• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.324-329
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• 2008

Vibrio parahaemolyticus species, which cause acute gastroenteritis in humans, were isolated from farmed fish and seawater and their antimicrobial-resistance pattern and factor were investigated. They exhibited the highest resistance to ampicillin (88.9%), followed by trimethoprim (51.9%) and rifampin (22.2%). The relatively high resistance to trimethoprim was unexpected because trimethoprim was not commonly used in fish farming in Korea. R plasmid related resistance was identified by the treatment of novobiocin (7 ug/mL) and it was named as pVPBW1. A putative trimethoprim resistance gene in 2.0 kb fragment of pVPBW1 was also confirmed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutritional status of children aged 5 or under and women aged 20 to 34 years between the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Democratic Peoples' Republic of Korea (DPRK: North Korea). For the source of nutritional status of North Koreans, the DPRK 2004 Nutrition Assessment-Report of Survey Results was used. As the comparable data of South Koreans, the anthropometric data for children and women were obtained from the reports of the Korean Pediatric Society and the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards, respectively. The blood hemoglobin data of South Korean women were obtained from the data file of the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey and analyzed. In regard to the North Korea, the Prevalence of underweight (weight for age Z-score < -2.0) in children under 12 months was about $10\sim15%$, and thereafter progressively increased until 30 to 35 months reaching 30%. In South Korea, the prevalence of underweight was less than 3% in most age groups both in boys and girls. In North Korea, the prevalence of stunting (height for age Z-score < -2.0) reached 20% in children under 12 months and increased with age over the level of 50% in children aged 54 to 59 months. In South Korea, the prevalence of stunting was less than 3% in children under 12 months and was less than 10% throughout the age groups. Maternal protein-energy malnutrition and anemia were assessed for the women aged 20 to 34 years using mid-upper arm circumference (< 22.5 cm) and blood hemoglobin level (< 12g/DL), respectively. The prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition was 39.6%, 30.7%, 31.7% in North Korea and 12.5%, 5.0%, 1.5% in South Korea fir the women in $20\sim24,\;25\sim29,\;30\sim34$ years, respectively. The prevalence of anemia in the North Korean women was about $34\sim36%$ while that in the South Korean women was $15\sim18%$. In conclusion, the disparity of nutritional status in early childhood and maternity between South Korea and North Korea is so huge that active and well-planned nutrition support policy and programs for women and children in North Korea is imperative to prepare for the future unified nation.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

The main goal of this study is to show promising future food market of Northeast Asia countries, including China, Japan, and South Korea. Drinks market, including soft and alcoholic drinks is selected to show global food companies new opportunities for next strategic movements. Market Attractiveness Matrix is developed based on BCG matrix as a main framework for this study. CDI (Category Development Index) is also used. It is found that Asia-pacific has fast-growing markets and it has strong potential for future investment. Northeast Asia countries (China, Japan, and South Korea) turned out to be ones of the most attractive regional markets. However, European drinks market is saturated even though its size is still big. This study suggests that Northeast Asian market be considered a market for the next strategic movement and investment.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.734-744
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated the preference and awareness of consumers residing in the capital area with respect to South and North Korean regional cuisine to provide baseline data for developing effective commercialization strategies. Methods: This survey was conducted among adults over the age of 19 years who were residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi province area, and data analysis was performed using SPSS WIN 18.0. Results: Analysis of the survey participants' preference for South and North Korean regional cuisine showed that Hwanghae province had the highest preference by $4.35{\pm}1.72$ points, whereas Gangwon province had the lowest preference by $3.75{\pm}0.66$ points. Factorial analysis on general characteristics of Korean regional cuisine resulted in 2 factors - 'locality' and 'health'. Cluster analysis showed that participants could be sorted into two clusters by their awareness of Korean regional cuisine - 'the lower cognitive group' and 'the higher cognitive group'. Cluster analysis on the tourism commercialization strategy for Korean regional cuisines showed that 'the higher cognitive group' had significantly higher awareness regarding the following 3 items: 'merchandising strategy', 'popularization strategy' and 'marketing strategy' (p<0.001). Cluster analysis of the world commercialization strategy showed that 'the higher cognitive group' had significantly higher awareness regarding all items of the 'R&D support strategy' and 'Food culture promotion strategy' categories than the 'the lower cognitive group' (p<0.01). Conclusion: Popularization strategies such as value perception based on the well-being concept, and standardization of recipes; merchandising strategies based on storytelling; and food and culture promotional strategies such as Korean cooking classes and food tasting events, were rated as effective commercialization strategies to increase the popularity of Korean regional cuisine.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to understand the dietary life of North Koreans through the examination of dietary life terms assembled and classified from the North Korean sources. In order to ascertain any contrasting aspects and also to improve the degree of understanding, the comparable terms from the South Korean sources were also assembled and classified accordingly. The North Korean sources were the two dictionaries and the two Web sites related with the dietary life in North Korea and those of the South Korean sources were the middle school Home Economics textbooks in South Korea. The major findings of this study on the dietary life terms of North Korea were as follows: 1) The majority of the classified dietary life terms was from the food sector; 2) There were terms which were indicative of the food supply situation in North Korea; 3) The terms related to the corn as the primary crop for the North's food production policy occupied relatively a large proportion of the assembled terms; 4) Chinese-and foreign-origin terms seemingly modified through the North's word purification project were found in the various different categories; 5) Some terms were difficult to understand without special interpretation; 6) There were terms related to the agriculture which were obsolete in the South; and 7) In the South's Home Economics textbooks there were a number of the dietary life policy terms of South Korea and foreign-origin terms. It is hopeful that this study may contribute to the mutual understanding in the field of the dietary life for the South and North Korean youths in spite of the language bifurcation due to the South-North separation.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.337-347
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• 2012

This study was performed through one-to-one interviews or group sessions with single un-married foreigners living and working in Korea. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed, and 109 were analyzed. This demographic becomes immersed in local cuisine searching for new food dishes and experiences. These foreigners were an excellent test group who came from a non-Korean domestic cuisine background and who were subsequently exposed to Korean cuisine over an extended period during which changes occurred in their diets and food preferences. We found that the longer the foreigners stayed in Korea, the more they ate Korean food and adapted to traditional dishes such as Korean stews and hot-pots. In general, Chinese, Japanese, and South-east Asians regarded Korean food as nutritious, whereas people from a western or European background considered it health conscious food. In contrast, South-east Asians, in particular, found Korean food aroma unpleasant. This study describes how diets and views of Korean food evolved in foreigners with time by providing objective opinions and data on the acceptance of Korean food by foreigners and hints the direction in which Korean cuisine should be developed to further its globalization.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.196.2-196.2
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• 2007

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.343-351
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• 2017

Sanitary evaluation of seawater and Pyropia sp. laver collected from the five major laver growing areas in Korea was performed four times over the course of a year. The seawater quality in four of these five areas was regarded as the clean area according to Korean criteria, but the seawater at one investigation site in Seoheon area was found to exceed the standard for fecal coliform. In the bacteriological safety analysis of laver (raw source), the percentages of samples not conforming to Chinese criteria at the five sites were 55.6% (Seocheon), 70.0% (Shinan), 81.8% [Jindo (Haenam)], 63.6% (Wando), and 28.6% [Goheung (Jangheung)]. Pathogenic bacteria were not detected in all laver samples. The food safety of laver (raw source) based on heavy metal concentration was confirmed using Korean criteria; the concentrations of heavy metals in laver samples collected from the major laver growing areas were 0.008-0.632 mg/kg wet weight (ww) lead, 0.024-0.137 mg/kg ww cadmium, 0.908-2.892 mg/kg ww total arsenic, and 0.003-0.013 mg/kg ww total mercury. Therefore, pollution source management and periodic monitoring of heavy metals may be required to improve the food safety of laver produced in these laver growing areas.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.396-405
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• 1997

We performed this study to understand the health status and food intake of North Koreans. Information was collected by individual closed in-depth interviews of 11 escapers from North Korea as well as books, newspapers and North Korean movies. Interviews were done from October, 1996 to May, 1997, covering their heights and weights, their appearance and disease, food system and intake of various main/side foods, concern about health and hygiene. North Korean's height and BMI were lower than those of South Koreans. Difference of BMIs between North and South Koreans was profound in middle aged women than in other age groups. Childrem showed many malnutrition appearances of moon face, large abdomem, arrow-like legs, flaky skin, decolored hair, etc.. Main foods in North Korea were rice-shaped corn, corn flour, wheat flour and wet noodle, and side foods were kimchi and/or soups and steamed soy paste. Food supply system there seemed not to work normally for many years, so foods, especially in cities, has been extremely short in government-operating shops, but some in private market. Many housewives were eager to make and sell simple snack food products, We noticed that North korea schools didn't check students' health even though their medical policy was based on preventive medicine. Their living environmental hygiene was shown to be oyt of control.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2013

Quantitative analyses of naturally occurring methanol were performed for the alcoholic beverages commonly consumed in Jecheon, Chungbuk province, South Korea. The headspace analysis method was optimized for the low and high alcoholic beverages. The external standard method was applied due to the overlapping of 2-propanol and 2-butanol (the internal standard candidates) with target sample matrix peaks. The target samples were selected based on the retail sales amounts of alcoholic beverages in the largest retailer food-mart chain, Jecheon, Chungbuk province, South Korea. There was no sample containing methanol over 0.5 $mg/m{\ell}$, the Korean maximum level of methanol in alcoholic beverages (1.0 $mg/m{\ell}$ for fruit originated liquor etc). The total exposure amount of methanol via alcoholic beverages was estimated based on the daily alcohol consumption of 40 g. The hazard indices calculated by methanol RfD 0.5 mg/kg bw day (US EPA) and ADI 20 mg/kg bw day (proposed by Lachenmeier etc.) were 0.301 and 0.008, respectively. As with the hazard index, aggregate exposures below a HI of 1.0 will likely not result in adverse noncancer health effects over a lifetime of exposure. Then the methanol exposure via the alcoholic liquours might not hazard to Jecheon citizen.