• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2024

The Lombard effect is an involuntary response to speakers' experiences in the presence of noise during voice communication. This study aimed to investigate the Lombard effect by comparing the acoustic features of children and adults under different listening conditions. Twelve male children (5-9 years old) and 12 young adult men (24-35 years old) were recruited to produce speech under three different listening conditions (quiet, noise-55 dB, noise-70 dB). Acoustic analyses were then carried out to characterize their acoustic features, such as F0, intensity, duration, and vowel space area, under the three listening conditions. A Lombard effect was observed in the intensity and duration for children and adults who participated in this study under adverse listening conditions. However, we did not observe a Lombard effect in the F0 and vowel space areas of either group. These findings suggest that children can adjust their speech production in challenging listening conditions as much as adults.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.121-128
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• 2012

Interactive space became one of the modern contemporary society design paradigms. For elevating the interactive effect, we need Interactive design development which uses the influential factors on the interactivity. Digital technology is resulted in a change to a society as well as to the life of human and its way of communication. This study is inquiry into the relations and the common characteristics between ecological architecture space and eco-centric environmental philosophy by making a comparative research. This aims to examine type of spatial contexts for performed through literature research for theory by interactive space and case studies for ecological construction elements to design. And the range of case study is limited to interaction space in addition of interactive elements and user interface. And analysis conclusion is show the many type. Five principles that draw at ecological design conceptualization process, whole unity, variety of organic at ecological design conceptualization process, circularity, homeostasis, allness, biological evolution, diversity have involved with concept that presents in ecological esthetics and organic property of ecology-system.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.493-501
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• 2017

This paper introduces a new motion-synthesis technique for animating multiple characters. At a high level, we introduce a hub-sub-control-point scheme that automatically generates many different spline curves from a user scribble. Then, each spline curve becomes a trajectory along which a 3D character moves. Based on the given curves, our algorithm synthesizes motions using a cyclic motion. In this process, space-time warp curves, which are time-warp curves, are embedded in the 3D environment to control the speed of the motions. Since the space-time warp curve represents a trajectory over the time domain, it enables us to verify whether the trajectory causes any collisions between characters by simply checking whether two space-time warp curves intersect. In addition, it is possible to edit space-time warp curves at run time to change the speed of the characters. We use several experiments to demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can efficiently synthesize a group of character motions. Our method creates collision-avoiding trajectories ten times faster than those created manually.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.153-156
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• 2005

Skin region detection in images is an important process in many computer vision applications targeting humans such as hand gesture recognition and face identification. It usually starts at a pixel-level, and involves a pre-process of color spae transformation followed by a classification process. A color space transformation is assumed to increase separability between skin classes and other classes, to increase similarity among different skin tones, and to bring a robust performance under varying imaging conditions, without any complicated analysis. In this paper, we examine if the color space transformation actually brings those benefits to the problem of skin region detection on a set of human hand images with different postures, backgrounds, people, and illuminations. Our experimental results indicate that color space transfomation affects the skin detection performance. Although the performance depends on camera and surround conditions, normalized [R, G, B] color space may be a good choice in general.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.137-142
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• 2017

A general linearly constrained narrowband adaptive array is examined in the eigenvector space. The optimum weight vector in the eigenvector space is shown to have the same performance as in the standard coordinate system, except that the input signal correlation matrix and look direction steering vector are replaced with the eigenvalue matrix and transformed steering vector. It is observed that the variation in gain factor results in the variation in the distance between the constraint plane and the origin in the translated weight vector space such that the increase in gain factor decreased the distance from the constraint plane to the origin, thus affecting the nulling performance. Simulation results showed that the general linearly constrained adaptive array performed better at an optimal gain factor compared with the conventional linearly constrained adaptive array in a coherent signal environment and the former showed similar performance as the latter in a noncoherent signal environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.192-195
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• 2003

Digital art brought about first in 19s6s by Laposky Ben and became a area of new art. Also, digital art gives new possibility to systematize concept and actions in whole art and to invent some media which can carry the sense experience with space. However, reason that has often cynical meaning is appearing in preconception which technology falls off humanity. Because of digital technology, space production can become dreary, so it is necessary to sensuous production that connects digital with space which contains meaning of interior space. The purpose of this study is to find out spare which can be communicated from viewpoint of interaction through spatial substitution and characteristics of various expression production which have been involved newly in digital art area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.146-150
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• 2006

The purposed of this study is to analyze the performance-art facilities. Research methods were reference study (interaction, local performance-art facilities) and research on the actual condition (on 4 local performance-art facilities for field investigation). Consequently emotional interractive space design makes people satisfied with their five senses, communication with people increase and enable people to experience something new that they haven't experienced before transcending time and space. Interaction design is designing experience of user through the interaction for human, thing, system, and space. The result of this research is to found out the possibility of emotional interaction design concept applied in public service area as a plan to revitalize the performance-art facilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.105-108
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• 2007

These days, a cultural life level is improved through the industrialization and information-oriented age. It is becoming Emotional. Especially, people spend most of time in the office space. The office space is the place where they usually have mental activity and Inter-communication with others. So people who work in the office space need to apply not only convenience and public welfare but also comfortablespace. Moreover, This study analyzes color of a office space and materials, and accept from efficiency and an economic design. And will present direction of a color plan to be able to feel the sensitivity design that accepted from functionality and decoration.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.13
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• pp.249-256
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• 1997

The need of Home-Office is increasing according to the technology and communication system being developed. It is necessary to develop space program and home furniture design for Home-Office. The purpose of this study was to investigate sjpace condition for Home-Office and Home-Office furniture, and to examine preference and opinion on Home-Office. The results this study can be summarized as follows: 1) An isolated space such as a study was the most preferred for Home-Office. The proper size of Home-Office space in residential interior was over 3.3m$\times$3m. 2) The system furniture which is enable to store OA system, and to have efficient work space was preferred. 3) The preferred color of system furniture was natural wood tone, and the most preferred color of chair was blue. 4) It was assumed that the possibility of Home-Office is increased in the new future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Printing Society Conference
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• 2000.12a
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• pp.0.3-0
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• 2000

Gamut mapping is a technique that acts on cross-media reproduction to transform a color between devices for the purpose of enhancing the appearance or preserving the appearance of an image. Gamut mapping essentially produces color conversion error which depends the gamut mapping method, source and destination devices, and sample points for gamut modeling. For color space conversion between monitor colors and printer colors, empirical representation using sample measurements is currently widely utilized. Color samples are uniformly selected in the device space such as CMY or RGB, represented as color patches, and then measured. However, in the case of printer, these color samples are not evenly distributed inside the printer gamut and the color conversion error is increased. Accordingly, this paper introduces a equally distributed color sampling method in CIELAB space, a device-independent color space, to reduce color conversion error, and the performance is analyzed via color space conversion experiments using tetrahedral interpolation.