• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.145-150
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• 2010

The regenerated silk fibroin with various molecular weights (MW) was prepared by different dissolution condition and the effect of coagulant on the wet spinnability of the various MW silk fibroin solutions dissolved in formic acid was investigated by the observation of wet spun filament in coagulant and the measurement of maximum draw ratio. The observation on the wet spun filament in coagulation bath revealed that good fibers without bead were formed in a high MW and a very high MW silk fibroin samples. In contrast, beads were observed in the silk fibroin sample with medium MW. The maximum draw ratio of wet spun silk fibroin filament decreased with MW reduction. The decrease of maximum draw ratio in isopropanol, acetone, DMF and THF was remarkably higher than that in methanol and ethanol, indicating that the coagulant type strongly influenced the wet spinnability. The two simple evaluation methods used in this study showed complementary information for wet spinnability: (a) The observation of filament in coagulant was effective to check a continuous fiber formation and a bead formation, and (b) the maximum draw ratio measurement was useful to examine the post drawing ability related to molecular orientation.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2010

In this paper, the regenerated silk fibroins were dissolved in LiBr aqueous solution with different dissolution temperature and time, and the effects of the dissolution condition on the regeneration yield, molecular weight, wet spinnability, and electrospinnability of regenerated silk fibroin were investigated. The regeneration yield, molecular weight distribution, and wet spinnability of regenerated silk fibroin were nearly affected by the dissolution temperature and time. However, the electrospinning performance of silk fibroin was influenced by the dissolution condition implying the electrospinning of silk fibroin is more sensitive process than the wet spinning in the range tested in this study. While $25^{\circ}C$ of dissolution temperature resulted in a good electrospinnability of regenerated silk fibroin, the electrospinnability was slightly deteriorated when silk fibroin was dissolved at $60^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours. Also, though the fiber diameters of electrospun silk fibroin produced by the dissolution at $25^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours and 24 hours were 443 and 451 nm, respectively, that at $60^{\circ}C$ for 5 min was reduced to 411 nm. The fiber diameter was more decreased to 393 nm when the dissolution time increased up to 6 hours at $60^{\circ}C$.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.181-185
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• 2009

In this paper, the regenerated silk fibroin (SF)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) blend filaments were prepared by wet spinning and the effect of HPMC concentration on the post drawing and morphology of blend filaments was elucidated. The result of maximum draw ratio indicated that the wet spinnability of wet spun SF / HPMC was improved with increasing HPMC concentration until 8% and remained constant after that concentration. The SEM observation revealed that the enhanced wet spinnability of blend filaments was strongly related to the morphological change by increasing HPMC concentration. Regardless of HPMC concentration, as SF content was reduced, the wet spinnability of blend film decreased resulting in reduced maximum draw ratio. It was also found by SEM observation that the cross section of blend filament deviated from circularity with an increase of HPMC content.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.14 no.9 s.81
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• pp.764-771
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• 2005

This study is related with the development of CNC spinning machine and the axisymmetric conventional spinning such as drum type and conical type steel shells. The CNC spinning machine is constructed with heavy duty frame and the hydraulic servo system is applied in order to give the exactness of motion control. The experiment has been carried out considering feeding velocity, mandrel shape, and the corner radius of mandrel and forming rollers. As a result of experiment, the limiting spinning ratio and thickness strain distribution are obtained and it can be seen that the spinnability is dominant to the feeding velocity and corner radius of forming roller. This research can contribute to the development of axisymmetric mechanical part which is applicable to automotive and aerospace industry.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2015

Discontinuous, polycrystalline $Al_2O_3$-dispersed TZP fibers were prepared by the centrifugal spinning of a colloidal $ZrO_2$ sol containing Y and Al nitrates and poly(vinyl alcohol). Factors affecting the rheological properties of the sols, such as sol concentrations, aging, and the amounts and types of additives, were investigated by measuring the shear viscosities. The flow characteristics of the sols were studied in relation to the spinnability by measuring the viscosity with respect to the shear rate. The spinnability was obtained through the addition of a polymer which increases the viscosity to a range of optimum viscosity values for spinning. Aging the sols containing the additives did not noticeably change the sol viscosities at room temperature up to 30 days. The flow behavior of the spinnable sols progressively changed from nearly Newtonian to pseudoplastic with an increase in the sol concentration.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.465-470
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• 1999

Many researchers have, nowadays, studied on spinning which can produce highly qualified products by CNC spinning machine equipped with hydraulic devices. The products have continuous metal flow which improves fatigue life, yield point, tensile strength and hardness. This study is to investigate the influence of various working conditions on the spinnability of cylindrical cups such as feed rate(ν), feed pitch(p), angle of roller holder(α), and the inclination angle of first roller path. Through experiments the feed rate of (0.4∼0.7) mm/rev was shown to give the drawing ratio of 2.5 when the angle of roller holder was 5°, However, by increasing the angle of roller holder from 5°to 20°, the range of feed rate which can produce deeper cups became wider and the spinnability was also improved. The optimum working conditions, for the maximum formability of aluminum sheet metal as well as dimensional accuracy of spun cups, are presented and discussed.

• Carbon letters
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.70-80
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• 2011

Two pitches with different average molecular structures were electrospun and compared in terms of the properties of their fibers after oxidative stabilization, carbonization, and activation. The precursor with a higher molecular weight and greater content of aliphatic groups (Pitch A) resulted in better solubility and spinnability compared to that with a lower molecular weight and lower aliphatic group content (Pitch B). The electrical conductivity of the carbon fiber web from Pitch A of 67 S/cm was higher than that from Pitch B of 52 S/cm. The carbon fiber web based on Pitch A was activated more readily with lower activation energy, resulting in a higher specific surface area compared to the carbon fiber based on Pitch B (Pitch A, 2053 $m^2/g$; Pitch B, 1374 $m^2/g$).

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.432-438
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• 2011

A method for estimating the shear spinnability is suggested, and it was applied to sheets of Ti-6Al-4V alloy for estimation of shear spinnability at hot working temperature. The effective working temperature was $850^{\circ}C$ or above. The hot spinning operation was carried out in two steps of shear spinning. The reduction of thickness at the first step was 50% and 45% at the second, and the overall reduction of thickness was 72.4%. The cone spinning process could produce a uniform wall thickness with only a few percent tolerance, proving itself appropriate for making cones of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with uniform wall thickness.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.20 no.A
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• pp.29-36
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• 2000

The shape of the polymers in the mixed alkoxide solutions of Si(OC2H5)4 and Zr(n-OC3H7)4 with various water contents (1, 2, 4, and 8 in molar ratio to alkoxide, r) and catalysts was examined by rheological measurements, and its relation with fiber drawing behavior of the solutions was described. It was found that fibers could be drawn in the viscosity range 1~100 P from the acid-catalyzed solutions with lower water contents of the molar ratio H2O/alkoxide, $r{\leq}2$. On the other hand, no fiber could be drawn from the acid-catalyzed solutions including a large amount of water($r{\geq}4$) and the base-catalyzed solutions. The relation between the intrinsic viscosity [${\eta}$] and number average molecular weight ${\bar{M}}n$, namely $[{\eta}]=K{\bar{M}}n{\alpha}$, has shown that the acid-catalyzed spinnable solution (r = 1 and 2) had linear polymers where the exponent a's were about 0.56 and 0.81, whereas non-spinnable solutions (r = 4 and 8) had three dimensional network polymers or spherical particles where the exponent a's were 0.41-0.51 and 0.35.

• Carbon letters
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.168-174
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• 2003

Silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) powder was mixed into a reformed pitch precursor. Then, the silver-containing pitch was melt spun to form round and "C" shape fibers. A wire mesh was inserted prior to the nozzle to improve the spinnability of the silvercontaining precursor pitch. Silver particles in the carbon fibers (CFs) were detected by XRD and TEM. These tests showed that silver particles were uniformly distributed and the total amount of silver remained constant during stabilization and carbonization. Next, the silver-containing CFs were activated by steam diluted in nitrogen gas. Silver particles accelerated the activation rate, but the specific surface areas of the silver-containing ACFs were similar to those of non-silver containing ACFs at the same burn-off levels. The specific surface area of the C-shaped activated carbon fibers was larger than that of the round activated carbon fibers. The likely reason is that the surface area of a C-shaped CF is about two times larger than that of a round CF when equivalent cross-sectional areas are compared. A small amount of silver particles in the periphery of the CFs was removed during the activation, but the remainder of silver was stayed within the ACFs.