) of the central nervous system (CNS) have raised a great interest not only for their importance in basic neural development but also for their therapeutic potentials in neurologically degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer and stroke. During the CNS development, two molecular cascades determine specification of midbrain dopamine system. In one pathway, FGF-8, sonic hedgehog and transcription factor Nurr1 specify dopamine neurotransmitter phenotype. In the other, transcription factors $Lm{\times}lb\;and\;Pt{\times}3$ are required for induction of dopaminergic neurons. In Nurr1 knockout mouse, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive cells fail to appear in substantia nigra, indicating that Nurr1 is essential in specification of dopaminergic cell phenotype. In this study, we used the immortalized human NSCs retrovirally transduced with Nurr1 gene to probe the Nurr1 mediated mechanism to induce dopamine phenotype. While Nurr1 over-expression alone did not generate dopamine phenotype in NSCs, applications of retinoid and forskolin induced expression of TH and AADC mRNAs. In addition, co-cultures of Nurr1 expressing NSCs with human astrocytes induced a marked increase of TH expression. In this co-culture system, the addition of retinoid and forskolin dramatically increased expression of TH. These results indicate that the immortalized human NSCs with Nurr1 gene could have a clinical utility for cell replacement for the Parkinson patients.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.216-230
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• 2022

SERTA domain-containing protein 1 (Sertad1) is upregulated in the models of DNA damage and Alzheimer's disease, contributing to neuronal death. However, the role and mechanism of Sertad1 in ischemic/hypoxic neurological injury remain unclear. In the present study, our results showed that the expression of Sertad1 was upregulated in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion model and in HT22 cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Sertad1 knockdown significantly ameliorated ischemia-induced brain infarct volume, neurological deficits and neuronal apoptosis. In addition, it significantly ameliorated the OGD/R-induced inhibition of cell viability and apoptotic cell death in HT22 cells. Sertad1 knockdown significantly inhibited the ischemic/hypoxic-induced expression of p-Rb, B-Myb, and Bim in vivo and in vitro. However, Sertad1 overexpression significantly exacerbated the OGD/R-induced inhibition of cell viability and apoptotic cell death and p-Rb, B-Myb, and Bim expression in HT22 cells. In further studies, we demonstrated that Sertad1 directly binds to CDK4 and the CDK4 inhibitor ON123300 restores the effects of Sertad1 overexpression on OGD/R-induced apoptotic cell death and p-Rb, B-Myb, and Bim expression in HT22 cells. These results suggested that Sertad1 contributed to ischemic/hypoxic neurological injury by activating the CDK4/p-Rb pathway.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2018

The assessment and rehabilitation of patients with cognitive dysfunction is a field that currently requires assistive technology. While the paper-and-pencil test, such as the line tracing test (LTT), is one of the most commonly used assessment methods for cognitive dysfunction, it has become time-consuming due to its manual characteristic. The aim of this study was therefore to establish a computer-based real-time assessment system for patients without compromising the usefulness of the conventional paper-and-pencil based user tools. A digital pen-based assessment and rehabilitation system, the ePen System, could eliminate the time required for manual assessment while maintaining the measurement accuracy. The proposed system may assist rehabilitation specialists to assess and diagnose patients with unilateral visual neglect. This system can be applied to a range of assessment and rehabilitation modalities based on pen and paper. It can also be used for various patients such as those with Parkinson's disease, stroke, or different forms of brain lesions.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2009

Effect of whole body vibration exercise on intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Intracerebral hemorrhage is one of the most devastating types of stroke. This disease is known to cause severe neurological damage and also has a very high mortality rate. In the present study, the effects of whole body vibration exercise on memory capability and apoptotic neuronal cell death in the hippocampal CA1 region following intracerebral hemorrhage in rats were investigated. Intracerebral hemorrhage was induced by injection of collagenase into the hippocampal CA1 region using a stereotaxic instrument. The rats were divided into 5 groups: the sham-operation group, the hemorrhage-induction group, the hemorrhage-induction and 8 Hz vibration exercise group, the hemorrhage-induction and 16 Hz vibration exercise group, and the hemorrhage-induction and 24 Hz vibration exercise group. The animals in the whole body vibration exercise groups received whole body vibration at 8 Hz, 16 Hz, and 24 Hz, respectively for 30 min once a day during 14 consecutive days. In the present results, the apoptotic neuronal cell death in the hippocampal CA1 region was significantly increased following induction of intracerebral hemorrhage, resulting in memory impairment. Whole body vibration exercise suppressed hemorrhage-induced apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region. This suppressive effect of whole body vibration exercise also alleviated hemorrhage-induced memory impairment. Here in this study, we have shown that whole body vibration exercise inhibited intracerebral hemorrhage-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death and thus facilitated recovery of brain function following intracerebral hemorrhage.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.301-317
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• 1998

A clinical analysis was carried out for 32 patients who were treated in Dept. of Dong-shin Oriental Medicine Hospital from 10st January to 16st May in 1998 and ruled out as dememtia. The results were summarized as follows. 1. In the distribution of sex, female was more than male. And the age of seventies(17 cases, 53.125%) was highest in the frequency of age. 2. In the distribution of having history of drinking and smoking were each 4 cases(12.5%) and 7 cases(21.875%). 3. In the distribution of seasons, the ratio of spring and winter were each 16 cases(50.0%), 15 cases(46.875%), that of summer and fall were comparatively low. 4. In the period from onset to admission, the period within a week had 20 cases(62.5%) as top, and the most period of treatment was 2 and 3 weeks(28.125%). 5. The number of cases that had preceding disease was 35 cases(71.875%), a major portion of preceding diseases were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke. 6. The most common symptom was disorientation(78.125%), and the next common symptom was motor desability(71.875%), and memory disturbance, verbal disturbance was each 59.375 and 47.1%. 7. In the distribution of the CT scan films, 15 cases(46.875%) showed cerebral infarction and that of another 5cases (15.625%) showed cerebral hemorrhage, that of another 2 cases(6.25%) showed brain atrophy. 8. In the lipid density of blood, T-Cholesterol, TG, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL- Cholesterol was within normal limit. 9. In the MMSE-K, the most score was from 16 point to 20 point, and second only was from 11 point to 15 point, and the next was from 6 point to 10 point. 10. In the Ischemic score, 20 cases(62.5%) was diagnosed as brain vascular type dementia, and mixed type dementia was 9 cases(28.125%), Alzheimer type dementia was 3 cases(9.375%). 11. The most used recipes were a sort of recipes to activate of flow the vital energy and the blood, to remove the phlegm(41 cases 33.9%), especially DODAMHOALHEL TANG (12 cases, 9.9%), ANSINCHUNGNOITANG (8 case, 6.6%) was the most used recipe. 12. In the judgement of efficacy, 17 cases(53.125%) showed excellent efficacy, 10 cases(31.25%) showed good efficacy, 5 cases(15.625%) showed no change and that according to MMSE-K, 4 case(18.18%) showed excellent efficacy, 15 cases(68.18%) showed good efficacy, 15 cases(68.18%) showed no change.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.237-247
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• 2021

Immune responses in the central nervous system (CNS) function as the host's defense system against pathogens and usually help with repair and regeneration. However, chronic and exaggerated neuroinflammation is detrimental and may create neuronal damage in many cases. The NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain―containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a kind of NOD-like receptor, is a cytosolic multiprotein complex that consists of sensors (NLRP3), adaptors (apoptosis-associated speck like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, ASC) and effectors (caspase 1). It can detect a broad range of microbial pathogens along with foreign and host-derived danger signals, resulting in the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Upon activation, NLRP3 inflammasome leads to caspase 1-dependent secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, as well as to gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. NLRP3 inflammasome is highly expressed in CNS-resident cell types, including microglia and astrocytes, and growing evidence suggests that NLRP3 inflammasome is a crucial player in the pathophysiology of several neuroinflammatory and psychiatric diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and major depressive disorder. Thus, this review describes the molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its crucial roles in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders.

• 재활복지
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.209-224
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to provide a basic data about the virtual reality rehabilitation therapy to the occupational therapist in the domestic clinical field by systematically analyzing the types and effects of the rehabilitation therapy using the virtual reality program. Research articles were retrieved from January 2007 to December 2017 using the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Google Scholar, and Pubmed database. The main search terms were 'Virtual Reality AND Rehabilitation' and 'Virtual reality AND Effect'. Finally, 10 foreign studies were selected as the subjects of this study. Selected studies were organized using PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) format. The results were as follows: The subjects were divided into 4 types, stroke, brain tumor, Parkinson 's disease, and kidney disease. The tools used for arbitration were three IREX (30 %), two X-box Kinect (20 %), two Nintendo Wii (20 %), one [Existing tool + VR] (10 %), one [Mobile application + VR] (10 %). As a result of the intervention, improvement of function was observed in all 10 studies from overseas, and physical function was 24 times (66 %), mental function 6 times (17 %), cognitive function 5 times (14 %), Activity of daily living 1 time (10 %). this study could be used as a basic resource to enhance the professionalism and quality of rehabilitation services and expand the scope by organizing virtual reality-based rehabilitation and its effects.