• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.96-101
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• 1996

Glass fiber reinforced polymeric composites hold considerable promise for increased use in low cost high volume applications because of the potential for processing by solid phase forming. Unfortunately, because of the wide variety of such materials, inherent bariability in properties, and complex temperature and strain rate dependence, large strain behavior of these materials has not been well characterized. Of particular importance is failure during processing due to localized necking instability, and it is this phenomenon that is primary focus of this study. The strain rate and temperature dependence is used to predict limiting tensile strains, based on Mackinack imperfection theory. Excellent correlation was obtained between theory and experiment, and the results are summarized in the limit strains as a function of temperature and stain rate.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2010

In transportation geotechnical engineering, stress-strain behavior of earth structures has been analyzed by numerical simulations with the implemented plasticity constitutive model. It is a fact that many advanced plasticity constitutive models on predicting the mechanical behavior of soils have been developed as well as experimental research works for geotechnical applications in the past decades. In this study, recently developed, a unified constitutive model for both clay and sand, which is referred to as CASM (clay and sand model), was compared with a classical constitutive model, Cam-Clay model. Moreover, integration methods of stress-strain rate equations using CASM were presented for simulation of undrained and drained triaxial compression tests. As a conclusion, it was observed that semi-implicit integration method has more improved accuracy of capturing strain rate response to applied stress than explicit integration by the multiple correction and iteration.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 제26회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.93-101
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• 2003

The extinction of unsteady diffusion flame was experimentally studied in an opposing jet counterflow burner using diluted methane. The stabilized flame was perturbed by linearly varying velocity change that was generated by pistons installed on both sides of the air and fuel stream. As the results, the extinction of unsteady flame is dependent not only on the history of unsteadiness, but also on the initial condition. We found that there are several unsteady effects on the flame extinction. First, the extinction strain rates of unsteady cases are extended well beyond steady state extinction limits. Second, as the slope of the strain rate change increases, the unsteady extinction strain rate becomes larger. Third, the extension of unsteady extinction strain rate becomes smaller as the initial strain rate increases. We also found that the extension of the extinction limit mainly results from the unsteady response of the reaction zone because there is no retardation effect of a mixing layer for our experimental condition.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.48-60
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• 1993

The cause of corrosion failure found in structures or various components operating in severe corrosive environments has been attributed to stress corrosion cracking(SCC)which is resulting from the combined effects of corrosive environments and static tensile stress. Slow strain rate test (SSRT) provides a rapid reliable method to determine SCC susceptibility of metals and alloys for a broad range of application. The chief advantage of SSRT procedures is that it is much more aggressive in producing SCC than conventional constant strain or constant load tests, so that the testing time is considerably reduced. Therefore, in this paper, the combined effects of material properties and strain rate on the tensile ductility and fracture morphology of parents and weldment for SM45C, SCM440 and SM20C steels were examined and discussed in synthetic sea water. The susceptibility of SCC was the most severe under the strain rate of $1.0{\times}10^{-6} sec^{-1}$, and R.O.A. can be used for parent and maximum load for weldment to evaluate the parameter for SCC susceptibility.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.801-814
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• 2012

The strain rate effects on the interaction between a Mode I matrix crack and an inclined elliptic matrix-inclusion interface under dynamic tensile loadings were investigated numerically, and the results are in agreement with previous experimental data. It is found, for a given material system, that there are the first and the second critical strain rates, by which three kinds of the subsequent crack growth patterns can be classified in turn with the increasing strain rate, namely, the crack deflection, the double crack mode and the perpendicular crack penetration. Moreover, such a crack deflection/penetration behavior is found to be dependent on the relative interfacial strength, the inclined angle and the inclusion size. In addition, it is shown that the so-called strain rate effect on the dynamic strength of granule composites can be induced directly from the structural dynamic response of materials, not be entirely an intrinsic material property.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2010

암석의 인장강도에 미치는 변형률 속도 및 수분포화의 영향을 파악하기 위하여 건조상태 및 포화상태 3종류의 암석에 대해서 여러 가지 변형률 속도에서의 홉킨슨효과를 이용한 인장파괴실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 건조상태뿐만 아니라 포화상태에서도 변형률 속도가 증가할수록 암석의 인장강도는 증가하였다. 특히, 건조 상태에 있어서 암석의 동적인장강도는 암석의 종류와는 상관없이 변형률 속도의 약 1/3승에 비례하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한, 수분포화의 영향으로 공극률이 높은 사암과 응회암은 건조상태와 비교하여 인장강도가 감소하였으나, 공극률이 0.49%로 낮은 화강암은 건조상태와 포화상태와의 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었다.

• Composites Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.64-68
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• 2010

EPS 폼은 충격하중으로부터 전자제품의 파손을 방지하기 위하여 포장재로 많이 사용되는 경량소재이며 밀도, 미세구조, 변형률 속도에 따라 에너지 흡수성능이 달라진다. 본 연구에서는 변형률속도와 밀도의 변화에 대한 EPS 폼의 에너지 흡수성능을 평가하기 위하여 18.5 ~ 37.0kg/m3의 밀도를 갖는 EPS 폼의 압축시험을 수행하였다. 중고속 압축시험을 위하여 낙하방식의 시험기를 개발, 사용하였으며 변형률 속도 0.06/s ~ 60/s에서의 압축시험을 통하여 EPS 폼의 변형률속도 효과를 분석하였다. 시험 결과 변형률 속도가 0.06/s에서 60/s로 증가할 경우 EPS 폼의 강도는 약 1.7배 증가하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 변형률 속도에 따른 소재의 민감도는 변형률이 증가할수록 커지는 것으로 관찰되었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2011

To define the effect of strain rate variation from 0.04% to 0.004%/s on environmental fatigue of CF8M cast stainless steel, which is used as a primary piping material in nuclear power plants, low-cycle fatigue tests were conducted at operating pressure and temperature condition of a pressurized water reactor, 15 MPa and $315^{\circ}C$, respectively. A high-pressure and high-temperature autoclave and cylindrical solid fatigue specimens were used for the strain-controlled low-cycle environmental fatigue tests. It was observed that the fatigue life of CF8M stainless steel is shortened as the strain rate decreases. Due to the effect of test temperature, the fatigue data of NUREG-6909 appears a slightly shorter than that obtained by KEPRI at the same stress amplitude of $1{\times}10^3$ MPa. The environmental fatigue correction factor $F_{en}$'s calculated with inputs of the test data increases with high strain amplitude, while the $F_{en}$'s of NUREG-6909 remain constant regardless of strain amplitude.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2011

The behavior of metallic materials at high strain rates shows different characteristics from those in quasi-static deformation. Therefore, the strain rate should be considered when simulating crash events. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the dynamic tensile characteristics of SPRC440 as a function of the volume fraction of phases. As-received SPRC440 is composed of ferrite and pearlite phases. However, ferrite and martensite phases were observed after heat treatment at $730^{\circ}C$ and $780^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes, as expected by calculations based on the curves from dilatometry tests. High cross-head speed tensile tests were performed to acquire strain-stress curves at various strain rates ranging from 0.001 to $300\;s^{-1}$, which are typical in real vehicle crashes. It was observed that the flow stress increases with the strain rate and this trend was more pronounced in the as-received specimens consisting of ferrite and pearlite phases. It is speculated that the dislocation density in each phase has an influence on the strain rate sensitivity.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2018

Crystal structure of the $L1_2$ type $(Al,X)_3Ti$ alloy (X = Cr,Cu) is analyzed by X-ray diffractometry and the nonuniform strain behavior at high temperature is investigated. The lattice constants for the $L1_2$ type $(Al,X)_3Ti$ alloys decrease in the order of the atomic number of the substituted atom X, and the hardness tends to increase. In a compressive test at around 473K for $Al_{67.5}Ti_{25}Cr_{7.5}$, $Al_{65}Ti_{25}Cr_{10}$ and $Al_{62.5}Ti_{25}Cu_{12.5}$ alloys, it is found that the stress-strain curves showed serration, and deformation rate dependence appeared. It is assumed that the generation of serration is due to dynamic strain aging caused by the diffusion of solute atoms. As a result, activation energy of 60-95 kJ/mol is obtained. This process does not require direct involvement. In order to investigate the generation of serrations in detail, compression tests are carried out under various conditions. As a result, in the strain rate range of this experiment, serration is found to occur after 470K at a certain critical strain. The critical strain increases as the strain rate increases at constant temperature, and the critical strain tends to decrease as temperature rises under constant strain rate. This tendency is common to all alloys produced. In the case of this alloy system, the serration at around 473K corresponds to the case in which the dislocation velocity is faster than the diffusion rate of interstitial solute atoms at low temperature.