• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.118-121
• /
• 2004

배경 및 목적 : 한국 구개열환자에게는 된소리 자음(농음0의 구음산출의 난도가 높다는 것은 임상적으로 잘 알려져 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 한국 구개열 환자에게 있어서 난도가 높은 농음의 산출 메커니즘의 기본적 요소를 규명하므로서 언어치료의 새로운 방법모색에 기여하고져 하였다. 연구방법; 비강자음에 후속된 3종의 어두 파열자음 산출시의 구개범거근의 근활동 양상의 차이를 비교검토하므로서 농음의 산출특성을 검색하고져 하였다. 관찰기록 방법은 근전도는 유구침금전극(hooked wire electrodes)을 구강내로부터 경점막적으로 유도하였다. 연구결과 : 격음과 농음의 파열자음에서 평음보다 높은 구개범거근의 근활동이 관찰되었으나 격음과 농음 사이에선 유의미적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 금후의 과제로는 피험자를 늘려 재확인을 하는 일, 및 농음과 격음의 변별요소에 관해 더욱 검토할 필요가 있는 것이 시사되었다.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.131-141
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the acoustic variation on the pre-and post respiration and oral motor for children with cerebral palsy. Five children with spastic CP at the age of 6 in average were practiced by a caregiver at home each for 25 minutes, in total, 45 times. The sustained of vowel /a/ and vowels /a/, /i/, /u/, /e/, /o/ were recorded on CSL and MDVP and analyzed by acoustic parameters. As a result, the maximum phonation time(MPT) was increased from 2.06 to 6.31 and the formant of vowels(F1, F2, F3) had significant differences in F1(/a, i/), F2(/i.u.o/), and F3(/a/) between the controls and the children with CP in pre-treatment. The total average value of vowels had significant differences between the pre-and post-treatment (p< .05). The energy of vowels had significant differences in the vowels /i, u, e, o/ and the total average value between the pre-and post-treatment(p< .001). The jitter percent, shimmer percent, and noise to harmonic ratio had significant differences between the pre-and post-treatment(p< .05). As the respiration and the oral motor improved MPT, voice quality, and articulation of vowel, and the variation of the formant(F1, F2, F3) showed the changes in the shape of lips, the place and the height of the tongue, the various development of therapy programs and the consistent intervention of treatment is needed for the children with cerebral palsy.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.23 no.2 s.41
• /
• pp.179-197
• /
• 1993

Tongue posture at rest position of Class III malocclusion is very important in malocclusion and phonation. Because Class III malocclusion shoves low tongue position, speech defect is commonly occured. This study was attempted to evaluate the correlationship between the tongue posture at rest position and during /s/ phonation and facial skeleton in centric occlusion. Thirty subjects with Class III malocclusion who had no orofacial defects such as cleft palate, medical history of neurologic pathology, hearing defect and any previous speech therapy were selected. Ninety sheets of lateral cephalometric radiographs taken at rest position, during /s/ phonation and centric occlusion were traced, measured and statistically analysed. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. In Class III malocclusion, the posture of tongue was positively correlated with the position of hyoid body. The hyoid body was positioned anteriorly and inferiorly as the vertical facial skeleton was increased in centric occlusion. 2. In Class III malocclusion, the vertical position of tongue tip at rest position was not correlated with facial skeleton in centric occlusion, but the horizontal position had low correlation with mandibular body length, APDI, and $\underline{1}$ to SN. 3. In Class III malocclusion, there was the tendency that the dorsal position of the tongue was lowered as the vertical facial skeleton was increased. 4. In Class III malocclusion, the vertical and horizontal position of tongue tip during /s/ phonation was not correlated with facial skeleton in centric occlusion.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2012

The patients with incomplete glottic closure have an important feature decreasing the maximum phonation time (MPT) because airflow rate or air leakage is greater than people without voice disorders. Also they can appear a problem in the intensity regulation. This study analyzed MPT difference based on the comfortable intensity and louder intensity and the correlation between MPT and respiration volume of unilateral vocal fold palsy (UVFP) and sulcus vocalis (SV) group. The twenty with UVFP, the 21 with SV, the 21 normal subjects measured MPT in /a/ vowel prolongation task with comfortable intensity and louder intensity and compared analysis by measuring FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1/FVC$ to analyze the correlation between MPT and respiration volume. First, a comparison of MPT according to the intensity between groups is that MPT of the normal group was statistically significant long compared to the patient group in comfortable intensity, but MPT between groups was not statistically significant difference in the louder intensity. Second, an analysis of the correlation between MPT and respiration volume is that this was statistically significant correlation between MPT in comfortable intensity and MPT in louder intensity. But this did not show statistically significant correlation between intensity and respiration volume. This study can be supported the preceding study results deduced that shorting MPT of the patient group compared to the normal group was originated in the problem of laryngeal valving mechanism at the level of vocal folds rather than a problem of respiratory function. Also at the phonation by varying the intensity, the result can deduce that in the case of patient group, the length of MPT had been improved by increasing the glottal closure ratio in the louder intensity. These results can support the theoretical basis that should be applied to the clinicians by varying the intensity at the voice evaluation and voice therapy for the patients with the glottis incompetence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.42-46
• /
• 2009

Background and Objectives : Vocal polyps and nodules are representative chronic benign laryngeal disease. Treatment options for vocal polyp and nodule in general include voice therapy or laryngeal microsurgery. The purpose of this study was to analyze voice results before and after laryngeal microsurgery. Materials and Method: Vocal polyp and vocal nodule patients were treated by laryngeal microsurgery from March 2004 to December 2006 at Kosin University Hospital. All were women. Voice analysis studies were done before and after laryngeal microsurgery. Five measurements were performed: MPT, Fo, jitter, shimmer and NHR. Results: There was significant improvement in the vocal polyp patients regarding MPT, jitter, shimmer and NHR. Also there was significant improvement in the vocal nodule patients regarding MPT, jitter and shimmer. Conclusion: MPT, jitter, shimmer and NHR will be effective acoustic parameters in documenting the quantitative changes in the vocal polyp patients. MPT, jitter and shimmer will be effective acoustic parameters in documenting the quantitative changes in the vocal nodule patients before and after laryngeal microsurgery.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.281-293
• /
• 2014

This study is to help fine some factors of how the Initial food consumption ability affects articulation production and intelligibility in children at aged 4-15 with cerebral palsy. According to the factor analysis of articulation production, here are some positive articulation productions; the ability of mumbling and swallowing food, biting and swallowing and liquid diet, the experience of food consumption therapy, the use of specific methods or tools for food consumption, the behavior-problem during a meal and the beginning of the neck control. Therefore, the study finds that the Initial food consumption ability in children with spastic cerebral palsy may affect articulation production and intelligibility.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2014

This study measured formant bandwidths of profound hearing impaired children and examined the characteristics of their articulation. For this study, 10 cochlear implanted children(CI), 10 hearing aid children(HA) and 10 normal hearing children(NH) were asked to read 7 Korean vowels(/ɑ, ʌ, o, u, ɯ, i, ɛ/). The subjects' readings were recorded by NasalView and analyzed by Praat. The analysis of the formant bandwidths explains the degree of vocal fold opening and the characteristics of radiation. Through the analysis of formant bandwidth, we can see that the hearing-impaired maintain vocal fold tension when they speak high vowels and characteristics of radiation. Narrower B1 means better maintain vocal fold tension, wider B2 means more front and wider B3 means the rounder lips. CI's B1 was widest and NH's was narrowest. And females' B1 was wider than males'. Among vowels, B1 of /a/ was widest, and B1 of /i/ was narrowest. In the case of B2, HA and NH's B2 was wider than CI's. Females' B2 was wider than males'. And B2 of /i/ was widest, and B2 of /ʌ/ was narrowest. In the case of B3, NH's was widest, and CI's was narrowest. Males' was wider than females'. Among vowels, B3 of /o/ was widest, and B3 of /ɛ/ was narrowest. As a result, first, through the analysis of B1, we can find that NH and males could better maintain vocal fold tension than the hearing-impaired or females, and all children articulate /i/ with vocal fold tension than other vowels. Second, through the analysis of B2, NH and HA articulate vowels with the weaker rounded than CI does. And females articulate vowels with the weaker rounded than males do. Third, through the analysis of B3, NH articulate vowels with the rounder than HA or CI do, and males articulate vowels with the rounder than females do. Through the results, we can expect that the analysis of formant bandwidth will be applied to the therapy of articulation for the hearing-impaired with hearing aids or cochlear implant.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a multiple voice therapy technique ($SKMVTT^{(R)}$) using laughter for the treatment of various benign vocal fold lesions. To achieve this, 23 female patients diagnosed with vocal nodules, vocal polyp, and muscle tension dysphonia through videostroboscopy were enrolled in vocal hygiene and $SKMVTT^{(R)}$. All of the patients were treated once a week for 4 to 12 sessions. The GRBAS scale was used to confirm the changes in voice quality before and after the treatment. Acoustic analysis was performed to evaluate jitter, shimmer, NHR, fundamental frequency variation, amplitude variation, PFR, and dB range. Videostroboscopy was performed to confirm the changes in the laryngeal features before and after the treatment. After the $SKMVTT^{(R)}$, the results of the perceptual evaluation demonstrated that the G, R, and B scales significantly improved. An acoustic evaluation also demonstrated that jitter, shimmer, NHR, vAm, vFo, PFR, and dB range also significantly improved after the $SKMVTT^{(R)}$. In comparison to the videostroboscopic findings, the size of the vocal nodules and vocal polyp decreased or disappeared after the treatment. In addition, the size of the cuneiform tubercles decreased, the length of the aryepiglottic folds became longer, and the laryngeal findings of the supraglottic compressions improved after the $SKMVTT^{(R)}$. These results suggest that the $SKMVTT^{(R)}$ is effective in improving the vocal quality of patients with benign vocal fold lesions. In conclusion, it seems that laughter and inspiratory phonation suppressed abnormal laryngeal elevation and lowered laryngeal height, which seems to have the effect of improving hyperfunctional phonation.

• Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.250-258
• /
• 2018

Objectives. To compare narrative skills between fourth and fifth grades of Persian-speaking students with hearing impairments and typical hearing students of the same grade and also to evaluate the effects of group, sex, hearing age, and educational grade of the students on their spoken/written narrative performance. Methods. The subjects were 174 students aged 10-13 years, 54 of whom wore cochlear implants, 60 suffered from moderate to severe hearing losses and wore hearing aids, with the remaining 60 students being typical hearing in terms of the sense of hearing. The micro- and macrostructure components of spoken and written narrative were elicited from a pictorial story (The Playful Little Elephant) and then scored by raters. Results. Compared to the typical hearing, the students with hearing impairments had significantly lower scores in all of the microstructure components of narratives. However, the findings showed no significant difference among different groups in macrostructure components of narratives. It was also revealed that the students had equal performance in spoken and written narrative. Finally, factor analysis manifested that group, sex, hearing age, and educational level of children might alter the outcome measures in various interactions. Conclusion. Although cochlear implantation was more effective than hearing aid on spoken and written narrative skills, the Persian-speaking students with hearing impairments were seen to need additional trainings on microstructure components of spoken/written narrative.

• Journal of Naturopathy
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 2021

Purpose: People with intellectual disabilities are vulnerable to the use of receptive and expressive vocabulary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on the receptive vocabulary and the expressive vocabulary after teaching reading education to adults with intellectual disabilities living in facilities using picture fairy tales. Methods: The subjects of this study were 12 adults with intellectual disabilities under the age of 20 to 40 residing in residential facilities. They were divided into 6 test groups and 6 control groups, and gave a total of 12 sessions of 60 minutes per session, and reading instruction using picture fairy tales. Results: In the test group that conducted reading activities using picture fairy tales, the use of the receptive vocabulary was significantly improved, and the use of the expressive vocabulary was significantly improved. There were no significant results in all of the control groups. Conclusions: This study had the effect of improving the use of receptive vocabulary and expressive vocabulary after teaching reading using picture fairy tales for the disabled. It is estimated that this result will be the basis for research in this field.