• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2019

Drosophila melanogaster (fruits fly) is a representative model system widely used in biological studies because its brain function and basic cellular processes are similar to human beings. The whole head of the fly is often used to obtain the key function in brain-related diseases like degenerative brain diseases; however the biomolecular distribution of the head may be slightly different from that of a brain. Herein, lipid profiles of the head and dissected brain samples of Drosophila were studied using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). According to the sample types, the detection of phospholipid ions was suppressed by triacylglycerol (TAG), or the specific phospholipid signals that are absent in the mass spectrum were measured. The lipid distribution was found to be different in the wild-type and the microRNA-14 deficiency model ($miR-14{\Delta}^1$) with abnormal lipid metabolism. A few phospholipids were also profiled by comparison of the head and the brain in two fly model systems. The mass spectra showed that the phospholipid distributions in the $miR-14{\Delta}^1$ model and the wild-type were different, and principal component analysis revealed a correlation between some phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS)) in $miR-14{\Delta}^1$. The overall results suggested that brain-related lipids should be profiled using fly samples after dissection for more accurate analysis.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.99-113
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• 1999

The role of a GIS as a tool for a national information infrastructure can best be fulfilled once GIS standards are implemented. In this paper, we have identified what the contents of GIS standards in other countries are, and what should be the future direction for implementing a nation's GIS standards. Based on a detailed review on GIS standards in the USA, Australia, Japan and the United Kingdom, we derived the following: (1) A nations's GIS standards should include both geographic information content standards and geographic information service standards: (2) A nation's GIS standards should be a profile of ISO GIS standards: (3) Each GIS standards should be developed on the bassis of the Entity-Relationship Model using Unified Modeling Language: and (4) Experts in GIS should pay much more attention on studies on GIS service standardization. As for building the national GIS Standards for Korea, we recommend both GIS Content Standards and GIS Service Standards be simultaneously developed. GIS Content Standards include geographic feature content standard, feature classification standard, portrayal standard, rules for application standards, spatial reference model and terminology. GIS Service Standards include standards for data sharing such as metadata standard and transfer standard, quality standard, quality principle and portrayal standards.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.561-577
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• 2021

The ten standard roughness profiles suggested by Barton and Choubey (1977) were extended to make three-dimensional (3D) joint models whose profiles were identical at any cross section. Replicas of joint models were produced using plaster of Paris, and direct shear tests were performed to verify the joint roughness coefficients (JRC) of the standard roughness profiles. Joint shear strengths measured by direct shear tests were compared with those predicted by the shear failure criterion suggested by Barton (1973) based on JRC, joint compressive strength (JCS), and joint basic friction angle (𝜙_b). Shear strengths measured from joints of the first and fourth standard roughness profiles were close to predicted values; however, shear strengths measured from the other joint models were lower than predicted, the differences increasing as the roughness of joints increased. Back calculated values for JRC, JCS, and from the results of the direct shear tests show measured shear strengths were lower than predicted shear strengths because of the JRC values. New JRC were back calculated from the measured shear strength and named JRC_m. Values of JRC_m were lower than the JRC for the standard roughness profiles but show a strong linear relationship to JRC. Corrected JRC_m values for the standard roughness profiles are provided and revised relationships between JRC_m and JRC, and new shear strength criterion are suggested.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.269-274
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• 2003

In this paper, a Gaussian apodization technique applied to a transmission volume hologram for holographic demultiplexer is proposed. The Gaussian apodized grating of 15 mm ${\times}$ 11mm size, $38{\mu}m$ thickness and 3.2 mm horizontal standard deviation of the Gaussian index modulation profile was fabricated. A 22-channel demultiplexer based on that grating has been optically demonstrated. The channel spacing, the interchannel cross-talk level and the channel uniformity of 0.8 nm, -30 dB and 1.5 dB, respectively, were obtained.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.27-48
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• 2001

Turbulent flow calculations are performed for the two modern practical VLCCs with the sable forebody and the slightly different afterbody, i.e. KVLCC and KVLCC2. Three $\textsc{k}-\varepsilon$ turbulence models are tested to investigate the differences caused by the turbulence models. The calculated results around the two VLCC hull forms using O-O grid topology and profile-fitted surface meshes are compared to the measured data from towing tank experiment. The realizable $\textsc{k}-\varepsilon$model provided realistic wake distribution with hook-like shape, while the standard and RNG-based $\textsc{k}-\varepsilon$models failed. It is very encouraging to see that the CFD with relatively simple turbulence closure can tell the difference quantitatively as well as qualitatively for the two hull forms with stern frameline modification.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.9-24
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• 1968

This report is concerned with the optimum design of hyper-aprupt p-n junctiea silion diode and fabriction of this diode usable for electrical tuning application. Impurity profile in the junction was assumed to clean exponential function. With this assunntion, an optimum criterion for designing standard AM radio tuning capacitor was derived. In the diffusion process, after aluminum and antimony as impurties were deposited in vacuum on a P-type silicon wafer, the diffusion was followed by loading the wafer into the high temperature furnace.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.154-161
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• 2005

The durability of a vehicle is a very important performance which can be evaluated from endurance test. This study developed a procedure for determination of a duty cycle theoretically. Vehicle load data is classified and rearranged using standard test road profile. A load pattern and a duty cycles are extracted from classified vehicle data using genetic algorithm. A duty cycle could be utilized in dynamo test to meet required test mileage. The derived duty cycles have been verified by fatigue test through the dynamometer test.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.39-42
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• 2005

H.264, a recently proposed international video coding standard, has adopted context-based adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) as the entropy coding tool in the baseline profile. By combining an adaptive variable length coding technique with context modeling, we can achieve a high degree of redundancy reduction. However, CAVLC in H.264 has weakness that the correct prediction rate of the variable length coding (VLC) table is low in a complex area, such as the boundary of an object. In this paper, we propose a VLC table prediction scheme considering multiple reference blocks; the same position block of the previous frame and the neighboring blocks of the current frame. The proposed algorithm obtains the new weighting values considering correctness of the VLC table for each reference block. Using this method, we can enhance the prediction rate of the VLC table and reduce the bit-rate.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.252-259
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• 2001

It is derived for the temperature profile in a cylindrical and planar shape capillary pumped loop evaporators subject to a uniform heat flux prior to the initiation of boiling using the finite difference method. The results of the analysis allow for the determination of applied power levels for which nucleation is likely to occur only within the vapor grooves of the evaporator while maintaining subcooling in the liquid core, thereby increasing the likelihood of a successful startup. Also, limits are found for which additional increases in the applied heat flux do not increase the temperature difference between the vapor grooves and the wick-liquid core interface. Several advantages of larger diameter evaporators observed experimentally in startup are explained and quantified by the model. This analysis is appropriate for standard capillary pumped loop evaporators during a fully-flooded startup as well as starter pump designs and loop heat pipes.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 1976

This study was undertaken to establish the roentgenocephalometric standards of the Korean children in Hellman dental age III C. The subjects consisted of 33 males and 33 females with the normal occlusion and acceptable profile. The lateral cephalometric films were taken with the teeth in centric occlusion, the soft tissue outline of the nose, lips, and chin was made visible by the low-speed films, 70Kvp, 100Mas. Their linear and angular measurements were performed by Jarabak's methods. The following results were obtained; 1) The author made the tables of standard deviation from the measured values. 2) Each linear measurement of the skull was greater in males than in females. 3) The maxillary basal bones were more protrusive in Korean children than in Caucasian. 4) The degree of the facial convexity was larger in Korean children than in Caucasian. 5) The labial inclination of the upper & lower incisors was greater in Korean children than in Caucasian. The labial inclination of the upper incisor was greater in females, but the labial inclination of the lower incisor was greater in males.