• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.416-419
• /
• 2001

Hypernodulation soybean mutant, SS2-2, is characterized with greater nodulation and nitrogen fixing ability in the root nodule than its wild type, Shinpaldalkong 2. The present study was performed to identify a genetic locus conferring hypernodulation in soybean mutant SS2-2 and to determine whether the gene controlling the hypernodulation of SS2-2 is allelic to that controlling the supernodulation of nts382 mutant. Hybridization studies between SS2-2 and Taekwangkong revealed that the recessive gene was responsible for the hypernodulation character in soybean mutant SS2-2. Allelism was also tested by crossing supernodulating mutant nts382 and hypernodulating mutant SS2-2 that both hypernodulation and supernodulation genes were likely controlled by an identical locus. Molecular marker mapping of hypernodulation gene in SS2-2 using SSR markers confirmed that the gene conferring hypernodulation was located at the same loci with the gene conferring supernodulation. It is interesting to note that the same gene controlled the super- and hyper-nodulation characters, although SS2-2 and nts 382 exhibited differences in the amount of nodulation in the root system. Further genetic studies should be needed to clarify the genetic regulation of super- and hyper-nodulation in soybean.

• 방사선산업학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2016

In order to identification of the possibility of manufacturing soybean paste (doenjang) with soybean mutant lines induced from gamma-ray mutagenesis, this study was performed to investigate the quality characteristics of doenjang using two soybean mutant lines, Baekwon-1 (BW-1) and Baekwon-2 (BW-2) and their original cultivar (cv. Baekwon, BW) for 8 weeks. The BW and two mutant lines (BW-1 and BW-2) were showed higher content of amino type nitrogen than control (cv. Taegwang). The pH decreased and the titratable acidity increased all the samples during aging period. The lightness, redness and yellowness of doenjang were the lowest in BW. Total free sugar content of doenjang was the highest in control (10.43%) after 4 weeks and composed mainly fructose and glucose. The order of the free amino acid content was Glutamic acid>Leucine>Lysine>Phenylalanine>Aspartic acid in control, Glutamic acid>Leucine>Arginine>Lysine>Phenylalanine in BW, Glutamic acid>Lysine>Phenylalanine>Aspartic acid>Valine in BW-1 and Glutamic acid>Arginine>Lysine>Phenylalanine>Aspartic acid in BW-2, respectively. Our results showed that it is possible to increase the quality of doenjang using soybean mutant lines in manufacturing soybean paste.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.32-32
• /
• 2019

Mutation breeding is the useful tool to improve agronomic traits in various crop species. Soybean is most important crop and is rich in protein and oil contents. Despite of the importance as economic value and various genetic resource of soybean, there have been limited studies of genetic relationship among mutant resources through radiation breeding. In this study, the agronomical phenotype for selecting various genetic resources was evaluated in 528 soybean mutant lines. As a result, 210 soybean mutants with their original cultivars were selected with various traits. We named 210 selected lines as Mutant Diversity Pool (MDP). The genetic diversity and the relationship of the MDP were investigated using TRAP and TE-TRAP markers. In TRAP analysis, sixteen primer combination (PC)s were used and a total of 551 fragments were amplified. The highest (84.00%) and the lowest (32.35%) polymorphism levels were showed in PC MIR157B+Ga5 and B14G14B+Ga3, respectively. The mean of PIC values was 0.15 ranging from 0.07 in B14G14B+Sa12 to 0.23 in MIR157B+Sa4. Phylogenetic and population structure analysis indicated that the 210 MDP lines dispersed to four groups among the wild types and their mutants. The highest genetic diversity among populations was observed between lines Paldal and 523-7 (Fst=0.409), whereas the lowest genetic diversity was between population KAS360-22 and 94seori (Fst=0.065). AMOVA showed 11.583 (21.0%) and 43.532 (79.0%) variations in inter and intra mutant population, respectively. Overall, the genetic similarity of each intra mutant populations was closer than that of inter mutant population. A total of 408 fragments were amplified in the 210 MDP using twelve PCs of TE-TRAP markers that were obtained from a combination of three TIR sequence of transposable elements (MITE-stowaway; M-s, MITE-tourist; M-t, PONG). The highest (77.42%) and the lowest (56.00%) polymorphism levels were showed in PONG+Sa4 and PONG+Sa12, respectively. The mean of PIC values was 0.15 ranging from 0.09 in M-s+Sa4 and M-s+Ga5 to 0.21 in M-t+Ga5. AMOVA of M-s showed 2.209 (20%) and 8.957 (80%) variations in inter and intra mutant population, respectively. AMOVA of M-t showed 2.766 (18%) and 12.385 (82%) variations in inter and intra mutant population, respectively. AMOVA of PONG showed 3.151 (29%) and 7.646 (71%) variations in inter and intra mutant population, respectively. According to our study, the PONG had higher inter mutant population and lower intra mutant population. This mean was that for aspect of radiation sensitivity, M-s and M-t showed higher mobility than that of PONG. Our results suggest that the TRAP and the TE-TRAP markers may be useful for assessing the genetic diversity and relationship among soybean MDP and help to improve our knowledge of soybean mutation/radiation breeding.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.395-401
• /
• 2005

The dlm (disease lesion mimic) mutant of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) shows the similar lesion of a soybean disease caused by a fungus, Corynespora cassilcola. The lesion was examined at cellular and molecular level. Trypan blue staining result indicated that cell death was detectable in the entire region of leaves excluding veins when the lesions had already been developed. We found that the mesophyll cells of palisade layer in the dim mutant appeared to be wider apart from each other. The chloroplasts of the dim mutant cells contained bigger starch granules than those in normal plants. We also found that the lesion development of dlm plant was light-dependent and the starch degradation during the dark period of diurnal cycle was impaired in the mutant. Three soybean pathogenesis-related genes, PR-1a, PR-4, and PR-10, were examined for their expression patterns during the development of disease lesion mimic. The expression of all three genes was up-regulated to some extent upon the appearance of the disease lesion mimic. Although the exact function of DLM protein remains elusive, our data would provide some insight into mechanism underling the cell death associated with the dim mutation.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.43-43
• /
• 2018

Mutation breeding by radiation is useful for improving various crop species. Up to now, a total of 170 soybean mutant varieties have been released in the world, which is the second most registered varieties after rice. Despite the economic importance of soybean, there have been no TRAP marker system studies on genetic relationships between/among mutant lines. To develop a strategy of Mutant Diversity Pool (MDP) conservation, a study on the genetic diversity of 210 soybean mutant lines (8 cultivars and 202 mutants) was performed through a TRAP analysis. Sixteen primer combinations amplified a total of 551 fragments. The highest (84.00%) and lowest (32.35%) polymorphism levels were obtained with primers MIR157B + Ga5 and B14G14B + Ga3, respectively. The mean PIC values 0.15 varied among the primer combination ranging from 0.07 in B14G14B + Sal2 to 0.23 in MIR157B + Sa4. Phylogenetic, principal component analysis (PCA) and structure analysis indicated that the 210 lines belong to four groups based on the 16 combination TRAP markers. AMOVA showed 21.0% and 79.0% variations among and within the population, respectively. Overall, the genetic similarity of each cultivar and its mutants were higher than within other mutant populations. Our results suggest that the TRAP marker system may be useful for assessing the genetic diversity among soybean mutants and help to improve our knowledge of soybean mutation breeding.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 1998

Inhibition of nodule formation and nitrogen fixation by soil nitrogen, primarily nitrate, is well known in legume plants. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ${NO_3}^-$ on the nodulation, nitrogenase activity, and growth of supernodulating soybean mutant and its wild type. A greenhouse study was conducted to compare two of supernodulating mutants, 'SS2-2' and 'nts 382', with the normal nodulating cultivar 'Sinpaldalkong 2' when grown in a 1-l styroform cup filled with sand, and fertilized with five levels of ${NO_3}^-$ (0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 mM). During the growth period, each plant was supplied two or three times a week with 50 mL of nutrient solution. Supernodulating soybean mutants, SS2-2 and nts 382, showed more nodules and nodule mass, and greater $C_2\;H_2$ activity than the wild type, Sinpaldalkong 2, regardless of the level of exogeneous nitrogen supply. On the other hand, total dry weight of SS2-2 mutant, which was smaller than Sinpaldalkong 2, did not respond to the various ${NO_3}^-$-N levels. This suggested that supernodulating SS2-2 mutant could maintain fairly high total dry weight at the low ${NO_3}^-$-N level, even in the absence of exogeneous ${NO_3}^-$-N in the nutrient solution. From the reduced top growth and high nitrogen fixing ability of supernodulating mutants, it was surmised that supernodulating mutant could potentially protect agricultural environments from pollution through the reduction in nitrogen fertilization as well as maintain fairly high yield with increasing planting density.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.28-31
• /
• 1998

Nodule development was regulated partially by host plant factors originating in the shoots and roots. This study was performed to identify the origin of the factors regulating nodulation in supernodulating soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) mutant 'SS2-2' which was isolated recently from ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis of 'Sinpaldalkong 2'. Self- and reciprocal-grafts were made among three soybean genotypes which consisted of two supernodulating mutants, SS2-2 and 'nts 382', and a normal nodulating Sinpaldalkong 2. Self-grafted supernodulating mutants were characterized by greater nodule number, nodule dry weight, and $C_2$H$_2$ reduction activity than self-grafted wild types. They were also characterized by relatively higher nodule to root dry weight. Significant shoot genotypic effects were observed on nodule number, nodule dry weight, and $C_2\;H_2$ reduction activity per plant, whereas varying root genotypes had no effects. From this result, it is surmised that supernodulating characters are controlled by a graft-transmissible shoot factor, and mutant SS2-2 may have similar nodulation mechanism to the former supernodulating nts 382. In all grafts, both supernodulating mutants and Sinpaldalkong 2 maintained the similar balance between above ground and below ground parts regardless of significant differences in partitioning of dry matter into root and nodule between supernodulating mutants and Sinpaldalkong 2.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.145-149
• /
• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate the growth and nodulation characters of hypernodulating soy-bean mutant, SS2-2, and to know the growth and yield performance of the mutant in infertile soil. Soil fertility was adjusted by mixing the different ratios of soil components including clay, river sand, and horticultural bed, which resulted in fertile and infertile soil. Dry weight, nitrogen concentration, and leaf nitrate reductase of each plant were measured around V6 stage (47 days after planting) and around R3 stage (82 days after planting). There were significant effects of soil fertility and soybean genotype on the total dry weights including root, nodule, stem, leaf, and pod dry weight at V6 and R3 stages. Total dry weight of hypernodulating mutant, SS2-2, was clearly less than that of its wild type, Sinpaldalkong 2. However, nodule development on the roots of SS2-2 was much greater than that of Sinpaldalkong 2, regardless of soil fertility. Though SS2-2 was smaller in plant size than Sinpaldalkong 2, genotypic difference in total nitrogen content was not significant at both V6 and R3 stages because SS2-2 fixed more nitrogen biologically than its wild type in the root nodule. The SS2-2 mutant showed lower plant yield in both infertile and fertile soil. The SS2-2 contained more crude seed protein than Sinpaldalkong 2, and was characterized with reduced top and root growth.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.9-9
• /
• 2021

Mutation breeding is useful for improving agronomic characteristics of various crops. In this study, we constructed soybean Mutant Diversity Pool (MDP) from 1,695 gamma-irradiated mutants through two selection phases over M1 to M12 generations; we selected 523 mutant lines exhibiting at least 30% superior agricultural characteristics, and, second, we eliminated redundant morphological phenotypes in the M12 generation. Finally, we constructed 208 MDP lines and investigated 11 agronomic traits. We then assessed the genetic diversity and inter-relationships of these MDP lines using target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) markers. Among the different TRAP primer combinations, polymorphism levels and PIC values averaged 59.71% and 0.15, respectively. Dendrogram and population structure analyses divided the MDP lines into four major groups. According to an analysis of AMOVA, the percentage of inter-population variation among mutants was 11.320 (20.6%), whereas mutant inter-population variation ranged from 0.231 (0.4%) to 14.324 (26.1%). Overall, the genetic similarity of each cultivar and its mutants were higher than within other mutant populations. In an analysis of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) using based on the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), we detected 66 SNPs located on 13 different chromosomes were found to be highly associated with four agronomic traits: days of flowering (33 SNPs), flower color (16 SNPs), node number (6 SNPs), and seed coat color (11 SNPs). These results are consistent with those previously reported for other genetic resource populations, including natural accessions and recombinant inbred line. Our observations suggest that genomic changes in mutant individuals induced by gamma rays occurred at the same loci as those of natural soybean population. This study has demonstrated that the integration of GBS and GWAS can serve as a powerful complementary approach to gamma-ray mutation for the dissection of complex traits in soybean.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.278-284
• /
• 1994

콩단백질의 황 아미노산함량은 가축 영양학상 중요한 위치를 차지하기 때문에 신계통이 가져야만 할 필수조건일지도 모른다. 콩 계통간에 저장단백질의 유전적변이가 존재한다면 이는 기존의 육종방법을 통하여 콩의 종자단백질 구성성분을 유전적으로 변경하여 품질을 개량할 수 있는 가능성을 시사하고 있다. 본 연구는 여러 문헌에 보고된 콩종자 저장단백질의 돌연변이 계통들을 선별하여 콩단백질의 품질을 향상시키기 위한 육종 재료로서의 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 실행되었다. 수집된 돌연변이 계통들은 저장단백질의 또 다른 특성을 나타내었다. 그 돌연변이 계통들 중에서 Keburi(P.I.417016), Keburi(P.I.506817), P.I.154608-1 등은 황 아미노산 함량이 상대적으로 다른 돌연변이 계통보다 높은 1.9, 2.1, 1.8%를 나타내었으며, 이는 7S 단백질인 ${\alpha}$ ', ${\alpha}$ , ${\beta}$단백질 함량이 상대적으로 낮기 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 그 돌연변이 계통들 중에서 Keburi(P.I.417016), Keburi(P.I.506817), P.I.54608-1 등은 황 아미노산 함량을 향상시키기 위한 중요한 육종재료로, 그 외 돌연변이 계통들은 다른 용도의 육종 재료로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 추측된다.