• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.391-400
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to reassert the important role of sound design in creating narrative space in films. The main focus is on re-interpreting Chion's sound space composition as a narrative structure. The sound design process has been analyzed to find that the physical properties of sound are purposely manipulated to create the layers of sound to be perceived by the audience in the same way as human perception and cognition of the actual reality work, eventually to create the cinematic reality. The hierarchy of the layers is determined by the importance of the narrative information contained in each sound, with the higher layers being appropriate to convey the information of the narrative, and the lower layers being efficient to deliver the emotion to the audience. With this idea, each of the Chion's space composition is explained as a distinctive area in telling a story with the separate narrative role from the others.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.133-134
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• 2012

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

Purpose: The purposes of this paper are to investigate effects of indoor thermal environment on acoustical perception and effects of acoustics on indoor thermal perception, and to understand basic human perception on indoor environment. Method: Subjective assessment was performed in an indoor environmental chamber with 24 university students. Thermal conditions with PMV -1.53, 0.03, 1.53, 1.83 were simulated with a VRF system, a humidifier, a dehumidifier, and a ventilation system. Six noise sources - Cafe, Fan, Traffic, Birds, Music, Water- with sound levels of 45, 50, 55, 60 dBA were played for 2 minutes in random order. Temperature sensation, temperature preference, humidity sensation, humidity preference, noisiness, loudness, annoyance, and acoustic preference were assessed using bipolar visual analogue scales. The ANOVA and Turkey's post hoc test were used for data analysis. Result: Thermal environmental perceptions were not altered through 2 minutes noise exposure. Acoustical perceptions were altered by thermal conditions. The results were consistent with previous papers, however, the noise exposure time should be carefully considered for further development.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.341-352
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to provide a bases for comfort of patient through of measuring the noise level in emergency room and grasping the perception to noise of inpatient. Data on noise level through sound level meter in ER and patients' perception of the noise through a structured questionnaire and were collected from August 21 to September 5 in 1998. And collected data were analyzed with SAS statistics progeam, descriptive statistic, t-test and ANOVA. The result of examination is as follows : 1. Among a noise level of measured highest was 64.6dB(A) in 'rounding of medical teams', the lowest was 54.8dB(A) in 'traffic noise from outside'. 2. The mean score of noise perception was 0.93. Among a kind of noise reported by the subjects, that which ranked highest was 'conversation of patients' caregiver and visitors'(1.75). The ranked lowest was 'noise of airconditioner'(0.59). 3. The relationship between perception of noise and subjects' characteristics was not significient. Therefore, based on this result, ways require to decrease the noise level in emergency department.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

The proposal that a sound change is occurring in Korean stops was evidenced in this study through identification experiments on Korean stops. Perceptual weight of acoustic correlates to Korean stop manner contrast [VOT (Voice Onset Time), H1-H2 (amplitude difference between the first and second harmonics), and F0 (Fundamental frequency)] was examined with re-synthesized /$t^ha$/, /ta/, and /$t^*a$/ syllables for younger and older Seoul speakers of Korean. For the identification of the aspirated and lenis stops, F0 cue weight relative to VOT was greater for the younger listeners than the older listeners. For H1-H2 cue weight, the two listener groups were more or less the same. These findings were parallel to the production differences found in the earlier work of the author. Combined with production differences, these perception differences between younger and older generations of Seoul speakers suggested that there are generational differences in the phonetic targets of Korean aspirated and lenis stops and such differences are realized in the perception of the stops.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2012

A lax stop in Korean, one of the three laryngeal contrastive stops, has undergone a sound change in terms of its acoustic properties. Prior production studies described this recent lax stop as being differentiated from tense and aspirated stops primarily by fundamental frequencies (f0). And, the acoustic property of voice onset time (VOT) further separates tense stops from lax and aspirated stops. The current research explores how these two major acoustic parameters of f0 and VOT cue the three stop categories in Korean adult listeners' perception. Thirty-one native speakers of Korean participated in two experimental tasks: categorization judgment and within-category goodness ratings. Two sets of audio stimuli were prepared by synthesizing English and Korean male speakers' CV productions. The findings showed that while f0 cues listeners to lax stops as production patterns would predict, VOT were closely related to listeners' categorization and goodness ratings of lax stops. This suggests that accurate characterizations of the recent lax stop category need to be based on Korean speakers' perceptual behavior as well as production patterns.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.970-973
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• 2006

The effects of the additional visual and auditory stimuli on the loudness evaluation of road traffic noise was investigated by the method of magnitude estimation. As a result, it was shown that additional visual stimulus of noise barrier can influence on the loudness perception of road traffic noise. Also, additional auditory stimuli such as green music or sound of flowing water can influence on the loudness perception of road traffic noise. approximately $5{\sim}10%$ lower than the absence of stimuli. But this effect was disappeared in the range of over 65dB(A).

• Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.72-77
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• 2009

A number of new DTV technologies have been introduced to provide crystal clear picture and enhanced sound. HDTV, in particular has four times resolution of conventional TV along with 16:9 aspect ratio. Also the introduction of the new technologies offered a valuable basis for character graphics which was only an assistant method to deliver visual images effectively. Various sizes of displays for different applications such as high definition TV and mobile multimedia services have created demands for additional features of character graphics including proper letter fonts, colors, moving effects as much. This article analyzes in what way the visual elements above can affect uses' visual perception. New CG formats designed for OSMU, one source multi use, are also suggested available to each media. For the research three groups of CG designers, art directors and productions/distribution groups are established according to production process by two Delphi surveys of TV production staff.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1171-1177
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• 2021

Measuring and evaluation of audience's visual message perception are crucial process for scientific production of visual content. This study tried to evaluate the difference of viewer's awareness of visual object depends on his or her inherent characteristics like conservatism using an eye tracker system. Especially, this experiment tested research questions about positive correlation between conservatism and peoples' eye movements following the sound visual messages. 57 subjects participated in the test. Two different groups were exposed to two visual elements representing 'the conservative' and 'the liberal'. The results showed that people tended to have different way of seeing visual objects according to their inherent characteristics. Also by comparing the gaze time at the object and area of interest(AOI) in visual, this study is able to verify the existence of 'positive way of seeing' and 'negative way of seeing'. The two different ways of seeing have their own trail of eye movement.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.951-956
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• 2013

This paper describes techniques used to analyze the sweet spot of sound field reproduced by ear-level linear arrays of loudspeakers by geometrical approach method. Previous researches have introduced various sweet spot definitions in their own way. In general, sweet spot is defined as an area whose stereophonic sound effect is valid. Its size is affected by the geometrical arrangement of the system. In this paper, a case when plane waves are generated by linear arrays of loudspeakers in the horizontal plane is considered. So the sweet spot is defined as an area in which the listener can perceive the desired azimuth angle. Because there are many loudspeakers, impulse responses at listener's ears are in the form of pulse-train and the time-duration of the pulse-train affects the localization performance of the listener. So we calculated the maximum time duration of pulse-train by geometrical approach method and identified with the results of impulse response simulation. This paper also includes parameter analysis with respect to aperture size, so it suggests a tool for sound engineers to expect the sweet spot size and listener's sound perception.