• Title/Summary/Keyword: Steam properties

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High Temperature Wear Behavior of Inconel 690 Steam Generator tube (인코벨 690 증기발생기 세관의 고온 마모 거동)

  • 홍진기;김인섭;김형남;장기상
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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    • 2001.11a
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    • pp.59-62
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    • 2001
  • Flow induced vibration in steam generators has caused dynamic interactions between tubes and contacting materials resulting in fretting wear . Series of experiments have been performed to examine the wear properties of Inconel 690 steam generator tubes in various environmental conditions. For the present study, the test rig was designed to examine the fretting wear and rolling wear properties in high temperature(room temperature - 290。C) water. The test was performed at constant applied load and sliding distance to investigate the effect of test temperature on wear properties of the steam generator tube materials. To investigate the wear mechanism of material, the worn was observed using scanning electron microscopy. The weight loss increase at higher test temperature was caused by the decrease of water viscosity and the mechanical property change of tube material. The mechanical property changes of steam generator tube material, such as decrease of hardness or yield stress in the high temperature tests. From the SEM observation of worn surfaces, the severe wear scars were observed in specimens tested at the higher temperature.

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A Study on the Computerized Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam by Personal Computer (P.C.를 이용한 물과 증기 열물성치의 전산수식화에 관한 연구)

  • 김경석;김원영;김경근;김용모
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.88-101
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    • 1992
  • Properties of water and steam are very important for the steam ejector CAD program as a subroutine and design of the Shell & Tube type steam condenser. Present formular programs are based on the Skeleton Table of ASME, and are able to calculate the thermodynamoc properties of water and steam throughout the whole of the region that extend in pressure from 0 to 1000 bar and temperature from 0.01 to 80$0^{\circ}C$. When comparing calculated values for specific volume, enthalpy and entropy with the Skeleton Table 1967 and IAPS Skeleton Table 1984, values fell well within tolerances specified except near the extremes of the range of interest at the critical point and triple point, where deviations were slightly larger.

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Effects of Steam Treatment on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Oriented Strand Board

  • Maulana, Sena;Busyra, Imam;Fatrawana, Adesna;Hidayat, Wahyu;Sari, Rita Kartika;Sumardi, Ihak;Wistara, I Nyoman Jaya;Lee, Seung Hwan;Kim, Nam Hun;Febrianto, Fauzi
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.872-882
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    • 2017
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of bamboo oriented strand board (B-OSB) from andong (Gigantochloa psedoarundinacea) and betung (Dendrocalamus asper) with and without steam treatment. Strands were steam-treated at $126^{\circ}C$ for 1 h under 0.14 MPa pressure. The extractive content of bamboo strands before and after steam treatment were determined according to a standard (TAPPI T 204 om-88). Three-layer B-OSB with the core layer perpendicular to the surface and back layers were formed and binded with 8% of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin with the addition of 1% of wax. The evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of the boards were conducted in accordance with the JIS A 5908:2003 standard. The results showed that steam treatment of bamboo strands significantly reduced the extractive content. Steam treatment tended to increase the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of B-OSB from andong and betung. The results showed that the dimensional stability and bending strength of B-OSB from betung was higher than those of andong. The internal bond strength of B-OSB from andong was higher than betung owing to a greater amount of extractives dissolved during the steam treatment.

Effects of Test Temperature on the Reciprocating Wear of Steam Generator Tubes

  • Hong, J.K.;Kim, I.S.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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    • 2002.10b
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    • pp.379-380
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    • 2002
  • Steam generators (S/G) of pressurized water reactors are large heat exchangers that use the heat from the primary reactor coolant to make steam in the secondary side for driving turbine generators. Reciprocating sliding wear experiments have been performed to examine the wear properties of Incoloy 800 and Inconel 690 steam generator tubes in high temperature water. In present study, the test rig was designed to examine the reciprocating and rolling wear properties in high temperature (room temperature - $300^{\circ}C$) water. The test was performed at constant applied load and sliding distance to investigate the effect of test temperature on wear properties of steam generator tube materials. To investigate the wear mechanism of material, the worn surfaces were observed using scanning electron microscopy. At $290^{\circ}C$, wear rate of Inconel 690 was higher than that of Incoloy 800. It was assumed to be resulted from the oxide layer property difference due to the a\loy composition difference. Between 25 and $150^{\circ}C$ the wear loss increased with increasing temperature. Beyond $150^{\circ}C$, the wear loss decreased with increasing temperature. The wear loss change with temperature were due to the formation of wear protective oxide layer. From the worn surface observation, texture patterns and wear particle layers were found. As test temperature increased, the proportion of particle layer increased.

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Comparison on Physico-Chemical and Affective Properties in Mackerel Cooked by Electric Pan and under Superheated Steam (구이용 전기팬과 과열증기로 열처리한 고등어구이의 이화학적인 품질특성 및 기호도 비교평가)

  • Yu, Gwang Yeon;Cho, In Hee
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.204-210
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: This study analyzed and compared the physico-chemical and affective properties between mackerels cooked by an electric pan and under superheated steam. Methods: Mackerel were cooked by an electric pan ($95^{\circ}C$) for 10 min and mackerel cooked under superheated steam ($250^{\circ}C$) for 5 min to be internal temperatures of $75{\pm}5^{\circ}C$ and tests to measure proximate composition, color values, texture profiles, microorganism counts and sensory acceptance were performed. Results: The moisture contents were 60.30% and 73.81% in mackerels cooked by electric pan and under superheated steam, respectively. The rate of weight loss in mackerel cooked by electric pan was 39%, whereas it was 29% in mackerel cooked under superheated steam. Mackerel cooked under superheated steam exhibited more yellowness, higher springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience with more acceptable preferences (appearance, odor, taste, and texture) compared to the mackerel cooked by electric pan. Conclusion: The application of superheated steam technology to fish products could reduce the cooking time and nutritional loss. Also, it could produce highly preferred fish products compared to that prepared by conventional electric pan.

Physico-chemical Properties of leaf tobacco by expansion processes. (잎담배의 팽화방법에 따른 팽화율 및 내용성분 특성)

  • 김병구;김기환;정한주;이경구;이태호
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.76-84
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    • 1996
  • Flue-cured tobaccos(cv. NC82, grade AB3O-1) expanded by super steam, volatile organic solvents(tricuorofluoromethane, propane), carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and by freeze-drying were examined for their physico-chemical properties. The expanding rate by using the organic solvents or carbon dioxide at the impregnated pressure was 70% or more, whereas the rate by super steam and freeze-drying was 49.4 and 42.9%, respectively. The contents of total sugar, alkaloid and ether extracts of the expanded tobacco by organic solvents or carbondioxide were decreased to 27.6, 20% or more, and 13%, respectively, when compared to non-expanded one. The contents of citric acid of the tobacco expanded by using trichlorofluoromethane and carbon dioxide were increased to 19.1, 14.0%, respectively. Linoleic acid in the tobacco expanded by super steam or trichlorofluoromethane was also increased to 17.3%, but malonic acid in the tobacco expanded by super steam was 18.5% less than that in the non-expanded one. Nineteen essential oil among 22 assayed in this experiment were decreased in the expanded tobaccos. Key words : expanding method, tobacco, physico-chemical properties.

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Practical Suggestions for Calculating Supercritical Water-Steam Properties (물-증기의 초임계압 열물성치 결정을 위한 실용적 방법)

  • Kim, Seongil;Choi, Sangmin
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.40 no.12
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    • pp.809-814
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    • 2016
  • A standard procedure for determining water-steam properties has been established through an international collaboration in addition to a domestic effort. The current accepted international standard for industrial application is based on the IAPWS-IF97 (International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam-Industrial Formation 97). Based on this standard, the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)/NIST (National Institute of Standard and Technology) developed the REPROP program in the USA, and the JSME (Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers) developed the steam table and calculation code. Upon applying this standard procedure, modified procedures were proposed for computational convenience, particularly in the supercritical pressure region where non-smooth variations of water-steam properties were distinctively observed. In this paper, the internationally adopted procedures and the progress of related activities are briefly summarized. Some practical considerations are presented for the efficient execution of computational code.

A Comparison between the Thermomechanical and Structural Changes in Textured PET Yarns after Superheated Steam and Dry Heat Treatment

  • Karakas, Hale-Canbaz
    • Fibers and Polymers
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.19-24
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    • 2004
  • PET yarns textured at different texturing conditions were treated with superheated steam or dry heat at different temperatures for different times. The effects of the treatment conditions on the thermomechanical and structural changes of the yarn were examined by shrinkage, X-ray diffraction and birefringence measurements. With increase in superheated steam temperature, the crystalline orientation factor and birefringence decreased, whereas crystal size increased. Dry heat treatment had a smaller effect on shrinkage and structural properties in comparison with superheated steam treatment. The additional shrinkage after texturing process was investigated. The effect of heat-setting in both media was more significant at $200^{\circ}C$. The time dependence of the properties was not linear.

The Development of a Heat Balance Evaluation Program for the Main Steam Line of LNG Carrier (LNG선 주증기계통의 열평형산전용 전산프로그램 개발)

  • 최순호
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.854-861
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    • 1998
  • The demand of LNG as a cheap and clean energy which does not cause an environmental problem has sharply been increased in Korea. In general LNG is stored in a cargo tank specially designed as a liquid state below $-162^{\circ}C$. The main engine of a LNG carrier is generally a steam boiler because LNG is a highly flammable fluid with the possibility of explosion. The main engine of a cargo ship has to be capable of the propulsion load and various auxiliary loads for the safe navigation since it is the primary energy source. Therefore the evaluation of a main boiler's energy capacity is a key design point in the planning of LNG carrier's construction. This research is to develop the computational program for the analysis of steam boiler Heat balance for LNG carrier.

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Properties of Flexural Strength of Extrusion Molding Concrete Panel According to the Curing Conditions (양생조건에 따른 압출성형콘크리트 패널의 휨강도 특성)

  • Jung, Eun-Hye;Choi, Hun-Gug;Kim, Jae-Won;Seo, Jung-Pil;Park, Sun-Gyu;Kim, Jin-Man
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2006.11a
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    • pp.441-444
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    • 2006
  • Extrusion molding concrete panel is cured two times, that is the steam curing at atmospheric pressure and a high-pressure steam curing(autoclaving). Steam curing at atmospheric pressure is done before autoclaving and to acquire the proper strength for treat in process. Though this curing is the important factor on the quality of product and the speed in manufacturing process, it was not evaluated properly so far. Because of ignorance about curing, some engineers even think that the dry curing is better than the steam curing. This study is to investigate the properties of specimen according to variation of curing conditions in the coring chamber such as laboratory scale, pilot plant, and commercial plant. As estimating, in case of steam curing at atmospheric pressure to make extrusion molding concrete panel, moisture curing is better than dry curing and the desirable maximum temperature in curing chamber is about $50^{\circ}C$.

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