• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.485-498
• /
• 2015

The need for forest therapy programs has been increasing. For more effective forest healing, it is necessary to identify the characteristics of participants and develop and operate more targeted and differentiated forest therapy programs accordingly. In this study, the relationships between MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) personality types and the relationship between the temperaments of MBTI and the preference for the forest therapy programs were analyzed respectively in pursuit of the basic data required for the effective development and operation of forest healing on the basis of individual characteristics. The survey on the forest therapy program and MBTI personality tests were conducted for 245 normal adults. Using the SPSS 21.0 program analysis, data were analyzed by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) to obtain the difference of preference on the forest therapy program according to the personality type. The Extraversion(E)-Introversion(I) types showed differences in technique-based breathing exercises, walking in the forest(wearing shoes), laughter therapy in the forest, viewing the forest, forest bathing, wind bathing and sun bathing. And the Sensing(S)-iNtuition (N) types had marked differences in listening to the sound of water flowing, drinking herbal tea and sleeping in the forest. The Thinking (T) -Feeling (F) types marked differences in soaking hands and feet in water and sleeping in the forest. The Judging (J)-Perceiving (P) types had differences in vision quest and viewing the forest, respectively, in statistics. Depending on the temperament of the character, there were statistically significant differences in preferences such as drinking herbal tea, eating natural food, sleeping in the forest, viewing the forest and listening to the forest commentary. The results of this study are expected to be used as a basis for forest healing program development and operation.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.331-347
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects on labor pain and duration of delivery time for primipara women treated by Hob-Gog (LI-4) pressure. 1. The proposed hypothesis was that 'the score of labor pain could be lower in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied than in the control group'. 1-1. The sub hypothesis was that the score of subjective labor pain would be lower in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied than in the group which did not have LI-4 pressure applied. 1-2. Another sub hypothesis was that the score of objective labor pain would be lower in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied than in the group which did not have LI-4 pressure applied. 2. The proposed hypothesis was that 'the score of duration of delivery time could be shorter in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied than in the control group'. The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized post test only design to verify the effect on labor pain for primipara women treated by LI-4 pressure and to evaluate the benefits of using LI-4 pressure on some women and judging the degree of their labor pains in comparison with other primipara women not treated with LI-4 pressure. The subjects included 63 primipara women who underwent vaginal delivery, who were between 38-41 weeks intra uterine pregnancy; who did not have any complications; and who were under pitocin augmentation or induction. They were recruited with informed consent; 34 were in the control group and 29 were in the experimental group. The study was measured with a structured questionnaire consisting of general characteristics, knowledge related to delivery, subjective (Johnson, 1974) and objective(McLachlan, 1974) labor pain scale, data collection was done by research during the period from April, 2000 to July, 2000 and data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test, and t-test. The results were as follows: 1. The scores of total labor pain in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied were lower($347.62{\pm}49.84$) than in the group($411.02{\pm}55.79$) which did not have LI-4 pressure applied; And these differences were statistically significant(t=4.7193, p=.000). 1-1. The scores of subjective labor pain in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied were lower($203.44${\pm}33.88$)$ than in the group ($$233.82{\pm}31.31$$) which did not have LI-4 pressure applied(t=3.6953, p=.000). 1-2. The scores of objective pain in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied were lower ($144.18{\pm}29.12$) than in the group which did not have LI-4 pressure applied($177.20{\pm}35.01$). but there were no statistically significant differences found in regard to the scores of objective pain(t=4.0271, p=.000). 3. The duration of delivery time in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied was shorter ($390.51min{\pm}111.91$) than in the group ($460.44min{\pm}190.78$)which did not have LI-4 pressure applied and the duration of delivery time in the experimental group was statistically more significant than that in the control group. therefore this thesis was adapted(t=1.734, p=.0879). It could be concluded that LI-4 pressure is effective in relation to labor pain and duration of delivery time for primipara women. Therefore it is necessary to increase the number of subjects to generalize this result.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.61-74
• /
• 1983

The proportion of people who contacted pulmonary T.B. in Korea has drastically decreased as a result of the incessant effort of the Korean government which adopted a policy of“drive out T.B.”as its foremost health policy. However, the proportion still remains relatively high com-pared with that of developed countries. This study attempts to find some means for guiding and educating college students who have T.B. in their health care by (1) first determining the effect if their self-concept and health beliefs on their behavior in regard to their disease and (2) then predicting the level of compliance of the new patients to the treatment suggested by the health specialist, before the commencement of the treatment. The subjects of this study consisted of 88 mald and female students at Y University who were diagnosed as minimal pulmonary T.B. patients and registered at the health clinic of Y University during the period between September 1, 1981 and March 31, 1953. Data were collected from them by means of questionnaire and interview. The instruments used for this study were (1) a part of Junghoon Choi's“Perceptual Orientation ,Scale”for measuring self-perception of patients and (2) Rosenberg's questionnaire for measuring patients' evaluation of self-esteem, and (3) an instrument for measuring patients' health beliefs which was developed by this researcher utilizing information available from references. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chisquare test, Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test. The findings were as follows: 3. Test of hypotheses 1) Hypothesis 1: Patients with high self-concept will be high in health beliefs. For testing this hypothesis a calculation of Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between the patients' self-concept and their health beliefs was carried out. The result of this test was -. 0756 which was not significant at α=.05 and hence hypothesis 1 was not supported. 2) Hypothesis 2: Patients with a high self-concept will tend to be high in compliance with the suggested treatment. Again a Pearson correlaton coefficient was calculated between the two variaibles in the hypothesis. The calculated coefficient r was .1558 which was not significant at α=.05. Hence hypothesis 2 was rejected. 3) Hypothesis 3: Patients with high susceptibility will have a high compliance level. The correlation coefficient between the two variables was -.1975, which was significant at α=.05 but due to the negative sign hypothesis 3 could not be accepted. 4) Hypothesis 4: Patients who take their disease seriously will have a higher compliance level. The calculated correlation coefficient between the variables in this hypothesis was .1642 which was not significant at α=.05 and hence hypothesis 4 was rejected. 5) Hypothesis 5: Patients with a high sense of the benefit of treatment will have a high level of compliance. The computed correlation coefficient was .3129 which was significant at α=.05 and hence hypothesis 5 was acepted. 2. Findings from the correlation analysis were as follows: 1) Patients' susceptibility and their compliance to treatment was negatively correlated (r= -. 1975) which was significant at α= .05. This implies that as the patients' level of susceptibility increases their compliance level decreases. 2) Patients' susceptibility and their self-concept were negatively correlated (r= -. 1790) which was again singnificant at α=.05. The implication of this is that as the patients’self concept increases their susceptibility to disease decreases. 3) Patients' self-concept and their sense of benefit derieved from the treatment was positively correlated (r=.1970) which was significant at α=.05. That is, patients with a high self-concept perceived a great sense of benefit from the treatment. To summarize, patients who are low in susceptibility have a high level of compliance and self-concept.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.227-233
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting dentists' attitudes and dental hygienists' services on dental anxiety in adults. The subjects were 300 adults older than 20 years of age living in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Daejeon, and Daegu. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Among the distributed questionnaires, 225 respondents were selected as subjects, excluding 74 people who did not answer and 1 person who was not faithful. Data were analyzed using statistical software with a t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression. As a result, the gender was slightly higher in women (54.7%) than in men, and the last dental visit was less than one year in 59.6% of respondents. Most of the respondents' educational level was higher than college level (79.1%), and the monthly income was less than 2 million won in 53.8 of respondents. This study showed that distrust of dentists affected dental anxiety and anxiety stimulation. Higher reliability of the dentist was correlated with less dental anxiety in patients. Dental anxiety showed statistically significant results in dentist subcategories of patient slight and dentists' trust (p<0.01). Additionally, the factors affecting dental anxiety and anxiety stimulus were knowledge of dental hygienist and distrust of dentist (p<0.01). According to this study, dentists' and dental hygienists' trust of dental staff show the importance of oral health professionals' role in reducing dental anxiety in patients. It is also suggested that efforts should be made to improve public awareness of oral health experts. It is believed that dentists, and dental hygienists need to promoted to become professionals. In addition, a variety of programs have been developed to reduce dental anxiety, so patients need to be comfortable to receive dental treatment.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.15-34
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the secondary school technology and home economics teachers' perception of the school curriculum organization and high school credit system. For this purpose, the questionnaire data of 345 secondary technology and home economics teachers nationwide were analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-test, and F-test with SPSS 24. The research results were as follows. First, technology and home economics teachers recognized that current schools lacked the time to organize technology and home economics curriculum (61.1%) and the number of teachers (53%). Most of them have participated (62.0%) and were very willing to participate in the school curriculum organization (4.47, 89.9%). Second, technology and home economics teachers were aware of the high school credit system more than the average (3.34), and more negative (52.8%) than positive (37.7%). As a positive influence, students recognized career choices (3.88) and deepened professional content in their major fields (3.81). On the other hand, the negative impact was the decrease in choice due to non-entry subjects (3.90) and the difficulty in moving teachers to school (3.57). Third, in order to stably respond to the introduction of high school credit system, technology and home economics teachers recognized the importance of coordinating career elective courses (4.51), developing and disseminating teaching and learning materials for elective courses (4.46), separating technology and home economics (4.45), and providing training on evaluation methods and applications (4.44). This study would be useful to provide the basic information and data for the future development of technology and home economics curriculum at the national level based on high school credit system.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.719-728
• /
• 2004

The aims of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for carcass traits on Hanwoo(Korean Native Cattle) and to compare two different statistical algorithms for estimating genetic parameters. Data obtained from 1526 steers at Hanwoo Improvement Center and Hanwoo Improvement Complex Area from 1996 to 2001 were used for the analyses. The carcass traits considered in these studies were carcass weight, dressing percent, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, and marbling score. Estimated genetic parameters using EM-REML algorithm were compared to those by Bayesian inference via Gibbs Sampling to find out statistical properties. The estimated heritabilities of carcass traits by REML method were 0.28, 0.25, 0.35, 0.39 and 0.51, respectively and those by Gibbs Sampling method were 0.29, 0.25, 0.40, 0.42 and 0.54, respectively. This estimates were not significantly different, even though the estimated heritabilities by Gibbs Sampling method were higher than ones by REML method. Since the estimated statistics by REML method and Gibbs Sampling method were not significantly different in this study, it is inferred that both mothods could be efficiently applied for the analysis of carcass traits of cattle. However, further studies are demanded to define an optimal statistical method for handling large scale performance data.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.235-261
• /
• 2018

The Medical law stipulates regulations about the physician's duty to inform to contribute to patient's self-determination. This law was most recently revised on December 20, 2016, and came into effect on June 21, 2017. There has been much controversy about this, and it has been questioned whether or not it will be effective for physicians to comply with the duty to inform. Therefore, this study investigated perceptions of physicians of whether they observed the duty to inform and their legal judgment about that duty, and analyzed how the revision of the medical law may have affected the legal cognition of physician's duty to inform. This study was conducted through an online questionnaire survey involving 109 physicians over 2 weeks from March 29 to April 12, 2018, and 108 of the collected data were used for analysis. The questionnaire was developed by revising and supplementing the previous research (Lee, 2004). It consisted of 41 items, including 26 items related to the experience of and legal judgment about the duty to inform, 6 items related to awareness of revised medical law, and 9 items on general characteristics. The data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 program and descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Binary logistic regression were performed. The results are as follows. • Out of eight situations, the median number of situations that did not fulfill the duty to inform was 5 (IQR, 4-6). In addition, 12 respondents (11%) answered that they did not fulfill the duty to inform in all eight cases, while only one (1%) responded that he/she performed explanation obligations in all cases. • The median number of the legal judgment score on the duty to inform was 8 out of 13 (IQR, 7-9), and the scores ranged from a minimum of 4 (4 respondents) to a maximum of 11 (3 respondents). • More than half of the respondents (n=26, 52%) were unaware of the revision of the medical law, 27 (25%) were aware of the fact that the medical law had been revised, 20(18%) had a rough knowledge of the contents of the law, and only 5(5%) said they knew the contents of the law in detail. The level of awareness of the revised medical law was statistically significant difference according to respondents' sex (p<.49), age (p<.0001), career (p<.0001), working type (p<.024), and department (p<.049). • There was no statistically significant relationship between the level of awareness of the revised medical law and the level of legal judgment on the duty to inform. These results suggest that efforts to improve the implementation and cognition of physician's duty to inform are needed, and it is difficult to expect a direct positive effect from the legal regulations per se. Considering the distinct characteristics of medical institutions and hierarchical organizational culture of physicians, it is necessary to develop a credible guideline on the duty to inform within the medical system, and to strengthen the education of physicians about their duty to inform and its purpose.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.26-40
• /
• 2001

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop task guidelines for hospice team members. The task range of all personnel who work for hospice institutions was identified, and a tool describing roles and tasks of the hospice team members was developed based on review of related literature, both domestic and international. Methods : The content validity of the tool was assured by an expert panel through two phases of discussion. The first phase of the study included a survey conducted from December 1999 to January 2000 for a total of 126 hospice experts and practitioners affiliated with domestic hospice institutions. The second phase of the study included 35 subjects. The data were collected using a survey when the investigators visited each hospice institution. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results : 1) In the first phase of the study, all items scored over 80 points in CVI were selected as the roles and tasks of hospice coordinator, nurse, pastor, social worker, pharmacist, nutritionist, therapist, volunteer, and nurse aide. However, two items were excluded because they scored below 80 points: an item describing eligibility of a physician, a person who has a license for managing anesthetic agents was scored as 78.6 points, and an item describing the eligibility of the team leader of volunteers, a person educated at the graduate level was scored as 74.7 points. 2) In the second phase of the study, all items scored over 80 points in CVI were selected as the roles and tasks of hospice nurse, pastor, social worker, pharmacist, nutritionist, therapist, volunteer, and nurse aide. Of the roles of the hospice coordinator, however, the item scored as 77.9 points, assess and plan a patients physical, social, emotional, and spiritual status, and, of the roles of the team leaders of volunteers, the item scored as 78.6, attend a team meeting once a week and participate in building an standard nursing plan for patients were included in the tool since they scored over 80 points in the first phase of the study. Conclusion : The developed task guideline should be further modified and revised based on the findings of a preliminary application in the actual field. There is also a need of continuous research for developing more culturally-appropriate task guidelines for hospice team members.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 2014

Purpose: Although vitamin D deficiency is more commonly found in cancer patient than in non-cancer patients, there have been little data regarding the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in cancer patients at the very end of life. We examined vitamin D deficiency in terminally ill cancer patients and related factors. Methods: This study was based on a retrospective chart review of 133 patients in a hospice ward. We collected data regarding age, sex, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, cancer type, physical performance, current medications and various laboratory findings. We investigated factors related to serum vitamin D levels after multivariate adjustment for potential confounders. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<20 ng/mL was considered deficient and <10 ng/mL severely deficient. Results: Ninety-five percent of the patients were serum vitamin D deficient. Severe vitamin D deficiency was more common in male patients, non-lung cancer patients, $H_2$ blocker users and non-anticonvulsant users. Elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also associated with low serum vitamin D levels. Multiple regression analysis showed that severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with male gender (aOR 3.82, 95% CI: 1.50~9.72, P=0.005), $H_2$ blocker users (aOR 3.94, 95% CI: 1.61~9.65, P=0.003) and elevated serum ALT levels (aOR 4.52, 95% CI: 1.35~15.19, P=0.015). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent among terminally ill cancer patients. Severe vitamin D deficiency was more common in male patients, $H_2$ blocker users, and patients with elevated ALT levels.

• The Korean Nurse
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.45-62
• /
• 1998

The study was conducted from November 1995 to May 1996 at the one general hospital in Seoul. The total subjects of this study were 412 patients who have the experience of fall accident, among them 31 was who have fallen during hospitalization and 381 was who visited emergency room and out patient clinic. The purposes of this study were to determine the characteristics, risk factors and results of fall accident and to suggest the nursing strategies for prevention of fall. Data were collected by reviewing the medical records and interviewing with the fallers and their family members. For data analysis, spss/pc+ program was utilized for descriptive statistics, adjusted standardized $X^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Total subjects were 412 fallers, of which 245(59.5%) were men and 167(40.5%) were women. Age were 0-14 years 79(19.2%), 15-44 years 125(30.4%), 45-64 years 104(25.2%), over 65 years 104(25.2%). 2) There was significant association between age and the sexes ($X^2$=39.17, P=0.00). 3) There was significant association between age and history of falls ($X^2$=44.41. P= .00). And history of falls in the elderly was significantly associated with falls. 4) There was significant association with age and medical diagnosis ($X^2$=140.66, P= .00), chief medical diagnosis were hypertension(34), diabetis mellitus(22), arthritis(11), stroke(8), fracture(7), pulmonary tuberculosis(6), dementia(5) and cataract(5), 5) There was significant association between age and intrinsic factors: cognitive impairment, mobility impairment, insomnia, emotional problems, urinary difficulty, visual impairments, hearing impairments, use of drugs (sedatives , antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, antidepressants) (P < 0.05). But there was no significant association between age and dizziness ($X^2$=2.87, P=.41). 6) 15.3% of total fallers were drunken state when they were fallen. 7) Environmental factors of fall accident were unusual posture (50.9%), slips(35.2%), trips (9.5%) and collision(4.4%). 8) Most of falls occurred during the day time, peak frequencies of falls occurred from 1pm to 6pm and 7am to 12am. 9) The places of fall accident were roads(22.6%), house-stairs 06.7%), rooms, floors, kitchen (11.2%), the roof-top, veranda, windows(10.9%), hospital(7.5%), ice or snowy ways(5.8%), bathroom(4.9%), playground, park(4.9%), subway-stairs(4.4%) and public-bathrooms (2.2%). 10) Activities at the time of fall accident were walking(37.6%), turning around or reaching for something(20.9%), going up or down stairs09.2%), exereise, working07.4%), up or down from a bed(2.7%), using wheelchair or walking aids, standing up or down from a chair(2.2%) and standing still(2.2%). 11) Anatomical locations of injuries by falls were head, face, neck(31.3%), lower extremities (29.9%). upper extremities(20.6%), spine, thorax, abdomen or pelvic contents(l1.4%) and unspecified(2.9%). 12) Types of injures were fracture(47.6%), bruises03.8%), laceration (13.3%), sprains(9.0%), headache(6.6%), abrasions(2.9%), intracranial hemorrage(2.4%) and burns(0.5%). 13) 41.5% of the fallers were hospitalized and average of hospitalization was 22.3 days. 14) The six fallers(1.46%) died from fall injuries. The two fallers died from intracranial hemorrage and the four fallers died of secondary infection; pneumonia(2), sepsis(1) and cell lulitis(1). It is suggested that 1) Further study is needed with larger sample size to identify the fall risk factors. 2) After the fall accident, comprehensive nursing care and regular physical exercise should be emphasized for the elderly person. 3) Safety education and safety facilities of the public place and home is necessary for fall prevention.