• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.216-222
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• 2024

Objectives: To compare the levels of anxiety on GAD-7 scale among undergraduates of dental, medical and engineering students during COVID-19. The secondary objectives were to correlate the factors influencing level of anxiety and to assess the coping strategies practiced by undergraduates' students of Karachi duri.ng COVID-19 outbreak. Methodology: The cross-sectional based survey was conducted online among the medical, dental and engineering undergraduates' university students of private sector in Karachi through purposive sampling technique during COVID-19 lock down period. The GAD-7 validated tool was used along with the demographic variables, related stress factors and the coping skills practiced during this outbreak. Total 571 questionnaires were found completed in all sections. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 23. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mental health of the students was assessed on GADS-7 scale as normal, mild, moderate and severe levels. From the total (n=18-3.2%) were normal, (n=132-23.1%) had mild, (n=343-60.1%) had moderate and (n=78-13.7%) had severe anxiety level on GADS-7. The levels of anxiety on GAD-7 scale were all positively associated with the related stressors at p-value of 0.000. Moreover the results depicted that there was a moderate and positive correlation found (0.456, 0.447, 0.512 and 0.452) for all related stressors and GAD-7 scale. Taking breaks from watching, reading news regarding the outbreak of COVID-19, meditation and engaging in some other activities were the most frequently used coping strategies for all levels of anxiety among three cohorts of undergraduates'. Conclusion: Undergraduates has shown 96.9% drastically increased level of anxiety during the outbreak of COVID 19 pandemic. Taking breaks from watching, reading news regarding the outbreak of COVID-19 was the most frequent behavior practiced by the students.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-74
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• 2017

The development of smart devices has affected employees' working environments and their lives. However, using smart devices is causing employees to experience technostress. This study aims to investigate the effects of technostress in using smart devices on usage intention in an organization. Moreover, the study investigates the effect of employees' stress-coping methods on the intention to use smart devices. This study posits familiarity, use innovativeness, role ambiguity, system vulnerability, technological limitation, and ubiquity as the antecedents of technostress. Data collected from 317 users who have experience in using smart devices in organizations are empirically tested against a research model using the PLS graph. Analysis results show that role ambiguity, system vulnerability, and technological limitation significantly influence technostress. Moreover, users take up emotion-focused coping behaviors because of technostress. Emotion-focused coping behaviors affect usage intention in organizations. However, technostress and problem-focused coping behaviors do not directly affect usage intention in organizations.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.358-367
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• 1999

The Purpose of this study was to identify of parent-child relationship, Perceived social support and coping of female in late adolescents and its relationships. The underlying assumption is that Parent-child relationship based on internal working cognition affects on perceived social support and coping. The sample was consisted of 277 female students of college. The instruments used in this study were Parental bonding instrument (PBI)(Parker, Tupling & Brown. 1979), Personal resources questionnaire : PRQ-part II (Weinert ' Brant, 1987), and Way of coping (Folkman & Lazarus, 1985). The data was analyzed using frequencies, correlation coefficient, ANOVA. and t-test. As a result. perceived social support correlated positively with Parental care and negatively with parental overprotection. Perceived social support showed positive relationship with coping. Perceived social support differed according to parent-child relationship type. The group of 'affectionate constraint' high care and high overprotection. reported high perceived social support, but 'affectionless control'(low care and high overprotection) reported low perceived social support. The group of high perceived social support showed higher parental care and higher coping than low one. The group of high coping showed higher parental care, lower parental overprotection and higher perceived social support than low one. Findings from this study linking retrospective accounts of early parental relationships to current working models concerning the nature of supportive relationships are consistent with attachment theory that individual who, as children, experienced relationships with their parents that were independent-encourage. affectionate, and not overprotective developed working models of others as available to provide social support. This study confirmed that perceived social support significantly related to coping in dealing with stress.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.8
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• pp.17-17
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• 2004

• 월간산업보건
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• s.230
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• pp.50-56
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• 2007

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.785-790
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• 2013

The present study, college students was carried out to examine the MBTI personality types, Personality Types, how to cope with stress academic burnout Influence was studied. Study shows that personality type is closely related to the stress-coping strategy of personality type and Academic burnout. Among the strategies, problem-based way has a negative effect on EP and IJ personality types. On the other hand wishful-thinking and emotional-focused way have a positive effect on EP type. Thus, the therapist need to induce stressed client to deal with stress through positive imagination or prayer in stable condition.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.38-51
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• 2012

Purpose: In this study the literature of compassion fatigue in nurses was reviewed in order to analyze the trends of overall research for level of fatigue, symptoms, and factors. Methods: For this study, five databases were searched using the key words 'compassion fatigue', 'secondary traumatization', 'secondary traumatic stress', and 'vicarious traumatization'. Thirty-six papers were analyzed. Results: Most of the compassion fatigue research (86%) was conducted between 2006 and 2011 and the most frequent research approach was quantitative research with the ProQOL which was the most frequently used instrument in the studies. He research was conducted in pediatric, emergency & trauma, oncology, psychiatric, and hospice units with no consistent patterns of t compassion fatigue levels. Factors affecting compassion fatigue were personal factors such as age, education background, work-related factors such as caring for trauma patients, work hours, psychological factors such as work stress, burnout, and support/coping factors such as organizational support, and coping resources. Conclusion: Nurses' compassion fatigue varied from low to high by nursing specialties. Many factors affected the compassion fatigue of nurses. In the future there is a need for study on Korean nurses, and identification of groups at risk for compassion fatigue. Furthermore there is a need to develop management programs on compassion fatigue in nurses, stress reduction and wellbeing.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.779-788
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was designed to construct a structural model explaining depression in university students. Methods: Data were collected from 1,640 university students by questionnaire, and analyzed using AMOS 5.0 to test the hypothetical model. Results: Fitness statistics for the modified model were GFI=.93, AGFI=.89, NFI=.91, and RMSEA=.081. All the 12 paths in the modified model proved to be statistically significant. Depression of university students accounted for 52% of the covariance by the factors. The factor that had the most influence on depression was individual vulnerability, and followed by sequence order, stress, social support, coping, and self-efficacy. Depression was influenced directly by individual vulnerability, stress, social support, and coping, and indirectly by individual vulnerability, stress, social support, and self-efficacy. Conclusion: A screening and management system for the high risk group is needed to effectively prevent depression and reduce rate of depression in university students. Detailed support programs which specifically deal with prevailing stressors should be developed to effectively reduce the harmful effects of individual vulnerability and stress. It is anticipated that the model constructed in this study could be utilized as a reference in developing various strategies to prevent and intervene depression in university students.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine how patients' coping style and social support affect post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in breast cancer patients who are treated with chemotherapy. Methods: The sample consisted of 134 outpatients who received breast cancer treatments at the cancer clinic of a university hospital. The collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, ${\chi}^2$-test, Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS for Windows, version 18.0. Results: Among total, 26.9% of patients were classified into a high-risk PTSD group. In the high-risk group, a positive correlation was found between active and passive coping styles and between social support and active coping styles. Conclusion: In this study, the stronger the social support was, the more active the coping style was for high-risk PTSD patients with breast cancer. Considering the fact that cancer requires life-long self-management, strong social support could improve patients' healthcare capability. Furthermore, solid social support could effectively reduce the stress level and improve the quality of life for breast cancer patients in the high-risk PTSD group.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.141-170
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• 1991

This study was to analyze the displacement and the magnitude and mode of distribution of the stresses in the lower overdenture, the mucous membrane, the abutment teeth and the mandibular supporting bone when various abutment designs were subjected to different loading schemes. For this study, the two-dimensional finite element method was used. The models of overdenture and mandibe with the canine and the second premolar remaining, were fabricated. In the first design, a 1 mm space was prepared between the denture and the dome abutment with the height of 2 mm(OS). In the second design, a contact between the denture and the occlusal third of the dome abutment with the hight of 2 mm was prepared(OC). In the third design, a 0.5 mm space was prepared between the denture and 8 degree tapered cylindrical abutments with the height of 7 mm(TS). In the fourth design, a contact between the denture and the occlusal two thirds of the conical abutments with the height of 7 mm was prepared(TC). In order to represent the same physiological condition as the fixed areas of the mandible under loading schemes, the eight nodes which lie at the mandibular angle, the coronoid process and the mandibular condyle were assumed to be fixed. Each model was loaded with a magnitude of 10 Kgs on the first molar region (P1) and 7 Kgs on the central incisor region (P2) in a vertical direction. The force of 10 Kgs was then applied distributively from the first premolar to the second molar of each motel in a vertical direction (P3). The results were as follows: 1. The vertical load on the central incisor region(P2) produced the higher displacement and stress concentration than that on the posterior region(P1, P3). 2. The case of space between abutment and denture base produced higher displacement than that of contact, and the case of long abutment produced higher displacement than that of short abutment because of low rigidity of denture base. 3. The magnitude of the torque and vertical force to the abutment teeth and the stress distribution to the denture base was higher in the telescope coping than in the overdenture coping. 4. The vertical load on the central incisor region(P2) produced higher equivalent stress in the mandible than that on the posterior region(P1, P3). 5. The case of space between abutment and denture base produced better stress distribution to the farther abutment from the loading point than that of contact. 6. In case of sound abutment teeth, the type of telescope coping can be used, hilt in case of weak abutment, the type of overdenture coping is considered to be favorable generally.