• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.603-618
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• 2005

The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique is widely used to characterize the dynamic mechanical response of engineering materials at high strain rates. In this paper, attendant problems associated with testing 70 mm diameter concrete specimens are considered, analysed and resolved. An adaptation of a conventional solid circular striker bar, as a means of achieving reliable and repeatable SHPB tests, is then proposed. In the analysis, a pseudo one-dimensional model is used to analyse wave propagation in a non-uniform striker bar. The stress history of the incident wave is then obtained by using the finite difference method. Comparison was made between incident waves determined from the simplified model, finite element solution and experimental data. The results show that the simplified method is adequate for designing striker bar shapes to overcome difficulties commonly encountered in SHPB tests. Using two specifically designed striker bars, tests were conducted on 70 mm diameter steel fibre reinforced concrete specimens. The results are presented in the paper.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2024

선박, 해양구조물 또는 해상풍력 발전설비 하부구조와 같이 해양환경에서 사용되는 강구조물은 부식이 쉽게 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 실험을 통하여 희생전극으로 많이 사용되는 아연전극의 방식전위와 동등한 -1050mV vs. SCE에서 환경하중에 기인하는 부식피로균열 진전특성에 대하여 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 -1050mV vs. SCE의 음극방식이 해수환경중의 피로균열 진전에 미치는 영향에 대해 합성해수중에서 파랑주기를 고려하여 실험적 고찰을 실시하였다. 음극방식에 의한 방식법은 부식을 차단하지만 과도한 방식은 화학반응에 의하여 수소를 발생시키며, 또한 석회질퇴적물을 발생시킨다. 피로균열진전율은 실험초기에는 해수부식환경하에서의 진전율보다 빠른구간이 나타났다. 그리고 균열길이가 증가하여 응력확대계수 K가 커질수록 균열의 진전율은 해수중의 피로균열진전율보다 느려지는 현상이 나타났다. 그러나 대기중의 균열진전속도보다는 항상 빠른 진전속도를 나타내었다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2012

This study looked for Mode status of each for fatigue crack growth behavior about the repeat load of mode I and the static load of mode II. The experiment was performed in the state of the repetition frequency of the sine wave 10Hz, the stress ratio 0.1, maximum load 300kg.f, a static load 0, 100, 200, 300kg.f, As the experimental results, in mode of static load, while the load value increases, the crack growth rate is slower as the energy of a crack mixing grows. Mode I and the power mode II get an influence each other in the direction of crack propagation path, but as they eventually get closer to the breaking point of the crack growth, it is dominated by the mode I.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2018

Propagation of the generalized Rayleigh waves in an elastic half-space covered by an elastic layer for different initial stress combinations and imperfect contact conditions is investigated. Three-dimensional linearized theory of elastic waves in initially stressed bodies in plane-strain state is employed, the corresponding dispersion equation is derived and an algorithm is developed for numerical solution to this equation. Numerical results on the influence of the initial stress patterns and on the influence of the contact conditions are presented and discussed. The case where the external forces are "follower forces" is considered as well. These investigations provide some theoretical foundations for the study of the near-surface waves propagating in layered mechanical systems and can be successfully used for estimation of the degree of the bonded defects between layers, fault characteristics and study of the behavior of seismic surface waves propagating under the bottom of the oceans.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.114-122
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• 1995

본 논문에서는 물질경계면을 갖는 선형탄성체에서의 응력파를 수치적으로 해석하는 기법이 소개되었으며 사각판에 대해 bicharacteristic법을 사용하여 개발된 수치해석법이 곡선경계면을 갖는 판으로 확장되었다. 제안된 개념의 효용성을 검증하기 위하여 수치해석 결과가 이론적으로 잘 알려진 응력파의 물리적 특성을 재현시켜 주는지 검토되었으며 곡선경계면을 갖는 판에 있어서 실험결과와 비교계산이 수행되었다. 또한 곡선 가장자리와 물질경계면에서 반사와 회절에 의한 응력촛점현상에 대해서도 조사되었다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.752-763
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• 2000

The stress field around the dynamically propagating interface crack tip under a remote mixed mode loading condition has been studied with the aid of dynamic photoelastic method. The variation of stress field around the dynamic interface crack tip is photographed by using the Cranz-Shardin type camera having $10^6$ fps rate. The dynamically propagating crack velocities and the shapes of isochromatic fringe loops are characterized for varying mixed load conditions in double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens. The dynamic interface crack tip complex stress intensity factors, $K_1\;and\;K_2$, determined by a hybrid-experimental method are found to increase as the load mixture ratio of y/x (vertical/horizontal) values. Furthermore, it is found that the dynamically propagating interface crack velocities are highly dependent upon the varying mixed mode loading conditions and that the velocities are significantly small compared to those under the mode I impact loading conditions obtained by Shukla (Singh & Shukla, 1996a, b) and Rosakis (Rosakis et al., 1998) in the USA.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2022

In this article, a novel propagation formulation of Rayleigh waves in a compressible isotropic half-space with impedance boundary condition is proposed by embedding the normal stress. In a two-dimensional case, it is assumed that a design boundary is free of normal traction and a shear traction depends on linearly a normal component of displacements multiplied by frequencies. Therefore, impedance boundary conditions affect the normal stress, where the impedance parameters correspond to dimensions of stresses over velocity. On the other hand, vanished impedance values are traction-free boundary conditions. The main purpose of this article is to present theoretically the existence and uniqueness of a Rayleigh wave formulation relying on secular equation's mathematical analyses. Its velocity varies along with the impedance parameters. Moreover, numerical experiments with different values for the velocity of Rayleigh waves are carried out. The present Rayleigh waves study is a fundamental step in analyzing the cause and effect of physical states such as building or structure damages resulting from natural dynamics. The results of the study generate a basic design formulation theory to test the effects of Rayleigh waves affecting structures when an earthquake occurs. The presence and uniqueness of the proposed formulation is verified by mutual comparisons of several numerical examples.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.688-706
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• 2024

Austenitic stainless steels (ASS) are extensively employed in various sectors such as nuclear, power, petrochemical, oil and gas because of their excellent structural strength and resistance to corrosion. SS304 and SS316 are the predominant choices for piping, pressure vessels, heat exchangers, nuclear reactor core components and support structures, but they are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in chloride-rich environments. Over the course of several decades, extensive research efforts have been directed towards evaluating SCC using diverse methodologies and models, albeit some uncertainties persist regarding the precise progression of cracks. This review paper focuses on the application of Acoustic Emission Technique (AET) for assessing SCC damage mechanism by monitoring the dynamic acoustic emissions or inelastic stress waves generated during the initiation and propagation of cracks. AET serves as a valuable non-destructive technique (NDT) for in-service evaluation of the structural integrity within operational conditions and early detection of critical flaws. By leveraging the time domain and time-frequency domain techniques, various Acoustic Emission (AE) parameters can be characterized and correlated with the multi-stage crack damage phenomena. Further theories of the SCC mechanisms are elucidated, with a focus on both the dissolution-based and cleavage-based damage models. Through the comprehensive insights provided here, this review stands to contribute to an enhanced understanding of SCC damage in stainless steels and the potential AET application in nuclear industry.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.457-473
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• 1992

양향성 대륙붕에서 1차 파동방정식은 양 해안경계에서의 바람응력과, 대륙붕폭에 걸친 바람응력의 회전효과를 갖는다. 황해에서 바람응력 회전효과는 대륙붕파를 발생시키는 힘으로서 무시될 수 있다. 켈빈파는 대륙붕파보다 약화될 때까지의 거리가 매우 크기 때문에 황해 북쪽만(별)을 거의 약화되지 않고 통과할 수 있다. 파동특성을 따라 적분하는 수치방법은 반대방향으로 전파되는 파동을 수용하기 위해 조절되었다. 보다 실제와 가까운 해안선을 사용한 결과, 모델재생이 해류에서는 개선되었으나 해수면에서는 거의 개선되지 않았다. 이것은 해수면을 주로 결정하는 켈빈파가 해저지형의 변화에 영향을 극히 적게 받음을 의미한다 보다 개선된 해수면 재생을 위해서는 동지나 해에서 황해로 전파되는 켈빈파의 에너지를 알 필요가 있다. 해안을 따른 순풍류와 골을 따른 역풍류의 기본구조는 계절풍에 의해 발생하는 황해의 계절순환을 뒷받침한다.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.81-96
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• 2007

단조해안에서의 비선형 천수거동을 가장 강건한 파랑모형인 Navier Stokes 식에 기초하여 수치모의 하였다. 이와 더불어 SUPERTANK LABORATORY DATA COLLECTION PROJECT(Krauss et al., 1992)에서 취득한 자료를 활용하여 Reynolds 응력에 대한 구배모형의 한계를 검증하였다. 취득한 쇄파대 유동계의 자기상관함수는 상당한 특성길이를 지니며 이러한 결과는 구배모형이 큰 오류를 야기할 수 있다는 사실을 시사한다. 이러한 인식에 기초하여 파랑모형은 Large Eddy Simulation(LES), Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH), Gaussian kernel function을 사용하여 수치 적분하였다. 잔차응력은 Lagrangian Dynamic Smagronski 모형(Meneveau et al.,1996)을 활용하여 모의하였으며 모의 기간 중 유체 알갱이간의 이격거리는 관성부영역의 특성길이보다 작게 유지되도록 노력하였다. 천수과정에서 진행되는 동조 비동조 고차 조화성분으로 전이된 파랑에너지로 인해 상당히 예리하고 왜도된 파형, 파형의 마루로부터 시작되는 물입자 자유낙하, 착수로 인한 커다란 물보라의 형성, 물보라 형성층의 해변으로의 이행, wave finger(Narayanaswamy와 Darlymple, 2002) 등이 비교적 정확히 재현되는 등 상당히 고무적인 결과를 얻었다.