• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.736-741
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• 2007

Low level laser therapy has various therapy effects, This paper performed the basic study for fabricating the low level laser therapy apparatus, and one of the goals of this paper was to make this apparatus used handily. The apparatus has been fabricated using the laser diode and microprocessor unit. The apparatus used a 660nm, 785nm and 850nm laser diode for laser medical therapy and was designed for a pulse width modulation type to increase stimulation effects. To raise the stimulus effect of the human body, the optical irradiation frequency could be set up. In result, the $1{\sim}10\;Hz$ irradiation frequency could be controlled stably.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 1996

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of placebo(emotional stimulus) on physical fitness and psychological wellbeing. The subjects for the study were devided into two groups. One experimental group received placebo and the other control group did not receive. Each group was composed of 15 women. The subjects continued aerobic exercise for an hour each time, three times a week, for eight weeks. The enhancement of physical fitness has been evaluated by body weight, BP, pulse rate, skinfold thickness, circumference of waist and hip, body fat, % body fat, lean body mass, % lean body mass they were measured three times every 4 weeks. Also to evaluate the enhancement of psychological wellbeing, the self-esteem and self-perception were measured. The results can be summarized as follows : 1. The % body fat of experimental group decreased significantly than that of control group(p<0.1). 2. The % lean body mass of experimental group decreased significantly than that of control group(p<0.1). 3. There was no significant difference of other physical fitness factors between experimental group and control group. 4. There was no significant difference of self-esteem between experimental group and control group. 5. There was no significant difference of self-perception between experimental group and control group. From these results, it may be concluded that placebo(emotional stimulus) which received during aerobic exercise period is partially effective in the enhancement of the physical fitness.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.465-473
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the desensitizing effects of a Nd:YAG laser (Sunlase, SUNRISE Technologies, Inc., USA) irradiation on cervically exposed hypersensitive dentine. 45 patients was irradiated with pulsed Nd:YAG laser (1.5 W, 20 Hz, 75 mJ/pulse, 4 minutes) as the experimental group, 27 patients was mock irradiated as the control group. The degree of sensitivity to the thermal and tactile stimuli were determined qualitatively with an evaporative stimulus defined as two times air blast at a distance of 3 mm from each site to be tested and with a mechanical stimulus as a slightly scratching the cervical site with a dental explorer. A qualitative registration of the degree of discomfort was determined according to a numerical pain scale(NPS) in an 11-point scale in which 0= "no pain" and 10="most excruciating pain imaginable". Recordings were assessed before treatment, immediately after, 1 and 2 weeks after treatment. Pain tolerance threshold and pulp vitality were evaluated with electric pulp tester before and immediately after treatment. 1. Desensitizing of hypersensitive dentine with Nd:YAG laser irradiation was more effective than that with mock irradiation. 2. The placebo effect of mock irradiation was recognized for severe sensitive teeth($NPS\;{\geqq}\;6$), but not for moderate sensitive teeth(NPS < 6). 3. Laser irradiation did not affect the pain tolerance threshold and pulp vitality of the hypersensitive teeth. 4. Desensitizing effect of laser irradiation for the hypersensitive teeth had been continuing at least 2 weeks. It was concluded that desensitizing of hypersensitive dentine with a Nd:YAG laser is effective and the maintenance of the positive result was more prolonged than the placebo effect.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.194-201
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• 2012

Moxibustion is utilized not only to cure disease but also to increase immunity. However, it may lead to undesired effects including severe pains(blisters and burns) because of the difficulty of controlling heat intensity. To overcome these problems we developed the RF heat stimulation system which can control stimulus. Also, we developed the RF stimulation protocol for effective heat transfer in subcutaneous tissue of rabbit. RF stimulator consists of a medical RF capacitive heating device, isolation probe, isolation plate, negative pressure control part and temperature measurement part. For the designed stimulus protocol, we measured the temperature distribution on epidermis and in subcutaneous(5mm, 10mm) area of rabbit during moxibustion. A stimulation protocol was designed by controlling the ON/OFF duty ratio, repeating number, and energy of applied pulse to get the temperature distribution similar with that by moxibustion. In results, the correlation coefficients between temperature distribution by moxibustion and that of stimulator were 95% and 91% from 5mm and 10mm thick respectively. However, temperature distribution on epidermis by stimulator was remarkably lower than that of the moxibustion. Finally, the RF stimulation system showed that it can not only transfer effectively heat similar with moxibustion to the subcutaneous area, but also the influence by unwanted side effects can be minimized.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.482-485
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• 2016

In this work, a transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) experiment on animals is performed to stimulate the brain cortex of the mouse using modulated signals. The proposed TMS system is composed of the inverter, transformer, capacitor, variable inductor, and stimulation coil to generate 1.5 mT magnetic field in the brain cortex of the mouse. The stimulation signal is modulated to square wave where the carrier frequency is swept from 85 to 91 kHz to investigate the stimulation effect. The experimental result shows that when the carrier frequency of the stimulation signal is lower than 89 kHz, the reaction of the mouse does not change while the stimulation signal which has the carrier frequency higher than 89 kHz results in decreasing the threshold of the stimulus for the pressure.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.149-173
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• 2004

Objective & Methods : In the point of several medical books included 'Internal Classic' and Hyungsang medicine, the writer studied about meridian theory and it's disorders, after adapting to acupuncture and herb medicine. Results : 1. Dr. Jisan explained concretely physiological and pathological meridian appearances with using metaphor about phenomenons of nature and human living. 2. Shapes corresponding to meridian are considered as Yukkyunghyung formed by more or less of vigor and blood, and by tendency of up and down in eyes and nose, and also contained diseases of viscera and characters. 3. The colors connected with meridian are changed according to conditions, and meridian is seen through colors. And then colors is the properties of vital energy and symbol of spirit, that is expressed as aspect of essence, vigor, spirit and blood, as the original color of five viscera, as the colors of four seasons and as the colors of diseases. So the changes of feelings are appeared to meridian flow. 4. The method of examining pulse for meridian disorders is applied to Jisan diagram. Jisan diagram is devised from mutual communication of viscera and connection with inside and outside. It is conjugated widely in clinical examination to be distinguished into Dam-Bangkwang, into diseased part of viscera and into meridian. Also it is conjugated recuperation of diseases. 5. The meridian diseases are appeared all the distributed parts of meridian, especially skin, hair, eyebrow, and the ends of the extremities which are sensitive to stimulus. The causes are the disharmony between vital energy and blood and the discordance of six atmospheric variation. The symptoms are skinny aches, itching and eruption, etc. Conclusions : The acupuncture of Hyungsang medicine which utilizes classification of shapes, examining pulse according to Jisan diagram and demonstration of symptoms, is very effective and required systematical study from now on.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.431-435
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• 2009

The apparatus has been fabricated using the laser diode and microprocessor unit. The apparatus used a InGaAlP laser diode for laser medical therapy and was designed for a pulse width modulation type to increase stimulation effects. To raise the stimulus effect of the human body, the optical irradiation frequency could be set up. The study has executed in-vivo experiment by employing our own developed laser diode irradiation system to investigate the effects of the InGaAlP laser diode irradiation on the wound healing as a preliminary study aimed at the application of InGaAlP laser diode to wound healing of human skin injury. The study cut out whole skin layers of Sprague-Dawley rat on the back part in 1 cm circle and observed developing effects after executing light irradiation for 9 days, and in result it is found that the light irradiation rat showed earlier wound healing than non-irradiation rat during the experimental period. In addition, there are some differences found regarding the healing process between laser diode irradiated rats and non-irradiated ones.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.8-16
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• 2021

The tourism industry is influenced by a large number of factors that affect the development scenarios of the tourism in different ways. At the same time, tourism is an important component of the national economy of any state, forms its image, investment attractiveness, is a source of income and a stimulus for business development. The aim of the article is to conduct an empirical study to identify the importance of cognitive determinants in the development of tourism. The study used general and special methods: systems analysis, synthesis, grouping, systematization, cognitive modeling, cognitive map, pulse method, predictive extrapolation. Target factors, indicators, and control factors influencing the development of tourism in Ukraine are determined and a cognitive model is built, which graphically reflects the nature of the influence of these factors. Four main scenarios of the Ukrainian tourism industry are established on the basis of creating a matrix of adjacency of an oriented graph and forecast modeling based on a scenario approach. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their use to forecast the prospects of tourism development in Ukraine, the definition of state policy to support the industry that will promote international and domestic tourism.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.73-76
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• 2010

A two-facet approach was used to investigate the parametric performance of functional high-speed DDR3 (Double Data Rate) DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) die placed in different types of BGA (Ball Grid Array) packages: wire-bonded BGA (FBGA, Fine Ball Grid Array), flip-chip (FCBGA) and lead-bonded $microBGA^{(R)}$. In the first section, packaged live DDR3 die were tested using automatic test equipment using high-resolution shmoo plots. It was found that the best timing and voltage margin was obtained using the lead-bonded microBGA, followed by the wire-bonded FBGA with the FCBGA exhibiting the worst performance of the three types tested. In particular the flip-chip packaged devices exhibited reduced operating voltage margin. In the second part of this work a test system was designed and constructed to mimic the electrical environment of the data bus in a PC's CPU-Memory subsystem that used a single DIMM (Dual In Line Memory Module) socket in point-to-point and point-to-two-point configurations. The emulation system was used to examine signal integrity for system-level operation at speeds in excess of 6 Gb/pin/sec in order to assess the frequency extensibility of the signal-carrying path of the microBGA considered for future high-speed DRAM packaging. The analyzed signal path was driven from either end of the data bus by a GaAs laser driver capable of operation beyond 10 GHz. Eye diagrams were measured using a high speed sampling oscilloscope with a pulse generator providing a pseudo-random bit sequence stimulus for the laser drivers. The memory controller was emulated using a circuit implemented on a BGA interposer employing the laser driver while the active DRAM was modeled using the same type of laser driver mounted to the DIMM module. A custom silicon loading die was designed and fabricated and placed into the microBGA packages that were attached to an instrumented DIMM module. It was found that 6.6 Gb/sec/pin operation appears feasible in both point to point and point to two point configurations when the input capacitance is limited to 2pF.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.395-400
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• 2010

Hypertension is the chronic disease that the 16% of total population are suffering, and it needs to be studied to find alternative treatment because of the tolerance and side effect of medications that may bother some patients. in this paper, we verified practicality of implantable electrical stimulator that can readily change stimulus magnitude and frequency. And this device is possible to stimulate baroreflex or parasympathetic nerve. Therefore we performed in vitro tests and animal experiment for device's operating conditions. This device consist of implantable electrical stimulator and extracorporeal control/monitoring system. Stimulator was designed to make 1Hz~100Hz pulses and it can change continuous or periodic pulse train type. And this device can control stimulator's function and monitor stimulator's status and patients' blood pressure at exterior of body using ZigBee module as wireless telecommunication. We verified that stimulator have error rate under 5% at 50mm depth of organs and, stimulator makes high-efficiency energy with closer position of two electrodes. Also we can confirm the performance of device that decreasing blood pressure and heart rate of a rat by electrical stimulation.