• 전기의세계
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.49-55
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• 1979

During severe emergencies which result in insufficient generation to meet load, an automatic load shedding method considering the spinning and operating reserve can establish the optimum system operation. This paper presents methods and results of a study on the optimum operating scheme with spinning and operating reserve power in case of outage of large generator units to prevent frequency decay and continue stable operation. This study covers following three parts 1) Analysis of spinning reserve characteristics 2) Determination of operating reserve requirements 3) Development of the optimum load shedding programs By this study the optimum system operating method was recommended for reliable operation of power system.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.11
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• pp.1495-1504
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• 2013

Renewable energy integration and increased system complexities make system operator maintain supply and demand balance harder than before. To keep the grid frequency in a stable range, an appropriate spinning reserve margin should be procured with consideration of ever-changing system situation, such as demand, wind power output and generator failure. This paper propose a novel concept of dynamic reserve, which arrange different spinning reserve margin depending on time. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic reserve, we developed a new short-term reliability criterion that estimates the probability of a spinning reserve shortage events, thus indicating grid frequency stability. Uncertainties of demand forecast error, wind generation forecast error and generator failure have been modeled in probabilistic terms, and the proposed spinning reserve has been applied to generation scheduling. This approach has been tested on the modified IEEE 118-bus system with a wind farm. The results show that the required spinning reserve margin changes depending on the system situation of demand, wind generation and generator failure. Moreover the proposed approach could be utilized even in case of system configuration change, such as wind generation extension.

• 전기의세계
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.97-102
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• 1975

This paper describes the result of a Study for the Optimum Operating method with Spinning reserve in case of outage of large generator unit to improve the system stability and prevent the system frequency drop. This is usually done by governor free operation, so we focused our attention to the operating Char acteristics of spinning reserve. Nexy, a study was made to mesure the upper limit of Spinning reserve and when this upper limit cannot match the required power, a relationship between the amount of spinning reserve and that of the load shedding requirement was searched with regard to several system operating conditions to use it in our future system operation. By this study, the optimum system operating method was recommended for reliable operation of power system.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

Total capacity of pumped hydro storage(PHS) in Korean power system reaches 4,700MW, though the share of it is about 4.56% of total capacity The Unit Commitment program, E-terracommit which is used for the operational purpose by KPX, includes the PHS model. But the model has a defect that it does not include the information of water level of upper reservoir. Therefore two types of improved the PHS models are represented in this paper. The first model is a optimized model by connecting the upper reservoir water level to the non-spinning reserve. The other model is to have priority allocate both the PHS and combined cycle generator for non-spinning reserve. The proposed two models and the E-terracommit model is compared and resulting to have improvement in estimating non-spinning reserve when using the proposed models.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.826-832
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• 2003

This paper presents a new linking methodology of direct load control(DLC) and unit commitment(UC) considering system spinning reserve characteristics. To consider system spinning reserve characteristics, we formulate new constraints. And to link DLC and UC, we employed 3-Dimensional dynamic programming which has DLC state, UC state, and stage. As a result, economical DLC and UC schedule of the power system is possible. This method is applied to the test system, and the usefulness of the method is verified.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.594-597
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• 2003

To link direct load control and economic operation considering system spinning reserve characteristics, this paper presents a new metholodogy. By formulating new constraints, considering system spinning reserve characteristics is possible. And by employing 3-D dynamic programming, linking direct load control and economic operation is possible. As a result, economical DLC and operation schedule of the power system is possible. The usefulness of the method is verified by applying to the test system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1995.07b
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• pp.524-527
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• 1995

This paper deals with the optimal dynamic dispatch problem owing to spinning-reserve and power-rate limits. Two computational modules are used in the solution of the problems. The first is an efficient dispatch module for the consideration of reasonable spinning-reserve requirements. The latter os the Lagrange multipliers adjusting module, which is satisfying the Kuhn-Tucker conditions for power-rate constraints. The proposed algorithm obtains very fast solution speed and maintains good accuracy from test examples.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.751-753
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• 2005

In this raper, Economic value of reserve margin i.i presented by opportunity cost for Korean power system, and the level of compensation for spinning reserve that is necessary to operate power system stably is proposed. The generator that is giving up for opportunity to participate in energy market must take opportunity cost. it is relative to not only whole demand level but also marginal cost of each resource. In this paper, assume that all resource in Korea is equivalent to six generator for simulation. and we evaluate value of reserve in the time of high demand and low demand. Also we propose the way to improve a evaluation method by examine relationship between capacity payment and value of reserve.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1995.07b
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• pp.581-583
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• 1995

This paper presents a theory on the pricing and allocation of spinning reserve. It is shown in this paper, that it is possible to maintain system security with many participants each attempting to optimize their own benefit, through pricing incentive. Participant offers power consumption/generation and reserve contribution according to its price. And Price setter only distribute pricing signal to acquire system security. Participants induce disturbance on power system and they pay the penalty according to the size of disturbance. And they also offers some reserve capacity to earn reserve cost. In this scheme, the amount of data communication is very small.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07b
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• pp.790-792
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• 1996

According to increase in electric power demand, the increasing rate of peak load compared with that of base load grows larger every year. Thus this paper deals with the optimal dynamic dispatch problem due to power rate limits and spinning reserve with loss or without loss. The first is adjusting module for gradual change of generator power by Object-Oriented Programming. The latter is an efficient dispatch module for the consideration of reasonable spinning reserve requirements. The proposed algorithm has been shown efficiency in real power system with loss.