• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2004

Safety, accessibility and distinguishment as the concept of architectural planning and design are demanded in staircases due to increase of the old aged people and disabled people's enlarged social participation. In this research is tried to provide the importance of vertical walking function at the design for the staircases. For this reason, structural elements of the staircases are studied in the ergonomic aspect for barrier-free environment and a comparative study is made on the regulations of the staircases in the inside and outside of the country in disabled & aged people's view. Based on this study, the quality of the staircases in public facilities and Apartments is analyzed. As the result, it has been proved that the vertical walking function of the staircases is the most fundamental characteristic of the staircases design before everything else.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.403-406
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a supervoxel clustering-based staircase extraction algorithm to obtain poses and dimensions of staircases from a point cloud. In order to effectively reduce the candidate points and accelerate supervoxel clustering, large planes in the scene, such as walls, floors, and ceilings, are eliminated while scanning the environment. Next, staircase candidates with small planes are initially estimated using supervoxel clustering. Then, parameter values for the staircases are refined, and higher staircases that remain undetected due to occlusion are predicted and generated virtually. Experimental results show that staircases are detected accurately and predicted successfully.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.283-295
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• 2019

During the seismic performance assessment of existing buildings, staircases are generally not taken into account as structural members but as dead load. Staircases, as secondary structural members, not only serve for connecting successive floors but also provide considerable amount of strength and stiffness to the building which can modify its seismic behaviour considerably. In this parametric study, the influence of staircases on the seismic response of substandard RC frame buildings which differ in number of storey and span, presence of staircase and its position has been examined. Modal Analyses and bi-directional Non-Linear Time History Analyses (NLTHA) were conducted to compare several engineering demand parameters (EDPs) such as inter-storey drift ratio (ISDR), floor accelerations, modal properties, member shear forces and plastic hinge distribution. Additionally, short column effect, variation in shear forces of columns that are attached to the staircase slab, failure and deformation in staircase models have also been investigated. As the staircase was considered in the analytical model, a different damage pattern can be developed especially in the structural components close to staircase.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.21-30
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• 2017

Due to the rapidly aging population, the death rate of elderly people by safety accidents has been increasing. In particular, precautions are needed for falls prevention because they either directly or indirectly cause death. In the case of elderly people, most of the fall accidents occur in dense residential areas, and particularly, the staircase poses a risk of falling. Therefore, a safety assessment should be performed from the design phase. However, in general, staircases are designed using existing stair data or only aims to satisfy the installation criteria. Laws and regulations only define minimum requirements for safety, so it is not possible to prevent fall accidents even if they satisfy the requirements. Therefore, this study proposes a simulation-based method for evaluating the safety of staircases. The behavioral characteristics of the elderly are implemented to an virtual user in a virtual space including staircases, and fall accidents are evaluated by the evaluation logic related to the behavioral characteristics. The result shows that the safety of staircases can be preevaluated and reflected on the design to reduce the possibility of fall accidents of the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.181-193
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• 2015

High-frequency staircases are widely used nowadays to meet aesthetics and functionality needed in modern architecture. Unfortunately, no design guide is available in domestic practice to predict response or evaluate the vibration performance of high-frequency staircases. SCI-P354 published by the Steel Construction Institute of UK provides the formula for effective impulsive force. However, this formula was shown to overestimate the response of high-frequency staircases excited by fast ascending and descending over 2.2Hz pace frequency because it was developed based on the walking test in a slow pace frequency. This study proposes a semi-analytical formula to predict the response of stiff staircases based on analytical and experimental studies of response acceleration for various walking frequencies covering 1.4~4.5Hz.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1146-1153
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• 2022

As the population is aging, accidents involving elderly people are also increasing (2014:11,667 persons; 2018: 11,797 persons). In the case of the elderly population, falling accidents are the primary direct or indirect causes of death; in particular, they face an elevated risk of staircase falls. This study proposes a method of evaluating the safety of staircases using Building Information Modeling (BIM)-based virtual simulation. By making a virtual user with the behavioral characteristics of the elderly respond to a staircase in a BIM model, its safety performance can be evaluated. The evaluation criteria were derived from regulations, elements, and characteristics relevant to the safety of staircases. To validate the proposed method, safety evaluation tests were simulated on actual staircases. The evaluation result of the test simulation shows the safety scores of 1.97 points for the elderly user and 2.95 points for the average male adult user against a required safety score of a minimum of 2 points. That is, safety is relative to users as the safety of the same staircase can be different depending upon the different behavioral characteristics of users. The study suggests that the risk of staircase-related fall accidents to the elderly can be reduced by improving staircase designs through the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.173-174
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• 2004

The Great Wall is an element in University which stand outs as a landmark. The Great Wall is located in front of the grand staircases of the gymnasium in the main gate area. Falling water and Lights shows a spectacle panorama in various point of view. Water falls down the top of the grand staircases and the front walls. And the red, blue and green lights brighten the falling water in the evenings. Also the relief of the palm tree and turtle symbolizes the University Identity. The wall is comprehends not only the day and the night but four seasons. The Water, Lights, and the Relief are coordinates well along with the new building in campus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.63-69
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• 2015

In this study, a 2D hydrodynamic model equipped with critical dry depth scheme was developed to reproduce the flow over staircase. The channel geometry of hydraulic experiment conducted by Ishigaki et al. was generated in the computational space, and the developed model was validated against flow properties such as discharge, velocity and momentum. In addition, the water surface profile and the velocity distribution evolved in flow over two layers staircases were analyzed. When the initial water depth at the upper floor was 0.3 m, the maximum velocity at lower floor was 4.2 m/s, and the maximum momentum was $1.2m^3/s^2$, and its conversion to force per unit width was 1.2 kN/m. This value was equivalent to the hydrostatic force with 50 cm water depth, and evacuation became difficult, as proposed by Ishigaki et al. For the flow over staircases connecting two layers, the maximum run-up height in flat part connecting two layers was approximately two times higher than the initial water depth in upper floor, and the rapid shock wave with sharp front and long tail was propagated.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2014

The KTX, running in Korea but imported from Alstom Co. in France, has folding type staircases complying with European standard EN 4752. However, when operating, the step size is only 200mm, while the Korean standard step size is 253mm, a standard reflecting the average value of persons aged 20~60. From the aspect of kinesiology, the current step size can cause falls or slips during embarking and disembarking of passengers because body load is mostly focused on the heel and the current step is much more narrow than the standard size. Thus, we have performed an analytical study to check the safety of folding type staircases on the KTX after re-design.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.21-28
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• 2004

This study was carried out to understand the characteristics of stairs in Palladio's villa. The subject of study are selected the twenty two villas with drawing in his book ‘The four books of Architecture’. Their cases are represented the characteristics of stair in architectural composition. Accordingly, it was analyzed and classified the architectural characteristics into space, form and plan at a villa. In conclusion, in aspect of spacial plan, staircases of Palladio's villa was presented more open and light in comparison with darked space of the medieval age. And it was intended to the connection or division between spaces of different character In an aspect of formal plan, dynamic form of stairs was divided into the two types. First, it was represented the effect of articulation in form. Second, stairs were represented the diagonal with the shape of itself. In an aspect of plan, his idea is coexisted with traditional thought and rational idea through the arrangement of symmetry md asymmetry. But at any rate, his concern was sought for the reasonable position. Also, he had represented the various characteristics in stairs such as his works in Renaissance period.