• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.181-188
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• 1993

It is well known that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates the prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in various experimental system, but the mechanism and the detailed nature of its action are yet to be understood. Thus, this study was designed to characterize LPS induced PG synthesis in rat alveolar macrophage. Although results were not so much prominent, LPS stimulated PGE2 synthesis in macrophage with short term exposure, and this was thought to be mainly due to the activation of phopholipase A2+ But there was a burst in the PG synthesis 6 hours after the LPS treatment and this was accompanied with the increase of cyclooxygenase activity. This effect was not mediated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or platelet activating factor (PAF), and the existence of serum was prerequisite for its action. Growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) themselves did not stimulate PG synthesis and the showed stimulatory activities to some extent. Normal rat serum was more effective for the elicitation of the LPS action than growth factors. Thus, considering the amounts of growth fafctors contained in normal serum, it was suggested that another factors like LPS binding protein (LBP) might be involved in the serum effect on LPS action. Conclusively. it was thought that LPS could stimulate PG synthesis through interaction with serum factors such as EGF, PDGF and/or LBP.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2002

마늘의 주요 성분인 allicin투여 후 유도되는 사람 말초혈액의 단핵구의 유전자 발현에 미치는allicin의 효과를 규명하였다. DNA microarray를 이용하여, allicin이 chemokines, cytokine, 면역관련 유전자 및 신호전달 관련 유전자의 발현을 유도하는 것을 확인하였다. 반대로 allicin은 Th1 type의 획득면역 관련 유전자의 발현을 억제하였다. 염증세포에 있어서 allicin은 억제효과 및 자극 효과를 동시에 보여주었다. 이는 allicin이 휴지기 세포에서 먼저 증가시킨 특정 유전자의 발현을 이후에 감소시키는 결과를 보여주는 것으로 positive와 negative 효과를 발휘하는 새로운 기전을 제시하는 것이다. Allicin에 대한 광범위하고 새로운 관심을 고려해 볼 때 본 연구에서 보여주는 많은 유전자의 발현 양상은 좀 더 특정적이고 효과적인 치료법을 고안하는 데 유용할 것이다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2004

The influence of sucrose on in vitro growth, chlorophyll content, and rubisco/rubisco activase were studied in tobacco leaves. The most pronounced effect on in vitro growth and the chlorophyll content was found at 4% sucrose. The rubisco content increased with increasing concentrations of sucrose, but a point was reached beyond which the increasing concentrations of sucrose caused an inhibition of this enzyme. The rubisco activity showed patterns of change similar to the rubisco content. These data suggest that sucrose may have an affect on the activation and induction of rubisco and that sucrose can be both a positive effector and negative effector depend on its concentration. The degree of intensity of 55 and 15 kD polypeptides, which were identified as the large and small subunit of rubisco, respectively, by SDS-PAGE analysis at 4% sucrose was significantly higher than that of other treatments, indicating that sucrose had an effect on both subunits. We subsequently examined whether the rubisco content and activity of being induced by sucrose is associated with rubisco activase. The rubisco activase content at 4% sucrose was higher than that of other treatments. A similar change pattern was also observed in the activity of rubisco activase. The intensity of two 52 and 51 kD polypeptide bands at 4% sucrose was higher than that of corresponding bands of other treatments. The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of rubisco by sucrose seemed to be caused by rubisco activase.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze intervention studies related to Snoezelen (multisensory environment). Methods: Studies related to Snoezelen (multisensory environment) published between 1995 and 2010 in both Korean and International journals were systematically reviewed, and analyzed following guidelines. Based on inclusion criteria, 23 studies including 5 Korean and 18 International articles were selected. Results: Most studies were conducted in various area of research such as medicine, nursing, and occupational therapy. There was no publication related to Snoezelen (multisensory environment) in Korean nursing journals. In terms of target population, more than 65 % of the study subjects were patients with dementia, mental retardation, and learning disability. Intervention was implemented mostly in less than 30 minutes, once a week for 2 to 4 weeks. The effects on behavior, physical, and psychological contexts were assessed as outcome indicators. There was more 'positive' than 'no effect' in self-stimulatory behaviors, problem behaviors, heart rate, pain, mood state, and anxiety, whereas more 'no effect' than 'positive' in blood pressure, respiration, enjoyment, and relaxation. Conclusion: Future studies are needed to develop the protocol and outcome indicators for effective use of this new intervention in Korea.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 1999

The effect of the polyunsaterated fatty acids, linoleic acid(LA), arachidonic acid(AA) and conjugated dienoic linoleic acid(CLA) on IEC-6 cells (rat intestinal cell)proliferation and cell transduction have been determined in vitro. IEC-6 cells proliferation was assessed by cell growth and [3H]-thymidine incroporation analysis. At 10 μM concentration , the proliferationof cells supplemented with AA or LA was significantly higher than that of CLA. [3H]-thymidine uptake showed the same results. LA and AA increased [3H]-thymidine uptake more than CLA. The stimulatory effect of LA or AA was even more pronounced in the presence of IGF. Both cell number analysis and [3H]-thymidine incorporation revealed that IEC-6 cell proliferation was influenced differently by exogenous free fatty acids, in which AA or LA stimulated IEC-6 cell proliferation and CLA inhibited it. Tyorosine phosphorylation provides a key switch to regulate celluar acitivity in response to extracellular stimuli. At 20 μM and 10μM, AA with IGF-1 stimulated protein tyrosine phophorylation in IEC-6 cells, but LA's impact was less than that of AA. CLA and CLA with IGF-1 inhibited protein tyrosine phosphorylation in IEC-6 cells. These results suggest there is a possible correlation between cell proliferation and IGF receptor tyrosine knase activity driven by AA.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.716-720
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• 2001

To test the metal ion effect, hydrolysis experiments for two cellobiohydrolases (CBHⅠ and CBH Ⅱ) from Trichoderma reesei have been carried out in the presence of 10 mM metal ions, such as Cu++, Mn++, Ca++, Hg++, Ba++, Pb++, and Cd++. The addition of Mn++, Ba++, and Ca++(10 mM) during the hydrolysis of Avicel PH 101 caused an increase in the total reducing sugar (TRS) for CBH Ⅰ by 142, 135, and 114 percent, respectively. Those for CBH Ⅱ increased by 177, 175, and 115 percent, respectively. The Mn++ was the most stimulatory metal ion, whereas Hg++ was the most inhibitory metal ion. The adsorption experiments were performed to investigate how the influence of Mn++ and Hg++ on the hydrolysis is related to the adsorption of cellobiohydrolases on cellulose. The increase in TRS during hydrolysis by adding Mn++ caused an increase in adsorption affinity (Kad) and tightness (ΔHa). While, the decrease of TRS during hydrolysis by adding Hg++ caused a decrease in the adsorption affinity (Kad) and tightness (ΔHa). These results indicate the changes in the tightness and affinity of adsorption by adding metal ions play a crucial role in the degradation of the microcrystalline cellulose.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2019

Xylitol is well-known to have an anti-caries effect by inhibiting the replication of cariogenic bacteria. In addition, xylitol enhances saliva secretion. However, the precise molecular mechanism of xylitol on saliva secretion is yet to be elucidated. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the stimulatory effect of xylitol on saliva secretion and to further evaluate the involvement of xylitol in muscarinic type 3 receptor (M3R) signaling. For determining these effects, we measured the saliva flow rate following xylitol treatment in healthy individuals and patients with dry mouth. We further tested the effects of xylitol on M3R signaling in human salivary gland (HSG) cells using real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunostaining. Xylitol candy significantly increased the salivary flow rate and intracellular calcium release in HSG cells via the M3R signaling pathway. In addition, the expressions of M3R and aquaporin 5 were induced by xylitol treatment. Lastly, we investigated the distribution of M3R and aquaporin 5 in HSG cells. Xylitol was found to activate M3R, thereby inducing increases in $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. Stimulation of the muscarinic receptor induced by xylitol activated the internalization of M3R and subsequent trafficking of aquaporin 5. Taken together, these findings suggest a molecular mechanism for secretory effects of xylitol on salivary epithelial cells.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2019

Chronic exposure to atrazine (ATR) raises concerns about adverse effects on reproductive functions. We tested our previously validated filtering device, the OBP-based filter, onto a biological model constituted of cultured swine granulosa cells treated for 48 h with media conditioned with 0.1 or $10{\mu}M$ ATR evaluating cell viability and steroidogenesis. The tested atrazine concentrations did not change granulosa cell viability and no filtering effects was observed following treatments with media prepared with differently filtered water. As for steroidogenesis, treatment of water with OBP-based filter containing $10{\mu}M$ atrazine completely suppressed the stimulatory effect of $10{\mu}M$ atrazine on progesterone production as well as the inhibitory effect of $0.1{\mu}M$ ATR on estradiol-$17{\beta}$ production by granulosa cells. Our data demonstrate that the impairment of steroidogenesis induced by ATR is effectively removed after water filtration in the experimental device thus suggesting potential use in biotechnological applications on living cells and/or organisms.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1248-1254
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• 2019

Identification of novel probiotic strains is of great interest in the field of functional foods. Specific strains of heat-killed bacteria have been reported to exert immunomodulatory effects. Herein, we investigated the immune-stimulatory function of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC 13314BP (LBP). Treatment with LBP significantly increased the production of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 by macrophages. More importantly, LBP was able to enhance the phagocytic activity of macrophages against bacterial particles. Activation of p38, JNK, ERK, $NF-{\kappa}B$, and STAT3 was involved in the immunomodulatory function of LBP. LBP treatment significantly increased production of $TNF-{\alpha}$ by bone marrow-derived macrophages and splenocytes, further confirming the immunostimulatory effect of LBP in primary immune cells. Interestingly, the immunomodulatory effects of LBP were much stronger than those of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, a well-known probiotic strain. These results indicate that LBP can be a promising immune-enhancing functional food agent.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2001

본 연구의 목적은 옻나무 유래 F가 성숙 수컷 흰쥐의 생식 기능에 직접 미치는 영향을 알아보고자, 횐쥐 Leydig 세포를 분리, 회수하여 체외배양에서 F 단독 혹은 LH와의 공배양하여 배양액의 testosterone 농도를 조사하였다. 1. Leydig 세포를 36시간까지 체외 배양하여 testosterone의 농도를 조사한 결과, 6시간 배양구에 비해 24시간 배양구가 가장 높은 농도(P＜0.05)를 나타내었으며 36시간 배양에는 감소되었다. 2. F를 단독 첨가하여 12시간 배양한 실험에서 F 80ng 첨가구에서 유의적으로(P＜0.05) 높은 testosterone 분비를 보였다. 3. LH 10ng 및 100ng 첨가구의 시간별 testosterone 분비의 변화로는, LH 10ng 첨가구에서는 6∼12시간 이후, LH 100ng 첨가구에서는 3∼6시간 사이에서 증가를 보였으며, 6시간에는 두 처리구 모두 유의차를 보였다. 4. LH 10ng 첨가 실험에서는 LH 10ng+F 40ng에서 12시간 배양 시, 유의적으로 높은 testosterone 분비를 확인하였다. 5. LH 100ng과 F의 공배양실험에서 3시간 배양한 결과, F20ng 및 F40ng처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로(P＜0.05) 높은 testosterone의 분비를 보였다. 6. Leydig 세포에 LH+IGF-I 첨가효과를 비교 검토한 결과, IGF-I 50ng과 100ng 첨가구에서는 대조구에 비해 높게 나타났으나, LH 100ng 단독처리와 유의차는 없었다. 이상의 결과로, 옻나무 유래 Flavonoid는 횐쥐 정소 Leydig 세포의 testosterone 분비를 촉진하는 작용을 하는 것으로 사료되며, 특히 LH+F구에서 testosterone 분비를 더욱 향상시킴으로써 옻나무 유래 F는 포유동물의 생식기능에 중요하게 작용하는 것으로 사료된다.> 이상의 난소당 난자회수율 (22.6개/63.8%)은 비발정기의 것보다 유의적으로 높았다 (P ＜ 0.05). 발정기의 난소에서 110 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이상의 난자의 MI까지의 핵발달율 (24.3%)은 110 Um이하의 것 또는 비발정기의 110 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이상 및 이하의 난자의 것보다 유의적으로 높았다 (2.5, 6.8 및 0.0%; P ＜0.05). 발정기의 110 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이상 난자의 AT 또는 MII까지의 핵 발달율은 다른 처리군보다 높게 발달하였다. TCM199에서 MI까지의 핵발달율 (21.8%)은 $\alpha$-MEM (10.0%)보다 유의적으로 높았다 (P＜ 0.05). 그러나 AT까지의 핵 발달율은 TCM199 (7.3%)과 (-MEM (1.1%) 간에는 유의적 차이가 있었으나 (P＜0.05), MII까지는 TCM199 (0.9%)과 (-MEM (1.1%)에는 유의차가 없었다. 본 연구결과는 110 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이상의 난자는 발정기의 난소로부터 더 많은 난자를 회수할 수 있었고, 110 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이상의 난자들이 MI, AT까지의 핵발달 능력이 높았다. 또한 체외성숙배양액 시 TCM199이 $\alpha$-MEM보다 Mi과AI까지 높은 발달율을 보였다.U/$m\ell$ FSH+10 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ LH 의 첨가가 생쥐 preantral follicles의 체외배양을 위한 적정조건임을 제시하고 있다., 30, 40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg을 각각 2일간 투여했을 때 신장, 비장 및 간의 중량은 정상대조군과