• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1719-1729
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• 2014

This study is carried out in order to bridge the gap to understand the relationships between South Asian and East Asian monsoon systems by comparing the summer (June-September) precipitation of Nepal and South Korea. Summer monsoon precipitation data from Nepal and South Korea during 30 years (1981-2010) are used in this research to investigate the association. NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data are also used to see the nature of large scale phenomena. Statistical applications are used to analyze these data. The analyzed results show that summer monsoon precipitation is higher over Nepal ($1513.98{\pm}159.29mm\;y^{-1}$) than that of South Korea ($907.80{\pm}204.71mm\;y^{-1}$) and the wettest period in both the countries is July. However, the coefficient of variation shows that amplitude of interannual variation of summer monsoon over South Korea (22.55%) is larger in comparison to that of Nepal (10.52%). Summer monsoon precipitation of Nepal is found to be significantly correlated to that of South Korea with a correlation coefficient of 0.52 (99% confidence level). Large-scale circulations are studied to further investigate the relationship between the two countries. wind and specific humidity at 850 hPa show a strong westerly from Arabian Sea to BOB and from BOB, wind moves towards Nepal in a northwestward direction during the positive rainfall years. In case of East Asia, strong northward displacement of wind can be observed from Pacific to South Korea and strong anticyclone over the northwestern Pacific Ocean. However, during the negative rainfall years, in the South Asian region we can find weak westerly from the Arabian Sea to BOB, wind is blowing in a southerly direction from Nepal and Bangladesh to BOB.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
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• pp.177-184
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• 2003

Numerical simulation on marine wind and sea surface elevation was carried out using both three-dimensional hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic models and a simple oceanic model from 0900 LST, August 13 to 0900 LST, August 15, 1995. As daytime easterly meso-scale sea-breeze from the eastern sea penetrates Kangnung city in the center part as basin and goes up along the slope of Mt. Taegullyang in the west, it confronts synoptic-scale westerly wind blowing over the top of the mountain at the mid of the eastern slope and then the resultant wind produces an upper level westerly return flow toward the East Sea. In a narrow band of weak surface wind within 10km of the coastal sea, wind stress is generally small, less than l${\times}$10E-2 Pa and it reaches 2 ${\times}$ 10E-2 Pa to the 35 km. Positive wind stress curl of 15 $\times$ 10E-5Pa $m^{-1}$ still exists in the same band and corresponds to the ascent of 70 em from the sea level. This is due to the generation of northerly wind driven current with a speed of 11 m $S^{-1}$ along the coast under the influence of south-easterly wind and makes an intrusion of warm waters from the southern sea into the northern coast, such as the East Korea Warm Current. On the other hand, even if nighttime downslope windstorm of 14m/s associated with both mountain wind and land-breeze produces the development of internal gravity waves with a hydraulic jump motion of air near the coastal inland surface, the surface wind in the coastal sea is relatively moderate south-westerly wind, resulting in moderate wind stress. Negative wind stress curl in the coast causes the subsidence of the sea surface of 15 em along the coast and south-westerly coastal surface wind drives alongshore south-easterly wind driven current, opposite to the daytime one. Then, it causes the intrusion of cold waters like the North Korea Cold Current in the northern coastal sea into the narrow band of the southern coastal sea. However, the band of positive wind stress curl at the distance of 30km away from the coast toward further offshore area can also cause the uprising of sea waters and the intrusion of warm waters from the southern sea toward the northern sea (northerly wind driven current), resulting in a counter-clockwise wind driven current. These clockwise and counter-clockwise currents much induce the formation of low clouds containing fog and drizzle in the coastal region.

• 환경생물
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.164-176
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• 2019

남해 연안해역에서 이른 여름 식물플랑크톤 군집의 분포특성을 파악하기 위해 2018년 6월말에서 7월 중순까지 11개 해역을 대상으로 실시하였다. 결과 출현한 식물플랑크톤 출현 종은 56속 105종으로 규조류가 52.4%, 와편모조류가 40.0%, 기타 편모조류가 7.6%였다. 현존량은 표층에서 5.5~593.2 cells mL^-1로 변화하여, 출현종과 현존량 모두 동부해역에서 높고, 서부 해역에서 낮은 특정을 나타내었다. 식물플랑크톤 군집은 남해 금포, 여수 오천동 및 고흥 외나로도 해역을 제외하면 규조류에 지배되는 특성을 보였으며, 우점종은 여수 오천동과 완도 충도를 제외하면 중심규조 Skeletonema costatum-like species (ls)에 의해 우점되었다. 그러나 오천동 해역은 유독와편모조류 Gymnodinium catenatum에 의해 극우점되었고, 남해 금포 및 외나로도 해역은 와편모조류 Tripos fusus에 의해 12% 이상의 우점율을 나타내었다. 이른 여름 남해 연안해역의 식물플랑크톤 군집의 공간분포는 강수량 등 영양염류 공급에 크게 지배되고 있는 것으로 판단할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1063-1069
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• 2005

2004년 12월 2일부터 8일까지 한국 남해의 표층 부유물질의 분포를 초겨울의 해황과 관련하여 조사하였다. 쓰시마와 제주도를 잇는 지선을 중심으로 전선이 형성되었으며, 이 전선을 중심으로 한국 남해의 연안수와 외양의 쓰시마난류수로 구분되었다. 연안역은 표층에서 저층까지 거의 균일한 수괴 분포를 보였으며, 외양은 성층이 형성되어 있었다. 그리고 부유물질은 연직혼합된 연안역에서는 5.0-6.5 mg/l였으며, 성층이 형성된 외양역은 4.5-5.0 mg/1의 분포를 나타내었다. 초겨울 한국 남해는 표면 냉각 효과와 바람에 의해서 저층의 부유물질이 충분히 재부유할 수 있는 환경이었음을 나타내고 있었다. 또한 관측 기간동안 비록 조류가 비교적 약한 소조기 이었음에도 불구하고 열플럭스에 의한 냉각효과와 바람에 의한 혼합 효과가 강하여 표층과 저층이 혼합하기에 용이하였음을 나타내었다. 이에 따라 수심이 얕은 연안역에서는 저층 퇴적물의 재부유에 의해서 부유 물질이 증가될 수 있음을 시사하고 있었다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권37호
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• pp.177-192
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• 2015

The Chinese government portrays the One Belt One Road Initiative (BRI) and South Korea President Park Geun-hae's Eurasia Initiative as a win-win opportunity which will hurt nobody's interests, but some South Korean commentators have interpreted it as much more than just a trade and development deal: they focus on the geopolitical implications and the possibility that the balance of power in Asia will be disturbed. South Korea depends upon its maritime-oriented Sea Lanes of Communication (SLOC) in focusing on its alliance with the US to deter North Korean threats and explore its export-based economic growth and development, and yet cannot afford to be left out of these initiatives which could transform the economic and logistical linkage between South Korea and Europe. Given its negative reception by the some pundits, however, South Korea should be more precautious for expressing only full-fledged supports for the BRI and Eurasia Initiative. Opponents of these two initiatives doubt that its putative benefits can be realized, at least in the short term, arguing that creating the necessary rail interconnections may be too costly.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 1987

This study was carried out to inverstigate the oribatid fauna at Mt. Moak near Chonju, Korea. Samples were taken from 4 sites at the north sides, 200, 300, 500 and 600 above sea levels and south sides, 200, 400, 600, and 700m above sea levels. The results were as follows: Oribatid mites of 37 families, 62 genera, 118 species were collected in this study. Numbers of species were less at high level than at low level sites. Species diversity index was less at high level than at low level sites, and less at the south than at the north side. Species similarity index indicated that there are two types, i.e. "high sea level type", and "low sea level type" at Mt. Moak. According to the MGP analysis-I, most of the sites belonged to "Type G". "Group M" and "Group P" appeared more in the lower level sites.up P" appeared more in the lower level sites.ites.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 추계 학술발표회 제16권2호
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• pp.237-240
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• 2004

When the concrete structures are in contact with seawater, concentration of chloride for estimating chloride diffusion coefficient can be defined as the chloride concentration of sea water. However, in case the concrete structures, constructed in the seashore, aren't directly in contact with seawater, it is difficult to establish the interface concentration of chloride. In addition, marine concrete structures are greatly affected by salt attack such as rebar corrosion, among the cause of salt attack, airborne sea salt is primary factor. Therefore, in this study, salt attack environment by airborne sea salt was investigated in terms of a seasonal distribution at 33 spots, 6 areas in the East, West, South coast for 1 year. Results indicated that in the South coast, the amount of the airborne sea salt is comparatively higher in summer. in the West coast. higher in winter. On the other hand, in the East coast, the amount of the airborne sea salt is rarely affected by a season.

• Strategy21
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• 통권30호
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• pp.31-62
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• 2012

It is a commons sense that the Republic of Korea is a maritime state that depends its survival on International Trade and International Economy. Korea was a peninsula and do it can be both maritime and continental state by its choice. However, after the national division in 1945, South Korea had became a virtual island and pursue a maritime way for national development in the past 60 plus years. Now, South Korea is becoming a world's 12 th largest major trading and maritime state. South Korea has far more ships per capita than any other nations in the world and its economy is heavily depend upon the imports and exports with other nations in the world that pass through the oceans. Therefore, the Koreans regard the security of the sea lanes of communication as vital to the survival of the nation. The SLOC is the life line for Republic of Korea. Since the early 1990s, immediately after the Cold War was over, South Koreans began to recognize the importance of Sea Routes and thus began to build a navy that can handle with the new problems of the post Cold War era. However, the maritime security environments of the Republic of Korea today is shaky and dangerous. Almost every water near the Korean peninsula, some kind of international confrontations are going on. Territorial disputes on Dok do, Senkaku, Scarbrough, Shisha, Nansha and Eodo between and among Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan, Phillipines, Indonesia and Vietnam are the examples. In this essay, the author argues that the S. Korean efforts and capabilities to deal with these challenges are not enough and exhorts more efforts and more powerful navy for the Korean people.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.1380-1394
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• 2015

This paper deals with the geographical scope of the East Sea introduced by major domestic institutions. The East Sea surrounded by South Korea, North Korea, Russia, Japan has a variety of marine resources, and is the very appropriate natural laboratory to study future global changes as a miniature ocean. However, there is a continuous conflict between Korea and Japan over the name of the East Sea because of the nature of international waters. So we need the active research achievements based on the exact geographic knowledge of the East Sea to promote the legitimacy of the East Sea in the international community. Nevertheless each domestic institution has a different way to define the southern border of the East Sea so that it showed a difference about linear distance of up to about 44 km. Also, they have defined the scope of East Sea not as the entire East Sea surrounded by South Korea, North Korea, Russia and Japan but as the jurisdiction of the Republic of Korea. It caused serious confusion about accurate statistical knowledge about East Sea such as area, volume, and mean water depth. Therefore, clear social consensus about the geographical scope of the East Sea would be required, there is also the need to institutionalize a legal order to spread it.

• 대기
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.183-197
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to summarize tropical cyclone activity in 2007. 24 tropical cyclones of tropical storm (TS) intensity or higher formed in the western North Pacific and the South China Sea in 2007. The total number is less than the thirty-year (1971~2000) average frequency of 26.7. Out of twenty four tropical cyclones, 14 TCs reached typhoon (TY) intensity, while the rest 10 only reached severe tropical storm (STS) and tropical storm (TS) intensity - four STS and six TS storms. The tropical cyclone season in 2007 began in April with the formation of KONG-REY (0701). From April to May, two TCs formed in the western North Pacific in response to enhanced convective activity there. From June to July, convective activity turned inactive over the sea around the Philippines and in the South China Sea, and the subtropical high was weak over the south of Japan. MAN-YI (0704) and USAGI (0705) moved northwestward and hit Japan, bringing serious damage to the country. After August, convective activity became enhanced over the sea east of the Philippines, and the subtropical high turned strong over the sea south of Japan. Many TCs, which formed over the sea east of the Philippines and in the South China Sea, moved westward and hit China and Vietnam. PABUK (0706), WUTIP (0707), SEPAT (0708), WIPHA (0712), LEKIMA (0714) and KROSA (0715) brought serious damage to some countries including China, the Philippines and Vietnam. On the other hand, FITOW (0709) and NARI (0711) moved northward, bringing serious damage to Japan and Korea. After HAIYAN (0716), all four TCs except FAXAI (0720) formed over the sea east of $140^{\circ}E$. Three typhoons among them affected Republic of Korea, MAN-YI (0704), USAGI (0705) and NARI (0711). Particularly, NARI (0711) moved northward and made landfall at Goheng Peninsula ($34.5^{\circ}N$, $127.4^{\circ}E$) in 1815 KST 16 September. Due to $11^{th}$ typhoon NARI, strong wind and record-breaking rainfall amount was observed in Jeju Island. It was reported that the daily precipitation was 420.0 mm at Jeju city, Jeju Island on 16 September the highest daily rainfall since Jeju began keeping records in 1927. This typhoon hit the southern part of the Korean peninsula and Jeju Island. 18 people lost their lives, 14,170 people were evacuated and US$ 1.6 billion property damage was occurred.