• Wind and Structures
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.349-368
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• 2016

A preconditioning technique is presented for a simultaneous solution to wind-membrane interaction. In the simultaneous equations, a linear elastic model was employed to deal with the fluid-structure data transfer at the interface. A Lagrange multiplier was introduced to impose the specified boundary conditions at the interface and strongly coupled simultaneous equations are derived after space and time discretization. An initial linear elastic model preconditioner and modified one were derived by treating the linearized elastic model equation as a saddle point problem, respectively. Accordingly, initial and modified fluid-structure interaction (FSI) preconditioner for the simultaneous equations were derived based on the initial and modified linear elastic model preconditioners, respectively. Wind-membrane interaction analysis by the proposed preconditioners, for two and three dimensional membranous structures respectively, was performed. Comparison was made between the performance of initial and modified preconditioners by comparing parameters such as iteration numbers, relative residuals and convergence in FSI computation. The results show that the proposed preconditioning technique greatly improves calculation accuracy and efficiency. The priority of the modified FSI preconditioner is verified. The proposed preconditioning technique provides an efficient solution procedure and paves the way for practical application of simultaneous solution for wind-structure interaction computation.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2017

The predictive utility of a damage model depends heavily on its particular choice of a damage variable, which serves as a macroscopic approximation in describing the underlying micromechanical processes of microdefects. In the case of spatially perfectly randomly distributed microcracks or microvoids in all directions, isotropic damage model is an appropriate choice, and scalar damage variables were widely used for isotropic or one-dimensional phenomenological damage models. The simplicity of a scalar damage representation is indeed very attractive. However, a scalar damage model is of somewhat limited use in practice. In order to entirely characterize the isotropic damage behaviors of damaged materials in multidimensional space, a system theory of isotropic double scalar damage variables, including the expressions of specific damage energy release rate, the coupled constitutive equations corresponding to damage, the conditions of admissibility for two scalar damage effective tensors within the framework of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes, was provided and analyzed in this study. Compared with the former studies, the theoretical formulations of double scalar damage variables in this study are given in the form of matrix, which has many features such as simpleness, directness, convenience and programmable characteristics. It is worth mentioning that the above-mentioned theoretical formulations are only logically reasonable. Owing to the limitations of time, conditions, funds, etc. they should be subject to multifaceted experiments before their innovative significance can be fully verified. The current level of research can be regarded as an exploratory attempt in this field.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2018

Design of settlement space is a complicated process while reasonable spatial layout bears great significance on the development and resource allocation of a settlement. The study proposes a weighted L-system generation algorithm based on CA (Cellular Automation) model which tags the spatial attributes of cells through changes in their state during the evolution of CA and thus identifies the spatial growth mode of a settlement. The entrance area of the Caidian Botanical and Animal Garden is used a case study for the model. A design method is proposed which starts from the internal logics of spatial generation, explores possibility of spatial rules and realizes the quantitative analysis and dynamic control of the design process. Taking a top-down approach, the design method takes into account the site information, studies the spatial generation mechanism of settlements and further presents a engine for the generation of multiple layout proposals based on different rules. A optimal solution is acquired using GA (Genetic Algorithm) which generates a settlement spatial layout carrying site information and dynamically linked to the surround environment. The study aims to propose a design method to optimize the spatial layout of the complex settlement system based on parametric generation.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.251-265
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• 1995

One of the most important matters in stress measurement by hydraulic fracturing technique is the determination of the breakdown pressure, reopening pressure, and shut-in pressure, since these values are the basic input data for the calculation of the in-situ stress. The control of the fracture propagation is also important when the hydraulic fracturing technique is applied to the development of groundwater system, geothermal energy, oil, and natural gas. In this study, a laboratory scale hydraulic fracturing device was built and a series of model tests were conducted with cube blocks of Machon gabbro. A new method called 'flatjack method' was adopted to determine shut-in pressure. The initial stress calculated from the shut-in pressure measured by flatjack method showed much higher accuracy than the stress determined by the conventional method. The dependency of the direction of fracture propagation on the state of the initial stresses was measured by introducin g artificial slots in the borehole made by water jet system. Numerical modeling by BEM was also performed to simulate the fracture propagation process. Both results form numerical and laboratory tests showed good agreement. From this study which provides the extensive results on the determination of shut-in pressure and the control of fracture propagation which are the critical issue in the recent hydraulic fracturing, it is conclued that in-situ stress measurement and the control of fracture propagation could be achived more accurately.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2013

본 기술보고에서는 천공장비의 종류와 작동방식에 대해 간략히 소개하였다. 이 중 탑해머 방식의 천공기에 탑재되는 부품 및 세부 기술을 조사하였다. 탑해머 천공기술에 연관된 국내외 기술현황을 분석하고, 국내 기술수준과 선진기술 수준을 비교하였다. 이를 바탕으로 천공 관련 융복합 기술의 연구개발 필요성을 토의하고, 선진국과 기술격차를 줄이기 위한 천공산업의 미래 전략을 제안하였다.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.181-192
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• 2016

In this work effect of high energy milling on the structural and electrical properties of $Ba(Fe_{1/2}Ta_{1/2})O_3$ (BFT) ceramic synthesized using standard solid-state reaction method were investigated. X-ray diffraction studies indicated that the unit cell structure for all the samples to be hexagonal (space group: P3m1). FTIR spectra also confirmed the formation of BFT without any new phase. The milled (10 h) BFT ceramic showed the formation of small grain sizes (<$2{\mu}m$) which is beneficial for dielectric applications in high density integrated devices. Besides, the milled (10 h) BFT ceramic sample exhibited superior dielectric properties (enhancement in ${\varepsilon}^{\prime}-value$ and reduction in $tg{\delta}-value$) compared to un-milled one. Impedance analysis indicated the negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) character. The correlated barrier hopping model (jump relaxation type) is found to successfully explain the mechanism of charge transport in present ceramic samples.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.1740-1747
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• 2000

Under repeated rolling, initial plastic deformation introduces residual stresses which render the steady cyclic state purely elastic. This is called the process of shakedown. Many studies have been done about the shakedown in semi-infinite half space using calculated Hertizian pressure. In this paper shakedown processes in a shaft are studied by finite element analyses of a two dimensional(plane strain) model with elastic-linear-kinematic-hardening-plastic material subjected to repeated, frictionless rolling contact. Symmetric and non-symmetric pressure distributions are obtained using a simplified model of the bearing-shaft assembly. The rolling contact is simulated by repeatedly translating both pressure distributions along the surface of the shaft. By the influence of the non-symmetric pressure, larger residual radial tensile stress is generated in the immediate subsurface layer, which may make a crack propagate and, the subsurface undergoes a zigzag plastic deformation during the shakedown process, which may lead to a crack initiation.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37권7A호
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• pp.528-534
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• 2012

인지 기반 중첩 융합 네트워크 환경 하에서의 서비스 성능이 중요한 이슈로 떠오르는 가운데 단말기의 기능성이 좋아짐에 따라 스마트한 지능을 기반으로 자원의 효과적 활용에 적합한 개별 이종네트워크의 특성분석과 특성을 반영하는 시스템측면의 최적화가 매우 중요하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 기지국의 소형화와 지능화가 진행되는 가운데 기지국 hotelling과 같은 기지국 집중화를 통한 통합적 최적화가 가능하므로 이에 대응한 이중 가상 셀 시스템의 특성에 대해 살펴보고 활용도 측면의 성능을 분석하였다. 또한 채널정보의 부정확성으로 인한 오류의 영향에 대해서 시뮬레이션을 통하여 정량적인 분석을 진행하고 의미하는 바를 논의하였다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.391-399
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 횡등방성 암반에서 이방성 정도에 따른 응력 차와 3차원 주응력 하의 터널방향, 이방성 정도에 따른 터널 단면에서의 2차원 응력 차를 이론적으로 구하였다. 구해진 응력상황 하의 터널에 대하여 $FLAC^{2D}$를 이용하여 이방성 고려여부에 따른 천단, 측벽, 바닥의 응력 차를 비교${\cdot}$검토하였다. 그 결과 이방성을 무시할 경우 응력 조건에 무관하게 주응력의 크기와 방향이 다르게 나타나며, 이방성 정도가 커질수록 응력차가 증가함을 알 수 있다. 이방성의 방향에 따라 응력 차가 달리 나타나며, 특히 이방성의 방향이 x축으로부터 시계반대방향으로 $45^{\circ}$와 $135^{\circ}$에서 가장 큰 응력 차가 발생함을 확인하였다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2009

암석파괴역학과 파괴인성 이하의 응력상태에서 균열이 발생하고 성장하는 특성을 고려하여 암반사면의 진행성 파괴를 검토하였다. 굴착이 종료된 암반사면은 응력이 거의 변하지 않은 조건이지만, 시간이 경과함에 따라 절리면 내 미소한 접점에서 파괴가 발생하고 파괴된 접점의 수효가 증가함에 따라 절리면이 파괴되고, 파괴된 절리면이 많아져 사면이 파괴되는 진행성파괴 현상을 수치해석적으로 확인하였다. 따라서 암반사면의 진행성 파괴는 파괴인성보다 낮은 응력상태에 있는 암반 절리면 내 미소한 접점에서 시간의 경과에 따라 발생한 균열이 성장하여 사면을 파괴시키는 것으로 분석되었다.