• 센서학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2021

The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), a National Metrology Institute of Korea, participated in the second-round of the international key comparison CCT-K7.2021 of triple point of water (TPW) cells. For the key comparison, three TPW cells, one of which had been used in the old CCT-K7 comparison, were assigned as the national standard of the TPW. The temperature difference (ΔT) between the average of the new and old national standards and ΔT between the new national standard and the transfer standard were measured. The comparison between the new and old national standards indicated a temperature increase of 69.5 µK after both the standards were corrected for the isotopic composition. The uncertainty of the national standard of the TPW temperature was 28 µK, and the uncertainty of ΔT was 14 µK. Three aspects of improvements in the new comparison compared to the old one were noted: (1) inclusion of two quartz cells in the national standard strengthens its long-term stability; (2) the standard deviation associated with the measurement of ΔT was reduced from 21 µK to 9.6 µK; (3) and the measured immersion profile of the TPW cells was much closer to the theoretically predicted dependence.

• 센서학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.448-454
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• 2022

An intralaboratory comparison of the realization of the triple-point temperature of mercury, which is defined as -38.8344℃ on the international temperature scale of 1990 (ITS-90), was conducted at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), the national metrology institute of Korea. To this end, four triple-point-of-mercury cells were compared using the resistance ratio measurement of a standard platinum resistance thermometer to validate the calibration results obtained using the triple-point-of-mercury cells at KRISS. The triple-point temperatures of all the four cells, one of which is designated as the national standard cell, were within 0.3 mK of the national standard. Based on 13 experiments on the four triple-point-of-mercury cells, the uncertainty in the comparison of the triple-point-of-mercury cells was 0.08 mK, and the uncertainty in the realization of the triple-point temperature of mercury was 0.19 mK. The results of the intralaboratory comparison validated that utilizing any of the four triple-point-of-mercury cells would result in the realization of a temperature within 0.3 mK of the average value determined by two key international comparisons for the realization of -38.3844℃ following the ITS-90.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.845-852
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• 2020

3 나노미터 아래의 미래공정에서는 작은 면적의 표준셀(Standard Cell)을 구현하는 데에 많은 기술적인 개선을 요구한다. 따라서 어떠한 기술을 통해 얼마나 작은 면적의 표준셀을 구현할 수 있는지, 그리고 그 영향이 어떠한지 알아보는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 3 나노미터와 이하의 미래공정에서 표준셀 설계를 위해 묻힌 전력망(Buried Power Rail, BPR)과 상호보완 FET(Complementary FET, CFET)이 면적 감소에 얼마나 기여하는지 살펴보며 그 영향을 기생 캐패시턴스 관점에서 분석한다. 본 논문을 통해 상호보완 FET은 4T 이하의 표준셀을 구현할 수 있는 기술이지만, Z-축으로 증가하는 높이만큼 상당한(+18.0% 이상) 기생 Cap의 영향을 받는다는 점을 밝힌다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
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• pp.293-296
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• 2002

Hyperosmotic pressure increased specific antibody productivity ($q_{Ab}$) of recombinant CHO cells (SH2-0.32) while it depressed cell growth. Thus, the use of hyperosmolar medium did not increase the maximum antibody concentration substantially. To overcome this drawback, the feasibility of biphasic culture strategy was investigated. In the biphasic culture, cells were first cultivated in the standard medium with physiological osmolality(294 mOsm/kg) for cell growth. When cells reached the late exponential phase of growth, the spent standard medium was replaced with the fresh hyperosmolar medium (522 mOsm/kg) for antibody production. The ($q_{Ab}$) in growth phase with the standard medium was 2.1 ${\mu}g/10^6cell/day$ while the ($q_{Ab}$) in antibody production phase with the hyperosmolar medium (522 mOsm/kg) was 11.1 ${\mu}g/10^6cell/day$. Northern blot analysis showed a positive relationship between the relative contenet of Ig mRNA and ($q_{Ab}$), indicating that transcriptional regulation was involved in the response of rCHO cells to hyperosmotic pressure. Due to the enhanced ($q_{Ab}$) and increased cell concentration in biphasic culture, the maximum antibody concentration obtained in biphasic culture with 522 mOsm/kg medium exchange was 161% higher than that obtained in batch culture with the standard medium. Taken together, simple biphasic culture strategy based on hyperosmotic culture for improved foreign protein production from rCHO cells is effective in improving antibody production of rCHO cells.

• 약학회지
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2011

Bee venom (BV), which is extracted from honeybees, has been used in traditional Korean medical therapy. Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity contributes to neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study is to investigate the effect of BV on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity on NSC-34 motor neuron cells. To determine the viability of motor neuronal cells, we performed with MTT assays in glutamate-treated NSC-34 cell with BV or without. For the measurement of oxidative stress, DCF assay was used in glutamate-treated NSC-34 motor neuronal cells with BV or without. To investigate the molecular mechanism of BV against glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity in NSC-34 cells, western blot analysis was used. Glutamate significantly decreased cell viability by glutamate dose- or treatment time-dependent manner in NSC-34 cells. However, BV pre-treatment dramatically inhibited glutamate-induced neuronal cell death. Furthermore, we found that BV increased the expression of Bcl-2 protein that is anti-apoptotic protein and reduced the generation of oxidative stress. BV has a neuroprotective role against glutamate neurotoxicity by an increase of anti-apoptotic protein. It suggests that BV may be useful for the reduction of neuronal cell death in neuronal disease models.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1964

The sensitivities of Chlorella ellipsoidea to ${\gamma}$-ray from Cobalt-60 were determined by measuring the photosynthetic and respiratory activities and the changes in phosphate contents in various fractions of the irradited cells, which were further grown in a standard medium after irradiation, were compared to those of non-irradiated normal cells. The photosynthetic and repiratory activities of the cells were almost inversely proportional to the dose of ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated and the photosynthetic activity was more sensitive than the respiratory activity of the cells. The most sensitive to ${\gamma}$-ray was growth activity, followed by photosynthesis, exogenous and endogenous respirations of the cells in decreasing order. Chlorella cells were so resistant to ${\gamma}$-ray comapred with other organisms that about 280,000 r dose of ${\gamma}$-ray irradiaton was necessary to reduce as much as half the subsequent photosynthetic activity. When the irradiated algae were further cultured in a standard medium, the phosphate contents in the fraction of DNA, RNA and phosphoprotein decreased considerably compared with those of non-irradiated normal cells, while the phosphate contents in the fraction of polyphosphates increased than those of control. Therefore, it was deduced that ${\gamma}$-ray inhibited the synthesis of DNA from polyphosphates, that the growth of Chlorella cells were consequently retarded.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 1985

이 논문에서는 standard cell의 layout을 위한 doglegging을 하지 않는 channel 배선 시스템에 대하여 서술할 것이다. 이 시스템은 주어진 net list specification을 만족시키기 위하여, 각각 standard cell 의 직선 배열 결합인 두 row 사이의 구평 track에서 이층의 최종 배선 패턴을 만들어 준다. 이 논문에서 사용한 CMOS cell library는 9개의 기본 cell을 가지고 있으며, Mead-Cogway 방식에서의 A-2micron을 사용하여 CIF(Caltech Intermediate From) 형태로 표현되었다. Component library에는 각 cell 내의 pin들의 이름. 위치 및 layer type 등의 입출력 port 특성이 저장되어서, CROUT라는 channel routing program에서 입력 자료로 사용된다. 또 다른 program NETPLOT은 routing 결과를 개략적으로 도시하여 주며, NETCIF에서는 최종의 자세한 layout을 CIF file로 만들어 주고 있다. 기본 cell을 이온하여 set/reset이 있는 dynamic Raster-slave형 D flip-flop에 대한 channel routing의 경우 VAX l1/780 에서 4초의 CPU 시간이 소요되었다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.333-336
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• 1999

In this paper, a new high speed parallel input and parallel output GF(2$^{m}$ ) multiplier based on standard basis is proposed. The concept of the multiplication in standard basis coordinates gives an easier VLSI implementation than that of the dual basis. This proposed algorithm and method of implementation of the GF(2$^{m}$ ) multiplication are represented by two kinds of basic cells (which are the generalized and fixed basic cell), and the minimum critical path with pipelined operation. In the case of the generalized basic cell, the proposed multiplier is composed of $m^2$ basic cells where each cell has 2 two input AND gates, 2 two input XOR gates, and 2 one bit latches Specifically, we show that the proposed multiplier has smaller complexity than those proposed in 〔5〕.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2005년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
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• pp.28-32
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• 2005

Epifluorescence microscopy and direct viable counting methods have shown that only 0.01-0.1% of all the microbial cells from marine environments form colonies on standard agar plates. To culture novel marine microorganisms, high throughput culturing (HTC) techniques were developed to isolate cells in very low nutrient media. This approaches was designed to address microbial metabolic precesses that occur at natural substrate concentrations and cell densities, which are typically about three orders of magnitude less than in common laboratory media. Approximately 5000 cultures of pelagic marine bacteria were examined over the course of 3 years. Up to 14% of cells from coastal seawater were cultured using this method, a number that is 1400 to 140-fold higher than obtained by traditional microbiological culturing techniques. Among the cultured organisms are many unique phylogenetic lineages that have been named as new phyla (7), orders (2, 5, 12), families (3), and genera (1, 4, 6). Over 90% of the cells recovered by this method do not replicate in standard agar plating, the most common method of microbial cell cultivation.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.713-724
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• 1995

In 1954 Frame, Robinson and Thrall [5] gave the hook formula for the number of standard Young tableaux of a given shape. Since then many proofs for the hook formula have been given using various methods. See [9] forprobabilistic method and see [6] or [12] for combinatorial ones. Regev [10] has given asymptotic values for these numbers and Gouyou-Beauchamps [8] gave exact formulas for the number of standard Young tableaux having n cells and at most k rows in the cases k = 4 and k = 5.