• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.389-400
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• 2007

Purposes: This study was designed to explore the stage distribution of subjects according to stage of change for calcium intake and for exercise, and to identify factors that could discriminate among subjects in various stages. Methods: The sample consisted of 142 subjects who had taken bone mineral densitometry tests. The instruments used in this study were the Stage Placement Instrument for Calcium Intake and Exercise, the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale and the Osteoporosis Knowledge Test, and the Osteoporosis Self Efficacy Scale. Data were analyzed using chi square, ANOVA, and discriminant analysis by using the SPSS 12.0 program. Results: For calcium stages, economic level, calcium knowledge, positive social norms for calcium intake, & educational level showed high standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients. For exercise stages, exercise efficacy, susceptibility, exercise benefit, educational level, positive social norm to exercise, educational level, and exercise barrier showed high standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients. Conclusion: This study implies that bone mass promoting program incorporating a stages of change model can be applied as useful nursing intervention.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.250-265
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an app-based self-management program based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) for breast cancer survivors' exercise practice, as well as to investigate the program's effects on the stage of change for exercise, exercise self-efficacy, exercise decisional balance, exercise amount, and body composition. Methods: This non-randomized controlled study included 52 participants (26 in each of the experimental and control groups, respectively). An app-based self-management program based on the TTM was conducted with the experimental group for a 12-week period. The program comprised three components: individual coaching for each stage of change for exercise based on TTM, amount of exercise and body composition monitoring, and online self-help meetings. Results: Compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly higher stages of change for exercise (p < .001), exercise self-efficacy (p < .001), exercise decisional balance (p = .002), exercise amount (p < .001), and body composition (body weight [p = .006], body mass index [p = .005], and body fat percentage [p = .010]) immediately and four weeks after the intervention. Conclusion: An app-based self-management program based on the TTM improves exercise behaviors in breast cancer survivors and provides physical benefits.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2015

Background: Many people are suffering from neck and shoulder pain due to muscle weakness, muscle fatigue, lack of exercise and accidents during exercise. In this study we compared the effects of McKenzie method and Mulligan technique method. Method: we randomly selected men(10) and women(10) and they are the 20s students of Busan material K college. We divided for McKenzie exercise group and Mulligan exercise group. McKenzie exercise and mulligan exercise applied cervical area three times a week for three weeks. We compared with pre-experiment and after 1~3 week through measuring the electromyography (EMG) change and neck range of motion (ROM). Results: The changes in the EMG at each exercise group, there was a statistically significant difference in each week. Although there was a significant difference after 1 week between the exercise group, the changes in the neck ROM at each exercise group there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: After experiment, EMG and neck ROM were increased in McKenzie exercise group and Mulligan exercise group. But Mulligan exercise group showed the change better than McKenzie exercise group in early stage. We suggest the Mulligan exercise method for recovering in early stage of neck ROM.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.437-447
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• 2020

The study was performed to identify the process of change, decisional balance, self-efficacy and social support corresponding to the stage of exercise behavior change and the applicability of social support of women in nursing college based on a Transtheoretical Model. The subjects consisted of 223 women in nursing college by convenience sampling and the data were analyzed by IBM SPSS 21.0 program. The subjects were distributed in each stage of change of behaviors: 17.9% in the precontemplation stage, 54.3% in the contemplation stage, 16.6% in the preparation stage, 4.5% in the action stage and 6.7% in the maintenance stage. Analysis of variance showed that consciousness raising, dramatic relief, self reevaluation, social liberation, counter conditioning, helping relationship, reinforcement management, self liberation, stimulus control, pros, cons and self-efficacy were significantly associated with the stages of exercise behaviors. But there was no significant difference in social support. The transtheoretical model would be applicable to explain the exercise behavior of women in nursing college. This study will be useful information for developing effective exercise programs considering nursing female students' stages of change in exercise behavior.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2008

This study is a descriptive research attempted to examine the exercise practice of junior high school students and figure out their changing process, decision-making balance, and self-efficacy according to the exercise practice so that they can be utilized as fundamental data for developing exercise intervention programs for junior high school students. The study subjects were students from five junior high schools in B City. Total 600 questionnaires were distributed, and 554 responded ones were analyzed. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/Win 10.0. According to the results of analyzing the subjects with the exercise changing stage tool, exercise non-practice group including the precontemplation stage, contemplation stage, and preparation stage occupies 57.6% while the exercise practice group including the action stage and maintenance stage consists of 42.4%. And according to the results of discriminating analysis setting total 10 factors of transtheoretical model variables as predictive factors to predict each group based on whether they practice exercise or not, it was found out that the subordinate factors of the changing process, consciousness-raising (F=33.98, p=.000), self-cognitive decision (F=21.55, p=.000), contrary condition provision (F=84.67, p=.000), helping relationship (F=28.52, p=.000), reinforced thinking (F=14.15, p=.000), and stimulus control (F=54.64, p=.000), and the subordinate factors of the decision-making balance, beneficial factors (F=15.65, p= .000) and hindering factors (F=8.58, p=.004), and self-efficacy (F=78.60. p=.000) were significant predictive factors and discriminating variables. Based on the research findings above, it will be necessary to develop exercise intervention programs sufficiently reflecting the changing process, decision-making balance, and self-efficacy suitably for the subjects and make strategies to encourage their active participation and exercise maintenance, through verifying transtheoretical model variables according to whether the junior high school students practice exercise or not.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.276-284
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• 2013

This study compared levels of health and dietary behavior practices and health beliefs according to the stage of weight loss behavior change of Korean male workers. A self-administered survey questionnaire was collected from 411 male adult workers residing in Seoul, Kyeonggi, Chungcheong region. Practices of health related behavior, including smoking, drinking, exercise, work related physical activity, and dietary behavior according to dietary guidelines were evaluated. In addition, the levels of perceived benefit, perceived barrier, perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and perceived cue to action from the health belief model were measured according to the stages of weight loss behavior change. Significant differences in BMI, level of daily exercise, and practices of dietary behavior according to dietary guidelines were observed among stages of weight loss behavior change. Subjects who were in action/maintenance stage showed a more desirable level of health behavior and health belief model variables, except perceived barrier. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that subjects with different stages of behavior change need an appropriate specific nutrition education method and material for improvement of nutrition education efficacy.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.262-268
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the differences by the stages of change in exercise behaviors of caregivers based on Transtheoretical Model. Methods: The subjects were consisted of randomly chosen 105 caregivers working in a nursing home. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square test, ANOVA and Duncan test using IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Results: The results showed that in the stages of exercise behaviors, there were most participants in contemplation stage with 24.7%, followed by 22.8% in preparation, 21.9% maintenance, 19.0% action and 11.4% pre-contemplation. As for the process of change by the stages of change in exercise behaviors, it showed statistically significant differences in behavioral strategies (F=7.64, p<.001). In decisional balance, pros (F=3.75, p=.007) showed statistical significance, with higher pros in all stages except pre-contemplation. Self-efficacy was also statistically significant (F=6.25, p<.001), especially in the maintenance stage. Conclusion: This study suggested that in order to encourage caregivers to exercise, a strategic intervention to reinforce the process of change, recognition of positive decision-making and promotion of self-efficacy in exercise behaviors should be developed.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.219-227
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze relations among the stages of exercise change, exercise self-schema, and temptation of quitting exercise to figure out changes to the exercise behavior according to a psychological process. For this purpose, the study used total 297 questionnaires from adults using a public sports center. Collected data was treated with the SPSS 18.0 program, being put to the test through exploratory factor analysis, MANOVA, multiple regression analysis, and discriminant analysis. The findings were as follows: first, there were differences in exercise self-schema according to the stages of exercise change; second, there were differences in the temptation of quitting exercise between coaches and burnout according to the stages of exercise change; third, behavioral self-schema and burnout were major factors to distinguish the stages of exercise change; and finally, exercise self-schema had negative effects on burnout, and cognitive-emotional self-schema had negative effects on affect.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.147-157
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the related factors of change affecting the stages of change for exercise, on the assumption that there are various stages of change in the exercise behavior of women in nursing college. Methods: The subjects were 496 female college students in D city. The research instruments were stages of change for exercise behavior, the process of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy. The dates were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The distribution of the subjects across the stages was: pre-contemplation, 17.7%; contemplation, 58.7%; preparation, 19.0%; action, 2.8%; maintenance, 1.8%. Analysis of variance showed that cognitive process (F=17.26, p<0.01), behavioral process (F=27.05, p<0.01), the pros of decisional-balance (F=7.07, p<0.01), the cons of decision-balance (F=5.82, p<0.01), and self efficacy (F=17.79, p<0.01) were significantly associated with the change of exercise behavior stages. The related factors of change affecting the change of exercise behavior stage were the cons of decision-making, counter conditioning, self re-evaluation, and body mass index, including 28.4% R-square. Conclusion: The transtheoretical model would be applicable to explain the exercise behavior of some women in nursing college. So, this study will be useful information for developing effective exercise behavior programs considering female students' stages of change.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.59-75
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• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the stages of change distributions for nine major health behaviors among poor children in underserved area, and to provide basic information for developing specific objectives and strategies for health education program. Methods: The health behavior data were obtained with a self-administered questionnaire and analysed for 3,081 poor children in 106 local children's centers nationwide. Stages of change classification were based on self-reported responses to five statements. The health behaviors included were balanced diet, safety behavior (helmet and protective device use while riding), regular exercise, smoking, alcohol use, drug use, sleep pattern, weight management and stress management. Results: Poor children were more likely in precontemplation and less frequently in action and maintenance stages for a safety behavior. 33.1% of respondents were precontemplators, 29.9% contemplators, and 6.5% in preparation stage. Only 4.3% and 9.6% were in action and maintenance stages, respectively. Gender differences were apparent. Boys were more likely to be precontemplators for nine health behaviors. Children from the lowest socioeconomic status and disrupted family were more likely to be in precontemplation for weight management and exercise behaviors. Children living with both parents were more likely to be in the action and maintenance stages for nine health behaviors. Stages of change for balanced diet and smoking were significantly related with those for other eight health behaviors. And the stage of exercise adoption was found to be significantly related with those for other seven health behaviors. Conclusion: Safety education must receive high priority in health education program for low income children. Balanced diet smoking cessation and regular exercise could be a possible gateway behavior toward healthier lifestyle practices.