• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.370-378
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• 2010

This review describes the stratagies of development of virus-resistant Alstroemeria plants using the genetic modification system. Despite of increasing of its importance in cut flower market, improvements of some horticultuirally important traits such as fragrance, long vase-life, virus resistance and tolerance against abiotic stresses are lack of the breeding program in Alstroemeria. Of these traits, virus-resistance is quite difficult to develop in Alstroemeria plants due to the limitations of genetic variation in the existed germplasm. To extend the genetic variation, plant biotechnological techniques such as genetic transformation and tissue culture should be combined to develop virus-resistant line in Alstroemeria. In this review, several strategies for the generation of virus-resistance by using natural resistance genes, pathogen-derived genes and other sources including pathogen-derived proteins, virus-specific antibodies and ribosome-inactivating proteins are presented. Also, brief histories of breeding, tissue culture, and transformation system in Alstroemeria plants are described to inderstand of the application of transgenic approach for the development of virus-resistance in Alstroemeria species.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.296-303
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• 2022

The cucurbit powdery mildew (CPM) caused by different fungal species is a major concern for cucurbit crops around the world. In Argentina CPM constitutes the most common and damaging disease for cucurbits, especially for squash crops (Cucurbita moschata). The present study displays initial insights into the knowledge of the disease in western Argentina, including the determination of the prevalent species causing CPM, as well as the evaluation of the resistance of squash cultivars and breeding lines. Fungal colonies were isolated from samples collected in Mendoza province, Argentina. A field trial was also performed to assess the resistance of five squash accessions, including commercial cultivars and breeding lines. The severity of CPM was analyzed and epidemiological models were built based on empirical data. The morphological determinations and analysis with specific molecular markers confirmed Podosphaera xanthi as the prevalent causal agent of CPM in Mendoza. The results od the field trial showed differences in the resistance trait among the squash accessions. The advanced breeding line BL717/1 showed promising results as source of CPM resistance for the future development of open pollinated resistant cultivars, a crucial tool for an integrative control of the disease.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.12 s.283
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• pp.833-841
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• 2005

The oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity of various commercial ferritic stainless steels including STS444 were tested in an air atmosphere at $700^{\circ}C$. Crofer22 developed specially for SOFC interconnect was also examined for the aim of comparing with the test results of STS444. Although STS444 exhibited higher oxidation resistance than Corfer22, the electrical conductivity of the scale formed on Crofer22 was higher, indicating that the resistivity of scale formed on Crofer22 is much lower than that of STS444. To gain a better understanding of the relation between oxidation behavior and electrical conductivity, the oxide scales formed on STS444 and Crofer22 were analyzed in terms of the structure, composition, and phase. Consequently, the influence of alloying elements on electrical conductivity of Fe-Cr alloys was discussed.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to identify various variables that affect the intention to use the metaverse, which has recently attracted attention. In particular, while previous studies have focused only on the variables that have a positive effect on the spread of the metaverse, this study tried to examine both the use and resistance perspectives by examining the psychological variables of consumers who reject specific changes, such as innovation resistance. By constructing consumer characteristics and innovation characteristic variables that affect innovation diffusion, the relationship between innovation resistance, attitude toward the metaverse, and intention to use the metaverse was examined. As a result of the study, it was found that innovation propensity, social image, and conformity had a negative effect on resistance to the metaverse. In addition, innovation propensity, social image, suitability, relative advantage, complexity, and observability mediate innovation resistance and attitudes toward the metaverse, and were finally revealed as variables that have positive or negative influences on the intention to use the metaverse.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.3-26
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• 1985

The object of this study was to investigate the effects on physical and mechanical properties of wood particle and sawdust board combined with wire net. Conventional forming, press-lam, and veneer comply boards combining one to four wire net sheets were made from wood particle and sawdust with different spacings (8, 10, 12, and 18 Mok) and different wire diameters (0.35, 0.50, and 0.80mm) composing wire net. They were compared and analyzed statistically with specific gravity, thickness swelling, length swelling, bending properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, work to proportional limit, and total work), internal bonding strength, and screw holding strength between wood particle and sawdust boards. The results obtained at this study as cording to the discussions might be concluded as follows; 1. In specific gravity, both particle and sawdust boards by press-lam method were higher than by conventional forming and veneer comply method, and the boards containing more wire net sheets also showed higher value. But the wire net spacings(Mok) had no influence on specific gravity. In general, particle board showed higher specific gravity than sawdust board. Veneer comply board showed lowest specific gravity values. 2. Both particle and sawdust boards by press-lam method was slightly lower than by conventional forming and veneer comply method in thickness swelling. The sawdust board containing 8, 12. and 18 Mok wire net showed lower thickness swelling than the corresponding particle board, but both sawdust and particle boards containing the T8 and 10 Mok wire net showed higher and similar thickness swelling. 3. Both particle and sawdust boards containing wire net showed no difference in MOR and MOE of bending. Comply board was the highest and particle board showed slightly higher than sawdust board in MOR and MOE values. 4. In work to proportional limit and total work in bending, both particle and sawdust boards containing thicker wire diameter and more wire net sheets showed higher value. From these facts, it is conceivable that boards with thicker wire diameter and more wire net sheets show increasing resistance against external force. But there was no significant difference between particle and sawdust borads. 5. In resistance against delamination (internal bonding strength), both sawdust and particle boards containing wire net showed lower value than control, and also showed decreasing tendency with more number of wire net sheet composed. Particle board showed higher resistance against delamination than sawdust board. 6. In screw holding strength, sawdust board containing thicker wire diameter and more wire net sheets showed higher value, but particle board by press-lam method was higher than by conventional forming and veneer comply method. Screw holding strength of particle board was higher than that of sawdust board.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.419-427
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• 2011

The characteristics for hydrogen production and the thermochemical properties of high temperature steam electrolysis(HTSE) device have been numerically analyzed in a two-dimension, steady-state with using the COMSOL $Multiphysics^{(R)}$. The main parameters for the calculation are applied voltage, ASR(Area-specific Resistance), temperature and pressure of the inlet gas flow. The results showed that thermal-neutral voltage was 1.2454 V and rather than the cell temperature increases or decreases with increasing applied voltage by thermal-neutral voltage starting this voltage the temperature in high voltage tended to rise and temperature in the low voltage tended to fall. And with, increasing the values of ASR, temperature inside the cell and the hydrogen production rate were decreased.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.79-89
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• 2023

Purpose : Until recently, the number of cancer patients continues to increase, and these patients have many limitations in their activities of daily living. In the republic of Korea, cancer patients are showing an increasing trend every year. Cancer disease not only significantly reduces the quality of life in individuals, but also causes various side effects if not managed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise on health-related problems in cancer patients. Methods : This study searched for studies that applied aerobic exercise and resistance exercise to cancer patients reported in search engines (google scala, dbpia, and pubmed) from 2017 to 2022. Six randomized controlled trials and two systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used for analysis in our study. "physical activity", "exercise", "aerobic exercise", "resistance exercise", and "cancer patient" were the main search terms. The data included aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, cancer patients' muscle strength, physical strength, quality of life, and physical activity. Results : According to the eight studies that met the criteria included in this review study, it was found that aerobic exercise and resistance exercise had an effect on the increase in physical fitness, muscular strength, quality of life, and range of motion in cancer survivors. Conclusion : It was confirmed that aerobic exercise and resistance exercise are safe and effective interventions that can be applied to cancer patients without side effects. A limitation of this study is that it did not examine cancer diseases in various population groups such as the elderly and children. Therefore, in future studies, studies that consider specific details such as age, gender, type of cancer, and physical differences are needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.199-200
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• 2005

In this paper, the electrical characteristics and hot-carrier induced electrical performance degradations of high-voltage LDMOSFET fabricated by the existing CMOS technology were investigated. Different from the low voltage CMOS device, the only specific on-resistance was degraded due to hot-carrier stressing in LDMOS transistor. However, other electrical parameters such as threshold voltage, transconductance, and saturated drain current were not degraded after stressing. The amount of on-resistance degradation of LDMOS transistor that was implanted n-well with $1.0\times10^{13}/cm^2$ was approximately 1.6 times more than that of LDMOS transistor implanted n-well with $1.0\times10^{12}/cm^2$. Similar to low voltage CMOS device, the peak on-resistance degradation in LDMOS device was observed at gate voltage of 2.2V while the drain applied voltage was 50V. It means that the maximum impact ionization at the drain junction occurs at the gate voltage of 2.2V applying the drain voltage of 50V.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.22
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• pp.277-316
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• 2014

Many ideas which have appear in human history ought to be fruits of the relevant time, however they sometimes reveal new meaning. Daesoon idea is like that, and anarchism also has been resurgent today according to the demand of the time. Both ideas aim at an ideal society. They are not codes of conduct by specific ideology, but are the spirit of resistance against all kinds of oppression, i.e. which began from human nature. Anarchism refuses intellectual revolution theory or idea, but it wants only the life of human nature. Therefore, in spite of the diversity of its historic type, anarchism is in the same discussion as idealism e.g. religion, politics, etc. which have seek the essence of human life. Daesoon idea, as well, begins from religious idealism, it kindles the same discussion as anarchism. Particularly, anarchism is receiving attention with its spirituality of the new century. If so, it will be a critical help for the development of Daesoon idea to consider such newness through a conversation with anarchism. A comparison between Daesoon idea and anarchism is mainly a conversation about the ideology of ideal society. The researcher intended to investigate the viewpoint of anarchism in terms of comparing its personality, society and nation with Daesun idea, though it was not easy work since the ideological genealogy of anarchism is various. Both of them have a mental attitude, i.e. 'essential resistance', on the basis of such introspection. The spirit of resistance is an essence of man and the right of resistance is a basic human rights that insist the dignity of man. When the right of resistance reaches the essence of human life, it becomes an ideal thought and religion. Also, the ideal can be finally realized when the spirit of resistance becomes the power of practice by actualizing it as the right of resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.410-417
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• 2011

Effects of ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/polypropylene (PP), zinc oxide, stearic acid, and clay on the combustive properties based on EDPM/PP were investigated. The EDPM/PP/clay nanocomposites was compounded to prepare specimen for combustive analysis by cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). It was found that the specific mass loss rate (SMLR) in the nanocomposites decreased due to the fire resistance compared with unfilled EDPM/PP, while the nanocomposites showed the higher total heat release (THR), higher CO production release, and higher specific extinction area (SEA) than those of virgin EPDM/PP. The stearic acid for softening ruber increased the THR and amount of smoke by itself, combustible.