• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.655-658
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• 2006

Purpose: The main goals of correcting syndactyly of the hand are to form normal web appearance and to prevent motor dysfunction. We modified the original three-square-flap to improve interdigital web space and to reduce the wound healing problem due to tension. Methods: From July 2005 to February 2006, three cases of moderate to minor syndactyly were treated using modified three-square-flap. These flaps were made in such as way that the A flap from dorsal side, the B flap from the interdigital surface, and the C flap from the volar side. We modified the design of dorsal A flap as a hourglass shape instead of square shape to make normal hourglass shaped interdigital web and to reduce the tension of closure with other two flaps(B and C flap). The B and C flap were made as square shape. Results: During 4 to 10 months follow-up period, acceptable esthetic results were obtained without any specific complication, using our modification of the three-square-flap. Conclusion: Our method showed more satisfactory web appearance and was safe to use even in the cases of syndactyly secondary to burns and post-traumatic scars because of excellent blood circulation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.20-25
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• 2009

We propose hardware architecture of floating-point square root and inverse square root arithmetic units using lookup tables. They are used for lighting engines and shader processor for 3D graphic processing. The architecture is based on Taylor series expansion and consists of lookup tables and correction units so that the size of look-up tables are reduced. It can be applied to 32 bit floating point formats of IEEE-754 and reduced 24 bit floating point formats. The square root and inverse square root arithmetic units for 32 bit and 24 bit floating format number are designed as the proposed architecture. They can operation in a single cycle, and satisfy the precision of $10^{-5}$ required by OpenGL 1.x ES. They are designed using Verilog-HDL and the RTL codes are verified using an FPGA.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2001

There are three designs of thread form in screw type implants: V-thread, Reverse buttress thread and Square thread. The purpose of this study was to find out how thread form designs have an influence on the equivalent stress, equivalent strain, maximum shear stress and maximum shear strain and which design of thread form generates more maximum equivalent stress and strain. 3-D finite element analysis was used to evaluate the stress and strain patterns of three tread types. The results of this study were as follow. 1. Under the 200N of axial load, the value of maximum equivalent stress is smallest in square thread and there is no significant difference between that of V thread and reverse buttress thread. 2. Under the 200N of axial load, the value of maximum equivalent strain is largest in V thread and smallest in square thread. 3. Under the 200N of axial load, the value of maximum shear stress is smallest in square thread and there is no significant difference between that of V thread and reverse buttress thread. 4. Under the 200N of axial load, the value of maximum equivalent strain is largest in V thread and there is no significant difference between that of square thread and reverse buttress thread. 5. Above results show that the square thread has special advantages in stress and strain compared with other thread types, especially in shear stess which is most determinant to implant-bone interface. Considering the superior biomechanical properties of square form implant, we presume that square form implant has better clinical results than the other types of implants in the same clinical conditions.

• Korean Architects
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• s.598
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• pp.88-105
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• 2019

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.811-827
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• 2015

This paper presents a probabilistic investigation of American and European specifications (i.e., AISC and Eurocode 4) for square concrete-filled steel tubular (CFT) stub columns. The study is based on experimental results of 100 axially loaded square CFT stub columns from the literature. By comparing experimental results for ultimate loads with code-predicted column resistances, the uncertainty of resistance models is analyzed and it is found that the modeling uncertainty parameter can be described using random variables of lognormal distribution. Reliability analyses were then performed with/without considering the modeling uncertainty parameter and the safety level of the specifications is evaluated in terms of sufficient and uniform reliability criteria. Results show that: (1) The AISC design code provided slightly conservative results of square CFT stub columns with reliability indices larger than 3.25 and the uniformness of reliability indices is no better because of the quality of the resistance model; (2) The uniformness of reliability indices for the Eurocode 4 was better than that of AISC, but the reliability indices of columns designed following the Eurocode 4 were found to be quite below the target reliability level of Eurocode 4.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.265-275
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to identify the most stable boring shape among the circle, square, and inverted-triangle types in order to be applied to the development of a tractor-pulled underdrain boring device. Methods: The underdrain boring devices designed with the circle, inverted triangle, and square types were analyzed by numerical analysis, and they were evaluated by soil moisture and underground water level in the test field. Results: The results of the numerical analysis indicated that the increases in displacement, and strain when a uniform load is placed on the surface soil with soil weight were in the order of the inverted-triangle type, square type, and circle type. The soil moisture content and the underground water level after rainfall showed the largest difference in the order of the circle type, square type, and inverted-triangle type, indicating that the circle type had the largest drainage effects after rainfall. Conclusions: The overall findings of this study show that the circle type is the most stable among the circle, square, and inverted-triangle types.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.559-571
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• 2020

This study aimed to inspect the axial compression mechanical performance of basalt-fiber-reinforced recycled - concrete (BFRRC)-filled square steel tubular stub column. The replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and the basalt fiber (BF) dosage were used as variation parameters, and the axial compression performance tests of 15 BFRRC-filled square steel tubular stub column specimens were conducted. The failure mode and the load-displacement/strain curve of the specimen were measured. The working process of the BFRRC-filled square steel tubular stub column was divided into three stages, namely, elastic-elastoplasticity, sudden drawdown, and plasticity. The influence of the design parameters on the peak bearing capacity, energy dissipation performance, and other axial compression performance indexes was discussed. A mathematical model of segmental stiffness degradation was proposed on the basis of the degradation law of combined secant-stiffness under axial compression. The full-process curve equation of axial compressive stress-strain was proposed by introducing the influencing factors, including the RCA replacement ratio and the BF dosage, and the calculated curve agreed well with the test-measured curve.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.7-15
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• 1995

An application-oriented approach to automatic pass schedule design in shape rolling was presented in this paper. The design approach and its related program are composed of several modules for input data, graphic display, data processing, calculation of design information, drawing of detailed pass shapes, database management and finite element analysis for design verification. The developed program was applied to automatic pass schedule design for a square-to-round bar shape rolling.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.208-213
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• 2014

National-wide and/or large scale sample surveys generally use complex sample design. Traditional Pearson chi-square test is not appropriate for the categorical complex sample data. Rao-Scott suggested an adjustment method for Pearson chi-square test, which uses the average of eigenvalues of design matrix of cell probabilities. This study is to compare the efficiency of Rao-Scott first order adjusted test to Wald test for homogeneity between two populations using 2009 Gyeongnam regional education offices's customer satisfaction survey (2009 GREOCSS) data. The 2009 GREOCSS data were collected based on stratified three-stage cluster sampling with probability proportional to size. The empirical results show that the Rao-Scott adjusted test statistic using only the variances of cell probabilities is very close to the Wald test statistic, which uses the covariance matrix of cell probabilities, under the 2009 GREOCSS data based. However it is necessary to be cautious to use the Rao-Scott first order adjusted test statistic in the place of Wald test because its efficiency is decreasing as the relative variance of eigenvalues of the design matrix of cell probabilities is increasing, specially more when the number of degrees of freedom is small.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.258-261
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• 2007

The objective of this paper is to examine the ways in which to implement MEPS method for setting the design and operational limits in order to provide the guaranteed performance of the aircraft engine. Direct adder arithmetically added and related with the effects of ambient humidity, engine quality, throttle set tolerance and deterioration, etc is described with the random adder added in root square sum. The method was applied on the preliminary design of 4,000Ib class turbofan engine and the MEPS for engine component design and operational margin was generated.