• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.155-160
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• 2016

The Pulse Coupled Neural Network (PCNN) is a kind of neural network models that consists of spiking neurons and local connections. The PCNN was originally proposed as a model that can reproduce the synchronous phenomena of the neurons in the cat visual cortex. Recently, the PCNN has been applied to the various image processing applications, e.g., image segmentation, edge detection, pattern recognition, and so on. The method for the image matching using the PCNN had been proposed as one of the valuable applications of the PCNN. In this method, the Genetic Algorithm is applied to the PCNN parameter learning for the image matching. In this study, we propose the method of the similar image rating using the PCNN. In our method, the Genetic Algorithm based method is applied to the parameter learning of the PCNN. We show the performance of our method by simulations. From the simulation results, we evaluate the efficiency and the general versatility of our parameter learning method.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.34-41
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• 2020

The existing Von Neumann architecture places limits to data processing in AI, a booming technology. To address this issue, research is being conducted on computing architectures and artificial neural networks that simulate neurons and synapses, which are the hardware of the human brain. With high-speed, high-throughput data communication infrastructures, photonic solutions today are a mature industrial reality. In particular, due to the recent outstanding achievements of artificial neural networks, there is considerable interest in improving their speed and energy efficiency by exploiting photonic-based neuromorphic hardware instead of electronic-based hardware. This paper covers recent photonic neuromorphic studies and a classification of existing solutions (categorized into multilayer perceptrons, convolutional neural networks, spiking neural networks, and reservoir computing).

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.58-66
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• 1996

The purpose of this investigation is to estimate the strength with the variations of the notch shape and the adgesive condition at the fiber/matrix micro interface of E-glass/PP laminates. To promote the degradation of the adhesive condition at the fiber/matrix micro interface without matrix dissolution loss, low-, hot-wet and spiking tests were carried out. The absorpotion properties and the tensile properties were compared accrding to the fiber orientation and the content. The results show that, firstly, saturated moisture absorption was reached at 5cycles and their absorptions of RD-40, UD-42 and UD-50 are 0.68%, 0.63%, 0.60%, respectively. Secondly, all the specimens investigated were mostly degraded at 5cycle, whereas UD-50 having ellipse shaped notch the least decrement of strength.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.109-110
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• 2017

The nature of encoded information in neural circuits is determined by neuronal firing patterns and frequencies. This paper discusses the molecular identity and cellular mechanisms of spike-frequency adaptation in the central nervous system (CNS). Spike-frequency adaptation in thalamocortical (TC) and CA1 hippocampal neurons is mediated by the $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^-$ channel (CACC) anoctamin-2 (ANO2). Knockdown of ANO2 in these neurons results in increased number of spikes, in conjunction with significantly reduced spike-frequency adaptation. No study has so far demonstrated that CACCs mediate afterhyperpolarization currents, which result in the modulation of neuronal spike patterns in the CNS. Our study therefore proposes a novel role for ANO2 in spike-frequency adaptation and transmission of information in the brain.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.104-111
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the contents of preservatives in cosmetic lotions and creams. The 55 kinds of creams and the 45 kinds of lotions were tested, and the 6 kinds of preservatives such as sorbic acid (SA), benzoic acid (BA), methlparaben(MP), ethylparaben(EP), propylparaben(PP) and butylparaben(BP) were determined for domestic and foreign cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The recovery rates of methanol extraction and distillation method were respectively the range of 84.82 - 99.62% and 17.47 - 79.91% for the spiking concentration of 1.2% in the cosmetic lotions. Excellent isolation was showed at the wavelength of 230nm for 6 kinds of preservatives. Preservatives were detected for all tested samples and their concentration were not exceeded in cosmetic combination limits. Paraoxybenzoate esters(MP, EP, PP, BP) were used in the 98.0% of samples and not less than 2 kinds of preservatives were used in samples.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.902-910
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• 2012

The photodegradation characteristics of 30 pharmaceuticals were investigated by batch experiments using Ultraviolet (UV) reactor. The investigated pharmaceuticals include antibiotics, analgesics and antiarrhythmic agents etc. Tested water was prepared by simultaneously spiking 30 pharmaceuticals into pure water, and each experiment was conducted using 3 types of UV lamps. As a result, batch experiments showed that reactions of all the investigated pharmaceuticals followed pseudo-first order reaction regardless of the applied UV lamps. Among the pharmaceuticals, Cyclophosphamide, 2-Quinoxaline carboxylic acid and Clarithromycin proved to be the most UV-resistant compounds. Contrarily, Ceftiofur, Diclofenac and Ketoprofen were easily degraded by all the UV lamps. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration hardly changed although the concentration of the pharmaceuticals concentration gradually decreased with time, indicating that the degradation of parent pharmaceuticals may produce their intermediates during UV treatment.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 2010

Irregular fluctuation of penetration depth in CW single mode fiber laser welding is analyzed statistically and chaotically. Among various chaos theories, one of the basic concept referred as Lyapunov exponent is applied to the analysis to quantify the irregularity of penetration. Especially, maximal Lyapunov exponent (MLE) is known as the representative value indicating chaotic degree of the system dynamics. MLE calculation method of experimental data is applied to longitudinal spiking defect in fiber laser weld. Laser power modulation is suggested as a remedy then the computed MLE value is compared to CW case. It is shown that the adoption of chaos theory, MLE computation, can be used as a measurement standard to prove the validity of the solutions to prevent the unexpected chaotic behavior of weld through this work.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2006

This paper introduces the research progress on the artificial brain in the Telerobotics and Control Laboratory at KAIST. This series of studies is based on the assumption that it will be possible to develop an artificial intelligence by copying the mechanisms of the animal brain. Two important brain mechanisms are considered: spike-timing dependent plasticity and dopaminergic plasticity. Each mechanism is implemented in two coding paradigms: spike-codes and rate-codes. Spike-timing dependent plasticity is essential for self-organization in the brain. Dopamine neurons deliver reward signals and modify the synaptic efficacies in order to maximize the predicted reward. This paper addresses how artificial intelligence can emerge by the synergy between self-organization and reinforcement learning. For implementation issues, the rate codes of the brain mechanisms are developed to calculate the neuron dynamics efficiently.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.33 no.5 s.379
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• pp.96-99
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• 2001

육계를 사육하고 있는 농장에서 '저혈당증'은 이제 모르는 농가가 거의 없을 정도로 잘 알려진 용어가 되었다. 많은 농가가 이로 인한 피해를 경험하고 있거나 이와 유사한 증상이 있을 경우 가장 먼저 저혈당증을 의심할 정도로 인식이 확산되어 있다. 그러나 오히려 이러한 인식의 확대가 증상이 유사하다는 것만으로 저혈당증으로 판단하여 그보다 더 심각한 피해요인을 간과하는 경우도 많고, 그 치료 방법도 어떤 지역이나 농가에 따라 매우 다양하여 오히려 피해를 가중시키는 경우도 있다. 따라서 본고는 크게 두 가지로 구분하여 저혈당증에 대한 이해를 돕고자 한다. 첫째는 지난해에 저혈당증으로 진단되었던 가검물을 기초로 하여 저혈당증에 대하여 알아보고, 둘째는 2001년 올해 현재까지 저혈당증을 의심하여 의뢰되었던 가검물에 대하여 고찰해 봄으로써 저혈당증에 대한 올바른 접근을 유도하고자 한다. (저혈당증과 관련하여 저혈당-급성폐사증후군(HSMS : Hypoglycemia-Spiking Mortaility Synotrome : HSMS)이라는 명칭이 사용되고 있으나 본고에서는 '저혈당증'으로 하였다.)

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1158-1162
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• 2017

The purpose of the study was to investigate the strength of sokinetic muscle by the position of a volleyball players. Analysis and comparison of shoulder dynamic stability will be conducted according to rotational movement of the shoulder during spiking and serving amongst the various positions. Fifty professional Korean female volleyball players (age: 20~30), all different positions - attacker (left and right), center, setter, and libero were The concentric peak torque, strength ration of the internal and external rotation of the shoulder girdle for both dominant and non-dominant arms. Firstly, there were significant differences found for the strength ratio between the setter and the other positions in the dominant arm. On a second note, there was a significant decrease in shoulder dynamic stabilization for both the attacker and center in the dominant arm. However, there were no significant differences for the setter or the libero. This study suggests that the isokinetic muscle strengths of the volleyball players are different from each other.