• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.105-108
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• 2000

To evaluate an effect of oxygen free radical on the toluence metabolism, the rats were fed on a tungstate sup-plemented diet(0.75g of tungstate included in 1kg of standard diet) or a standard diet. To the present xanthine oxidase deficient animal model, toluene(0.15ml/100g of body weight) was injected and then the animals were sacrificed after 24 hrs to determine the toluene metabolizing enzyme activities and toluene metabolite, hippuric acid concentration. The increasing rate of urinary hippuric acid concentration was significantly(p<0.01) higher in tungstate fed animals than in standard diet fed ones. Hepatic cytochrome P_450 contents were significantly higher(p<0.01) in tungstate fed animals than in standard diet fed ones. And tungstate fed animals showed a ten-dency of higher activities of benzylalcohol dehydrogenase while a significantly higher activites of benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (p<0.01) than standard diet fed animals. In conclusion, the more possibly reduced oxygen free radical in toluene-treated rats fed with a tungstate supplemented diet than in those fed with a standard diet would be responsible for the enhancement of toluene metabolism.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.901-905
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• 2004

A rapid, sensitive and selective hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric(HILIC-MS/MS) method for the determination of tiapride in human plasma was developed. Tiapride and internal standard, metoclopramide were extracted from human plasma with dichloromethane at basic pH and analyzed on an Atlantis HILIC silica column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-ammonium formate (190 mM, pH 3.0) (94：6, v/v). The ana-Iytes were detected using an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the multi-ple-reaction-monitoring mode. The standard curve was linear (r＝0.999) over the concentration range of 1.00-200 ng/mL. The coefficient of variation and relative error for intra- and inter-assay at three QC levels were 6.4∼8.8％ and -2.0∼3.6％, respectively. The recoveries of tiapride ranged from 96.3 to 97.4％, with that of metoclopramide (internal standard) being 94.2％. The lower limit of quantification for tiapride was 1.00 ng/mL using 1 00 $\mu$L of plasma sample.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.385-394
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• 1995

Our previous reports on the effect of dietary protein on methanethiol, ethacrynic acid, bromobenzene and carbon tetrachloride metabolism were overall reviewed. The methanethiol, ethacrynicacid and bromobenzene treated rats showed the more severe liver damage in those fed a low protein diet than those fed a standard protein diet. These xenobiotics treated rats showed the lower content of hepatic glutathione and its conjugated enzyme, glutathione S-transferase activities in those fed a low protein diet than those fed a standard protein diet. In case of carbon tetrachloride treated rats, the liver damage was more reduced in rats fed a low protein diet than those fed a standard protein diet. Concomitantly the hepatic cytochrome P-450 content, and its decreasing rate to the control were lower in rats fed a low protein diet than those fed a standard protein diet.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2015

Human hepatocytes, with complete hepatic metabolizing enzymes, transporters and cofactors, represent the gold standard for in vitro evaluation of drug metabolism, drug-drug interactions, and hepatotoxicity. Successful cryopreservation of human hepatocytes enables this experimental system to be used routinely. The use of human hepatocytes to evaluate two major adverse drug properties: drug-drug interactions and hepatotoxicity, are summarized in this review. The application of human hepatocytes in metabolism-based drug-drug interaction includes metabolite profiling, pathway identification, P450 inhibition, P450 induction, and uptake and efflux transporter inhibition. The application of human hepatocytes in toxicity evaluation includes in vitro hepatotoxicity and metabolism-based drug toxicity determination. A novel system, the Integrated Discrete Multiple Organ Co-culture (IdMOC) which allows the evaluation of nonhepatic toxicity in the presence of hepatic metabolism, is described.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.402.1-402.1
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• 2002

The LC/MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of sildenafil and its active metabolite N-demethylsildenafil in human plama was developed. Sildenafil. its active metabolite and the internal standard. DA-8159 were extracted form human plasma by liquid-liquid partitioning. A reverse-phase HPLC separation was performed on Luna phenylhexyl column with the mixture of acetonitrile-5 mM ammonium formate (55:45. v/v) as mobile phase. (omitted)

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.463-468
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• 2002

본 연구는 계절적으로 다른 수온에 순화되어 있는 패류에 대한 승온 효과를 분별하고 특히 시기별로 성장이 다른데 따른 승온 효과를 판별하기 위해 수행하였다. 실험 동물은 남해안 산 참굴, Crassostna gigas, 바지락, Ruditapes philippinarum 및 진주담치, Mytilus edulis의 3종이었으며 각 계절별로 채집하여 순화되어 있는 계절 수온과 순화 온도보다 4, 7 및 $10^{\circ}C$와 3, 6 및$ 9^{\circ}C$로 승온시킨 실험 해수에서 표준산소소비량과 여수량을 측정하였다. 생활사로 보아 가을에 치패기에 있는 참굴은 $14^{\circ}C$ 순화 수온 이상의 수온상승은 오히려 생리적 저해를 주었고 순화 수온이 $7^{\circ}C$인 겨울에는$ 9^{\circ}C$의 승온도 효과적이었다. 그러나 성재에서 여름에 순화 수온 $24^{\circ}C$ 이상의 승온은 저해를 주었다. 봄에 치패기에 있는 바지락은 순화수온보다 $6^{\circ}C$의 승온도 효과가 현저하였으나 그 이상의 수온 상승은 오히려 저해를 주었고 가을과 겨울에는 순화수온보다 온도가 $9^{\circ}C$까지 승온되어도 현저히 효과적이었다. 그러나 여름에는 순화수온 $24^{\circ}C$ 이상의 승온은 현저한 저해영향을 주었다. 진주담치는 봄 치패기에 순화수온보다 $3^{\circ}C$ 승온은 매우 효과적이었으나 그 이상 수온 상승은 저해를 주었다. 여름과 가을의 순화수온보다 높은 수온상승은 영향이 경미하였으며, 겨울에는 승온되어도 별다른 승온 효과를 보이지 않았다. 이상으로 보아 온배수의 승온 효과는 패류의 생활사 중 겨울에는 매우 효과적이었으나 치패기에 있어서는 순화 수온 보다 다소 높은 수온 상승도 오히려 저해 영향을 줄 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.103-107
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• 1980

This study was conducted to compare the effect of dietary sucrose and starch on the lipid metabolism of Rat fed by low protein diet for 3 and 6 weeks periods. Forty male weanling Spargue-Dawley rats weighing 52.7 grams each, after being adopted for 2 days with standard diet, were blocked into 8 groups and fed experimental diet as designed. Experimental diet were composed of two different levels of proteins, 6% designed as low protein diet and 15% designed as standard protein diet. In each group, the content of serum lipid, serum cholesterol and liver lipid were measured. The results of this experiment were summerized as follows. 1. liver lipid content was tended to be high in the sucrose group of low protein fed animal. 2. the content of total serum lipid was tended to be high in the sucrose group, and this tendency was showed statistical significance in the animals fed by low and standard protein after 6 weeks of experimental period. 3. The difference in the total serum cholesterol content between the sucrose and starch group was not significant

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.664-668
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• 2002

KR-31543,(2S,3R,4S)-6-amino-4-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-ylmethyl)amino]-3,4-dihydro-2-dimethoxymethyl-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran is a new neuroprotetive agent for ischemia-reperfusion damage. The in vitro and in vivo metabolism of KR-31543 in rats has been studied by LC-electrospray mass spectrometry. Rat liver microsomal incubation of KR-31543 in the presence of NADPH resulted in the formation of a metabolite M1. M1 was identified as N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-ylmethyl)amine on the basis of LC-MS/MS analysis with the synthesized authentic standard. Rat CYP3A1 and 3A2 are the major CYP isozymes involved in the formation of M1.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.237-241
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• 1996

To study an effect of toluene administration on the toluene metabolism in rats liver previously fed a low (casein 7%, LP) or standard (casein 20%, SP) protein diet, toluene (50% in olive oil) was given at 0.2 ml per 100 g body weights once daily during 4 days to the male rats. The content of hepatic cytochrome P-450 was higher in rats fed SP than those fed LP. The hepatic benzylalcohol dehydrogenase activity was higher both in toluene-treated rats and its control group fed SP than those fed LP. The hepatic benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity was somewhat higher in rats fed SP than those fed LP. In the case of toluene treatment, the increasing rate of hippuric acid contents to the control group were higher in rats SP than those fed LP. In conclusion, it is likely that the metabolic rate of toluene would be higher in rats fed SP than those fed LP.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.9-12
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of oral supplementation of alanine and glutamine on alcohol metabolism. The subjects were 70 male ICR mice weighing 25-30 g. The animals were raised on standard rations artier weaning. After 24 hours of fasting, all the animals were given a peritoneal injection of 20% alcohol. Then, they were randomly divided into two groups: control and experimental. Fifteen minutes after the injection of alcohol, the mice in the experimental group wer given an oral solution of alanine(5 mM, 2 g/kg B. W) and glutamine (5 mM, 2g/kg B.W). The concentration of alcohol in the blood was measured in all the mice 20 minutes after they received the alochol, and the measurements continued every 20 minutes up to 140 minutes. The experimental group sustained lower blood alcohol levels at every 20 minute time interval compared to the control group, showing that oral supplementation of alanine and glutamine increases the rate of alcohol metabolism. Furthermore, the total amount of alcohol remaining in the blood, determined by using the Area Under the Curve (AUG) method, was lower in the group supplemented with alanine and glutamine, However, the effectiveness of alanine and glutamine in increasing the rate of alcohol metabolism, compared to the control group, diminished with time throughout the experiment. In conclusion, alanine and glutamine supplementation appears to promote alcohol metabolism shorthy after alcohol intake.