• 한국안전학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structural integrity of a reactor pressure vessel subjected to the pressurized thermal shock(PTS) during the transient events, such as main steam line break(MSLB) and small break loss of coolant accident(SBLOCA). For postulated surface or subsurface cracks, variation curves of stress intensity factor are obtained by using the three different methods, including ASME section XI code anlysis, the finite element alternating method and the finite element method. From the stress intensity factor curves, the maximum allowable nil-ductility transition temperatures(RT/NDT/) are determined by the tangent criterion and the maximum criterion for various crack configurations and two initial transient events. As a result of the analysis, it is noted that axial cracks have smaller maximum allowable RT$_{NDT}$ values than same-sized circumferential cracks for both the transient events in the case of the tangent criterion. Axial cracks have smaller RT$_{NDT}$ values than same-sized circumferential cracks for MSLB and circumferential cracks have smaller values than axial cracks for SBLOCA in the case of the maximum criterion.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2011

Objective : This study was performed to analyze the relationship between posttraumatic stress, coping style, and dissociation in Korean firefighters. Methods : Subjects included 193 male and 9 female firefighters in the metropolitan city of Daejeon. Their age ranged from 25 to 57 with an average of 39.17 (SD : 7.572) years. Their posttraumatic stress or traumatic experiences were assessed with the Korean Version of the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale. Their coping style was categorized with the Korean version of the Ways of Coping Checklist. Their dissociation was assessed with the Korean version of Dissociative Experiences Scale. The data analysis included a correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. The modeling tested the validity of the model that posttraumatic stress had a direct effect on dissociation and coping style had an mediatory effect between stress and dissociation. Results : First, firefighters' posttraumatic stress or traumatic experiences had a direct effect on dissociation, a symptom of a mental disorder. Second, the firefighters employed passive styles to cope with their stress. This is explained that they had been exposed to their traumatic events repeatedly without being able to control it themselves. Third, coping style had no effect on the mediation between posttraumatic stress and dissociation. This is explained in terms of repeated exposure to the traumatic events. Conclusion : Based on the results, it is concluded that Korean firefighters' dissociation was not relieved by their coping effort but associated directly with their traumatic experiences. To decrease their dissociation, it is necessary to reduce the exposure to their traumatic events.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.46-59
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• 2019

Purpose: To determine associations of traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with sexual autonomy and identify factors influencing sexual autonomy among female university students of North Korean defectors. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed with a total of 103 female students who completed a structured online self-report survey from January 7 to March 31, 2018. This study was conducted using questionnaires on interpersonal trauma scale, the Traumatic Scale for North Korean Refugees (TSNKR), and sexual autonomy measurement for college students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression with SPSS WIN 23.0 program. Results: Traumatic events, PTSD, and sexual autonomy scores were $3.96{\pm}3.07$, $31.47{\pm}10.75$, and $52.66{\pm}6.89$, respectively. PTSD was positively correlated with traumatic events (r=.22, p=.030). Sexual autonomy was inversely correlated with PTSD (r=-.25, p=.010). Contraceptive use, PTSD, and voluntary sexual debut explained 26% of sexual autonomy of participants. Conclusion: To improve sexual autonomy of young women from North Korea, reproductive intervention programs including contraception, sexual assertiveness training, and psychoeducation to reduce PTSD need to be developed and implemented.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제18권3호통권47호
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• pp.171-187
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to research high school students' stressful life events, to examine effects of SES, psychological environments, stress coping methods on stress. Data were collected by 965 high school students in Cheon-buk. Data were analyzed with the frequency, percentage, factor analysis, reliability, ANOVA test, Multiple Regression in use of SPSS WIN 7.5 Program. The main results are as follow: 1. High school students; stressful life events are ① comparingㆍinterferenceㆍscolding ② having a bad at their study. ③ educational environments ④ ability ⑤ apearance. Peoples stressed me are ① her(him)self ② friend and ③ teacher. Stress coping behaviors are it's ① speak ill a person. ② listen to the music. ③ sleep. ④ be patient. ⑤ keep still or take breath deeply. 2. SES, Psychological Environments, Stress Coping Methods are related to stress. Especially hopeless in future, parental not affections and parental interference are related to stress highly. Also the stress by sex discrimination are related to gender intimately. 3. Effects of SES, Psychological Environments, Stress Coping Method on high school students' stress are very different. So it must to be differentiated the support on the high school students' stress.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.259-271
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• 2000

This study was attempted to explore meaning in life and it's relationship to problematic life events, health status and depression among older people. 198samples of elderly were over the age 60 (mean age=70.06) conveniently selected in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected through questionaires by interview with subjects from April, 1, 1999 to May 30, 1999. The research instuments were the main framework in the experiment. They involved meaning fulfillment and problematic life events which were developed by Burbank (1988) and short form geriatric depression scale(Sheikh & Yesavage, 1986). The data were analysed by SAS Program. The results are followed; 1. 172 lists were given out and had objects that would bring meaning to one's life. They were categrized as wishing for offsprings' prosperity, their relation with their grand-children, marriage of their offspring, health of family members, strong family ties, caring for the family, relation with husband, health for self, religious activity, helping others, individual hobbies, needs for growth such as writing, education, relationships with friends and personal achievements. In the end, 50% of total list dealt with in the relationship with their family members. 2. The mean fulfillment of the subjects was 38.31(SD=13.58) with a range of 12-60. The degree fulfillment varied according to the subjects' characteristics such as age group(F=4.44, 0P=.0008), education status (F=6.44, P=.0001), economic status (F=10.27, P=.0001), marrital status (F=9.12, P=.0002) and religious background (F=3.68, P=.006). 3. According to the pearson correlation, analysis significant variables were found between meaning fulfillment and health(r=.47, P=.0001), depression and the number of problematic life events for a life time (r=.147, P=.04), the stress score of problamatic life events for the past one year and the stress score of problematic life events for a life time was r=.43, P=.002, meaning fulfillment and the stress score of problamatic life events r=-.26, P=.04, depression and meaning fulfillment r=-.70, P=.0001 and depression and health r=-.521, P=.0001. 4. According to multiful regression analysis, depression was found as a most predictable variable for health(F=12.51, P=.001).

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.117-133
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of perceived economic stress & marital conflict on the quality of life under economic crisis in Korea. Data were collected from 236 couples during May and June 1998, when the Korean economy was under the control of International Monetary Fund (IMF). Many couples reported the unstability of job and the experience of economic strain events. However, the perceived level of marital conflict and the quality of life were not so bad. Husbands perceived economic stress and quality of life higher than wives did. The path analysis showed gender difference in the perceived economic stress as well as in the indirect effect of economic strain events on the quality of life through economic stress and marital conflict. In addition, family income directly affected the quality of life for husbands, but not for wives.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2011

Objectives: The questionnaire of occupational stress index (OSI) has been popular in the workplace, and it has been tailored for bus drivers in Taiwan. Nevertheless, its outcomes for participants are based on self-evaluations, thus validation by their physiological stress biomarker is warranted and this is the main goal of this study. Methods: A cross-sectional study of sixty-three city bus drivers and fifty-four supporting staffs for comparison was conducted. Questionnaire surveys, 24-hour urine cortisol testing, and blood draws for dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) testing were performed. The measured concentrations of these biological measures were logarithmically transformed before the statistical analysis where various scores of stressor factors, moderators, and stress effects of each OSI domain were analyzed by applying multiple linear regression models. Results: For drivers, the elevated 24-hour urine cortisol level was associated with a worker's relationship with their supervisor and any life change events in the most recent 3 months. The DHEA-S level was higher in drivers of younger age as well as drivers with more concerns relating to their salary and bonuses. Non-drivers showed no association between any stressor or satisfaction and urine cortisol and blood DHEA-S levels. Conclusion: Measurements of biomarkers may offer additional stress evaluations with OSI questionnaires for bus drivers. Increased DHEA-S and cortisol levels may result from stressors like income security. Prevention efforts towards occupational stress and life events and health promotional efforts for aged driver were important anti-stress remedies.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.175-190
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of resource financial events coping strategies and family financial satisfaction. The data were collected from 499 housewives in Seoul. The major findings: 1. The financial events were categorized into 6 factors. The factors were named as related to 'Family' 'Health' 'Money' 'Car & durables' 'Job', 'Housing'. Among these events respondents who had exprienced housing-related event reported the highest level of financial stress. 2. The coping strategies were categorized into 4 factors: 'Delaying payment' 'Borrowing' 'Economical purchasing' 'Using Worth' The most frequently used 'Economic purchasing' strategy. 3. Various coping strategies were differently used depending on financial events. For example the housewives used 'Economical purchasing' strategy to cope with family-related events and used 'Borrowing' strategy to housing-related events. Housewives who had less income and less net-worth used ' Economic purchasi g' strategy. 4. Job-related events were negatively effect to family financial satisfaction but car & durables-related event were positively effect to family financial satisfaction. Housewive who the more income and the less age had the high satisfaction. 'Delaying payment' and 'Economical purchasing' strategies were negatively related to family financial satisfaction.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2015

Background: Shift work has been associated with occupational stress in health providers and in those working in some industrial companies. The association is not well established in the law enforcement workforce. Our objective was to examine the association between shift work and police work-related stress. Methods: The number of stressful events that occurred in the previous month and year was obtained using the Spielberger Police Stress Survey among 365 police officers aged 27-66 years. Work hours were derived from daily payroll records. A dominant shift (day, afternoon, or night) was defined for each participant as the shift with the largest percentage of total time a participant worked (starting time from 4:00 AM to 11:59 AM, from 12 PM to 7:59 PM, and from 8:00 PM to 3:59 AM for day, afternoon, and night shift, respectively) in the previous month or year. Analysis of variance and covariance were used to examine the number of total and subscale (administrative/professional pressure, physical/psychological danger, or organizational support) stressful events across the shift. Results: During the previous month and year, officers working the afternoon and night shifts reported more stressful events than day shift officers for total stress, administrative/professional pressure, and physical/psychological danger (p < 0.05). These differences were independent of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and police rank. The frequency of these stressful events did not differ significantly between officers working the afternoon and night shifts. Conclusion: Non-day shift workers may be exposed to more stressful events in this cohort. Interventions to reduce or manage police stress that are tailored by shift may be considered.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2010

Anxiety disorders Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental disorders in the general population. Anxiety disorders can be viewed as a family of related but distinct mental disorders, which include following as classified in the text revision of fourth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Disorders(DSM-IV-TR): (1) panic disorder with or without agoraphobia; (2) agoraphobia with or without panic disorder; (3) specific phobia; (4) social phobia; (5) obsessive-compulsive disorder; (6) posttraumatic stress disorder; (7) acute stress disorder; (8) generalized anxiety disorder. An acute intense attack of anxiety accompanied by feeling of impending doom is known as panic disorder. The term phobia refer to an excessive fear of a specific object, circumstance, or situation. Obsessivecompulsive disorder is represented by a diverse group of symptoms that include intrusive thoughts, rituals, preoccupations, and compulsions. Posttraumatic stress disorder is a condition marked by development of symptoms after exposure to traumatic life events. Generalized anxiety disorder is defined as excessive anxiety and worry about several events or activities for most days during at least a 6-month period.