• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2003

I. Purpose In special cases of Total Body Irradiation(TBI), Half Body Irradiation(HBI), Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, E-Wing's sarcoma, lymphosarcoma and neuroblastoma a large field can be used clinically. The dose distribution of a large field can use the measurement result which gets from dose distribution of a small field (standard SSD 100cm, size of field under $40{\times}40cm2$) in the substitution which always measures in practice and it will be able to calibrate. With only the method of simple calculation, it is difficult to know the dose and its uniformity of actual body region by various factor of scatter radiation. II. Method & Materials In this study, using Multidata Water Phantom from standard SSD 100cm according to the size change of field, it measures the basic parameter (PDD,TMR,Output,Sc,Sp) From SSD 180cm (phantom is to the bottom vertically) according to increasing of a field, it measures a basic parameter. From SSD 350cm (phantom is to the surface of a wall, using small water phantom. which includes mylar capable of horizontal beam's measurement) it measured with the same method and compared with each other. III. Results & Conclusion In comparison with the standard dose data, parameter which measures between SSD 180cm and 350cm, it turned out there was little difference. The error range is not up to extent of the experimental error. In order to get the accurate data, it dose measures from anthropomorphous phantom or for this objective the dose measurement which is the possibility of getting the absolute value which uses the unlimited phantom that is devised especially is demanded. Additionally, it needs to consider ionization chamber use of small volume and stem effect of cable by a large field.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.13-24
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• 2022

Construction projects are exposed to various types of risks, which tend to increase. The increasing risks call for contractors' more attentions to forecasting and dealing with these risks. One of the measures to deal with contractors' risks is to forecast or estimate risk cost and include it in the construction budget. Although various researches in relation to risk cost have been observed, little attention has been paid to general contractors' perceptions and current practices in estimating risk cost of construction budget. The objective of the study is to identify and discuss key characteristics and implications based on the survey and analysis of general contractors' perceptions and current practices in estimating risk cost of construction budget. The study shows that there is a gap between the perception and the practice of estimating risk cost, that is, high perception of the importance of risk cost and a relatively low level of practice. It suggests that historical cost data, guidelines and corporate-level standard procedures are required to improve the current practice in addition to sufficient time allocations for risk cost estimating. It discusses that there is a need for using sophisticated estimating techniques including bid data analytics despite a low level of the current adoption, and also proposes that research and development in the field of the sophisticated estimating techniques should be further implemented in order to increase their practicality.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.78
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• pp.87-110
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore the educational philosophy that is the basis for the establishment of Christian alternative schools and the curriculum that is the standard for educational practice accordingly, and to understand in depth the educational philosophy and curriculum, what characteristics are common in each type in the school field. This study also explored the main factors that lead to educational practice in the curriculum. In order to explore these research questions, this study was conducted using interview that is one of the qualitative studies. The subjects of this study are 16 teachers selected from the three types of Christian alternative schools that exist in Korea. Based on our findings and discussion, this study was presented several suggestions. First, in the reality that parents are sending their children to alternative schools for their faith, school leaders and teachers must practice sincere faith education with deep reflection. Second, in order for Christian alternative schools to fulfill their responsibilities as schools and continue to provide a valuable education, it is necessary to integrate Christian worldviews and academics through cooperation with allied organizations. Third, in order to reduce the burden of parents' excessive educational expenses, there should be a civic effort to request financial support from the nation at least for school operating expenses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.464-466
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• 2019

Controllers used in nuclear power plants require high reliability. A controller including a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and a Complex Programmable Logic Device (referred to hereinafter as FPGA) has been applied to many Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) in the past, including the APR1400 (Advanced Power Reactor 1400), a Korean digital nuclear power plant. Initially, the FPGA was considered as a general IC (Integrated Circuit) and verified only by device verification and performance testing. In the 1990s, research on FPGA verification began, and until the FPGA became a chip, it was regarded as software and the software Verification and Validation (V&V) using IEEE 1012-2004 was implemented. Currently, IEC 62566, which is a European standard, has been applied for a lot of verification. This method has been evaluated as the most sensible method to date. This is because the method of verifying the characteristics of SoC (System on Chip), which has been a problem in the existing verification method, is sufficiently applied. However, IEC 62566 is a European standard that has not yet been adopted in the United States and maintains the application of IEEE 1012 for FPGA. IEEE 1012-2004 or IEC 62566 is a technical standard. In practice, various methods are applied to meet technical standards. In this paper, we describe the procedure and important points of verification method of Nuclear Safety Class FPGA applying SoC verification method.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2007

In Korea, Crowds, as well as more complex and larger structures, have been caused more victims in the event of fire. In that situation, EMSS should have done triage the patients according to their severity in the field, treat with standard guidelines as like advanced burn life support and transfer to appropriate facility. But in many cases, they didn't practice like that. The purpose of this study is to give basic data for proper emergency medical services by analysing EMSS of large scaled fire in Korea and suggesting some improvement methods. The improvment methods are like this ; First, developing of protocols about burn patient is needed for EMT and dispatcher. Second, Legal approval for advanced treatment is needed for EMT. Third, Fire-helicoptors are needed in Daejeon and Jeju. And Emergency Medical Helicoptors are needed in EMSS. Forth, more advanced emergency medical centers of burn must be established. Sixth, more pocket-mask and burn sheet are needed for 119 rescuer. Finally, building owners must change inflammable materials as non-inflammable materials and educate fire-prevention and first-aid to employees.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.770-775
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• 2014

According to ICNIRP guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields up to 300GHz, magnetic flux density which range from 3Hz to 150kHz are regulated to lower than $6.25{\mu}T$. In order to comply with its standard, OLEV(On-Line Electric Vehicle) have been designed considering EMF(Electro-Magnetic Field) reduction. However, if a current flowing in power line would be bigger for increasing power transfer efficiency, the established shield system no longer acts their role properly. In this paper, therefore, FCCL(Flexible Copper Clad Laminate) is applied to power line and pick-up devices to solve the problems. Though, the FCCL is normally utilized to insulator on circuit board, because of its high heat resistance characteristic, flexibility and thin properties, it makes effectiveness in the shielding device as well. 4 types of FCCL shielding structure are introduced to power line and pick-up devices. From the results, the FCCL which are placed in proposed positions shows maximum EMF reduction compared to the established shielding structure. Henceforth, if OLEV is applied FCCL shielding structure in practice, it will not only be more safe but also step forward to commercialization near future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.74-79
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• 2002

This paper shows a reasonable design standard factor in commercial buildings, that was made by the systematic and statistical way considering actual conditions, such as investigated electric equipment capacity, electric power consumption, load characteristic, etc., for 23 commercial buildings. With a rapid growth of national economics with the development of intelligence society , electrical energy consumption markedly increased Expecially, it is increased electrical energy consumption in the commercial buildings and thus an energy conservation through efficient use of electricity became more important In our country, the estimation of demand factor and electric equipment capacity are not properly and thus the application of these factors are confusing and different in each electric design of the field.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.3435-3446
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• 1999

The application of Computer Aided Design (CAD) tool to rehabilitative surgery of the hand is a new field of endeavor. It is considered that there are currently no existing systems designed to assist the orthopedic surgeon in planning complex procedures such as tendon transfer operations. Most tendon transfer operations are performed by surgeons on the basis of knowledge and experience gained through years of practice. However, with the help of this computer graphics-based CAD tool for planning tendon paths, the planning and the evaluation for the best operation on patients' hands also may be possible. The purpose of this study was to model kinematically the structure of the hand and design a prototype tendon path planning tool with a standard computer graphics library, in order for surgeons to perform tendon transfer surgery more objectively and quantitatively.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.273-282
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• 2021

Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly, resulting in a pandemic. The virus enters host cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 (TMPRSS2). These enzymes are widely expressed in reproductive organs; hence, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could also impact human reproduction. Current evidence suggests that sperm cells may provide an inadequate environment for the virus to penetrate and spread. Oocytes within antral follicles are surrounded by cumulus cells, which rarely express ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Thus, the possibility of transmission of the virus through sexual intercourse and assisted reproductive techniques seems unlikely. Early human embryos express coronavirus entry receptors and proteases, implying that human embryos are potentially vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 in the early stages of development. Data on the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the human endometrium are sparse. Moreover, it remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 directly affects the embryo and its implantation. A study of the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on pregnancy showed an increase in preterm delivery. Thus, vertical transmission of the virus from mother to fetus in the third trimester is possible, and further data on human reproduction are required to establish this possibility. Based on analyses of existing data, major organizations in this field have published guidelines on the treatment of infertility. Regarding these guidelines, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, reproductive treatment is crucial for the well-being of society and must be continued under suitable regulations and good standard laboratory practice protocols.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.22-36
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• 2023

This study assesses the growth and distribution of research journals indexed in Scopus from 2000 through 2019, using SCImago data for journal and country ranking. A total of 15,484 journals were indexed in Scopus up till 1999, and from 2000 to 2019, 11,037 journals were indexed in Scopus at an average of 581.85 journals per year at an average annual corresponding growth of 2.74%. Of the total journals indexed in Scopus, 41.61% were indexed during the last two decades. Europe is the leading continent publishing nearly 60% of the total world journals, while Africa publishes around 1% of journals, the lowest among all the continents. The United Kingdom, United States (US), China, Brazil, Australia, and Egypt are the leading countries publishing the maximum number of journals from their respective continents. Of the total journals indexed across the world, nearly one-fourth (6,425, 24.23%) are published in the US. Still more, of the 109 journal publishing countries across the world, nearly 90% of journals are published in twenty leading journal publishing countries. Among the 27 major Scopus recognized subject disciplines, the majority (1,606, 6.06%) of journals are published in the field of medicine. The growth of research journals and the growth of research results has moved at a uniform pace, and any asymmetry between the two is bound to result either in the introduction of predatory and dubious journals or in the production of sub-standard research results.