• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.38-51
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• 2022

Whole-plant corn (Zea may L.) and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are major summer crops that can be fed as direct-cut or silage. Proso millet is a short-season growing crop with distinct agronomic characteristics that can be productive in marginal lands. However, information is limited about the potential production, feed value, and ensilability of proso millet forage. We evaluated proso millet as a silage crop in comparison with conventional silage crops. Proso millet was sown on June 8 and harvested on September 5 at soft-dough stage. Corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid were planted on May 10 and harvested on September 10 at the half milk-line and soft-dough stages, respectively. The fermentation was evaluated at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 45 days after ensiling. Although forage yield of proso millet was lower than corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, its relative feed value was greater than sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. Concentrations of dry matter (DM), crude protein, and water-soluble carbohydrate decreased commonly in the ensiling forage crops. The DM loss was greater in proso millet than those in corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. The in vitro dry matter digestibility declined in the forage crops as fermentation progressed. In the early stages of fermentation, pH dropped rapidly, which was stabilized in the later stages. Compared to corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen was greater in proso millet. The count of lactic acid bacteria reached the maximum level on day 10, with the values of 6.96, 7.77, and 6.95 Log₁₀ CFU/g fresh weight for proso millet, corn, and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, respectively. As ensiling progressed, the concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid of the three crops increased and lactic acid proportion became higher in the order of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, corn, and proso millet. Overall, the shorter, fast-growing proso millet comparing with corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid makes this forage crop an alternative option, particularly in areas where agricultural inputs are limited. However, additional research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of viable strategies such as chemical additives or microbial inoculants to minimize ammonia-nitrogen formation and DM loss during ensiling.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.703-715
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• 2015

One of the challenges to increase milk production in a large pasture-based herd with an automatic milking system (AMS) is to grow forages within a 1- km radius, as increases in walking distance increases milking interval and reduces yield. The main objective of this study was to explore sustainable forage option technologies that can supply high amount of grazeable forages for AMS herds using the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) model. Three different basic simulation scenarios (with irrigation) were carried out using forage crops (namely maize, soybean and sorghum) for the spring-summer period. Subsequent crops in the three scenarios were forage rape over-sown with ryegrass. Each individual simulation was run using actual climatic records for the period from 1900 to 2010. Simulated highest forage yields in maize, soybean and sorghum- (each followed by forage rape-ryegrass) based rotations were 28.2, 22.9, and 19.3 t dry matter/ha, respectively. The simulations suggested that the irrigation requirement could increase by up to 18%, 16%, and 17% respectively in those rotations in El-Nino years compared to neutral years. On the other hand, irrigation requirement could increase by up to 25%, 23%, and 32% in maize, soybean and sorghum based rotations in El-Nino years compared to La-Nina years. However, irrigation requirement could decrease by up to 8%, 7%, and 13% in maize, soybean and sorghum based rotations in La-Nina years compared to neutral years. The major implication of this study is that APSIM models have potentials in devising preferred forage options to maximise grazeable forage yield which may create the opportunity to grow more forage in small areas around the AMS which in turn will minimise walking distance and milking interval and thus increase milk production. Our analyses also suggest that simulation analysis may provide decision support during climatic uncertainty.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 1993

Yield and plant constituent responses of forage sorghum cultivars have usually been compared in uniform defoliation management test. However the influence of harvest time on differential response of cultivars needs more precise definition. Therefore this study with sorghum-sorgo-sudan hybrid cv. NC+Sweet Leaf, and Super Su 22 and Sorghum-Sorghum hybrid cv. Pioneer 931 was carried out under two defoliation regimes, namely defoliation at heading stage of each variety and defoliation on the same calendar date in response to heading stage of early variety. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Three harvests were taken by early variety with 80 days and two harvests by late variety with 94 days from sowing to heading. 2. Dry matter and TDN yield tend to be higher when the plants are cut at ear emergence stage of late variety. 3. Crude protein content was similar for the same growth growth stage of 1st growth and 1st regrowth, and rather big different between varieties. 4. Considering only dry matter and TDN yield, it is recommendable to cut two times at ear emergence stage of late variety and also three times at ear emergence stage of early variety in view point of utilization period extension and distribution of forage products.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2021

Intercropping cereals with legumes is known to improve forage production and crude protein yield. Sorghum × sudangrass hybrids (SSH) have excellent dry matter content and high cultivation temperatures. In this study, we investigated the growth characteristics, forage productivity, and feed value of intercropping SSH with different legumes in rice paddy fields. We used five treatments in this study SSH monocropping and four intercropping treatments of SSH with, lablab, cowpea, sesbania, and two cultivars of soybean (Chookdu 1 and 2). SSH plant height was not significantly different between the monocropping and intercropping treatments. However, the plant heights of lablab, cowpea, and sesbania were significantly higher than those of the two soybean cultivars. The total dry matter yield (kg/ha) was significantly higher in SSH monocropping than in intercropping; among the intercropping treatments, the one with SSH and Chookdu 2 yielded the highest total dry matter yield. The SSH feed value was significantly different between the monocropping and intercropping treatments, although there were no differences between the intercropping treatments. Among the intercropped legumes, lablab showed the highest neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents, and cowpea had the highest crude protein content. These results reveal that intercropping SSH with legumes in paddy fields could be a promising cultivation technique to maintain stable forage productivity.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.192-197
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• 1995

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the grazing performance of dairy cattle for winter rye, sorghum-sudangrass hybrid and oat including of rape in Hwa seong-gun, Kyeonggido, from 1993 to 1994. Each crops were utilized from the stage of 8-leaves to late blooming for sorghum-sudangrass, and from final leaves to soft dough for winter rye and oat plant. Under three different cropping system of winter rye-sorghum x sudangrass, spring oat-sorghum X sudangrass-autumn oat, and silage corn-autumn oat, a succeshl hehage production was available for grazing performance from April 26 to December 15, continuously. Annual dry matter yields for grazing allowance were 26.1 tontha in average of all cropping system. Autumn oat rnixtured with rape showed the highest herbage utilization with 91.6% grazing intensity and the lowest in sorghum-sudangrass with a value of 60.6- 69.1 %. Labor investment for herbage production were 805 hour in the cutting management and 339 hour per hectar in the grazing utilization.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1715-1720
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• 2005

Two promising varieties of forage sorghum viz. HD-15 and J. Sel-10 were identified for their higher forage yield (350-400 quintals per hectare) compared to traditional/existing variety, HC-136 at Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi. Silage of these three forage sorghum varieties viz., HD-15, J.Sel-10 and HC-136 were prepared in three concrete silos for their nutritional evaluation in sheep. Twelve adult Muzaffarnagari Ewes, divided into three equal groups of 4 each, were offered a particular variety of sorghum silage ad libitum over a period of 30 days followed by a 6 day metabolism trial and a collection of rumen liquor and blood samples. The HD-15 variety of forage sorghum silage contained higher crude protein (CP) than both the J.Sel-10 and HC-136. Average daily dry matter (DM) intake (% of live weight) differed significantly (p<0.05) in sheep that were fed the different varieties of silage, with the maximum amount in HD-15 (2.55) followed by J.Sel-10 (2.49) and HC-136 (1.84). The average apparent digestibility of all the nutrients was low in the sheep that were fed the HC-136 variety of sorghum silage when compared to both HD-15 and J.Sel-10. However, digestibility of organic matter (p<0.05) and crude protein (p<0.01) was significantly low in the HC-136 variety. The average daily nitrogen retention was-0.19, 2.15 and 0.42 g in HC-136, HD-15 and J.Sel-10, respectively which differed significantly (p<0.01). The average digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrient (TDN) contents (%) of the silage varieties were higher in HD-15 (3.14 and 55.3) than HC-136 (0.25 and 58.6) and J.Sel-10 (1.58 and 55.3) varieties. On comparing to the maintenance requirements (ICAR, 1985) for dry matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients, both the improved varieties (HD-15 and J.Sel-10) almost met the requirements except crude protein, which met only 73.3% of the requirement by J.Sel-10, while the HC-136 variety was unable to meet the requirements. The average rumen pH and total volatile fatty acids concentrations were comparable among the groups. However, concentrations of nitrogen metabolites were higher in the animals fed the HD-15 variety of silage. Varieties of sorghum silage also did not have any influence on the concentration of the blood metabolites. It was concluded that the HD-15 variety of sorghum silage was nutritionally superior to both J.Sel-10 and HC-136 silage.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.258-263
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• 1991

현재 축산업협동조합중앙회가 권장하는 수단그라스계 잡종의 장려품종은 10종이 있으나 이들은 동일한 환경조건하에서 함께 평가된 일이 없다. 따라서 본 시험은 수원소재 서울대 농대의 사초시험포장에서 2년간에 걸쳐 수단그라스계 잡종의 축협장려품종에 대한 사초수량과 사료가치를 비교하기 위하여 수행되었다. 10종의 공시품종중 G83F 및 NC$^{+}$855는 조생품종으로 분류되었으며 Pioneer 988 및 Sordan 79는 다른품종에 비하여 잎마른병에 강하였다. Jumbo, Sordan79 및 SX-17 품종은 도복이 많이 되었다. 사초의 건물수량에 있어서는 공시품종간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그러나 Pioneer 988, TE-Haygrazer 및 G83F는 1989년에 다른 품종보다 수량이 좀 높았고 NC$^{+}$855 및 Pioneer 988은 1990년에 높았다. 1990년에 조사된 공시품종간의 CP, ADF, NDF 및 RFV에 있어서는 큰 차이가 없었다. 그러나 3회 수확시 수단그라스계 잡종의 ADF, NDF 및 RFV는 1회 및 2회 수확시보다 높았다. 결론적으로 말하면 축협장려품종인 10종의 수단그라스계 잡종간에는 사초수량에 있어서 차이가 없다고 할 수 있다

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2010

본 시험은 논에서 벼 대체 여름 사료작물인 수수류를 논 재배하여 생육특성과 수량에서 우수한 품종을 선발할 목적으로 2007년부터 2008년까지 2년간에 걸쳐 전라남도 농업기술원 논포장에서 수행하였다. 도입품종인 수수류 6품종 중에서 'SX17'는 습해에 비교적 강하고 특히 2차 재생이 잘되며 당도가 높고 병해 강한 생육특성을 보였고 수량 측면에서도 생초수량이 ha당 89,192 kg, 건물수량이 21,038 kg으로 가장 우수한 품종이었다. 다음으로 유망한 품종은 '소르단 79'와 'Revolution'으로 건물수량이 ha 당 20톤 이상으로 사일리지용으로 적합한 품종이었고, G7 품종은 습해에 강하고 청예수량이 많기 때문에 청예를 목적으로 할 경우에 적합한 품종이었다. 따라서 본 연구결과를 토대로 볼 때 남부지역에서 벼 대체 사료작물인 수수류를 논에 재배 할때는 배수가 양호한 논의 선정이 중요하고 수수류 품종 중에서는 'SX17' 품종을 재배하는 것이 적응성이나 생산성 측면에서 가장 유리하다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2011

본 시험은 논에서 배수조건에 따라 벼 대체 여름 사료작물인 수수류를 논 재배하여 생육 특성과 수량에서 우수한 품종을 선발할 목적으로 2007년부터 2008년까지 충남 아산과 천안농가 포장에서 수행하였다. 비출수형 2품종과 출수형 4 품종 등 총 6 품종을 시험한 결과 불량한 논에 재배하였을 경우에는 배수 양호한 논에 재배시의 66.4%로 건물수량이 감소하였고, 배수가 불량한 논에서는 SS405 품종이 습해에 비교적 강하고 줄기가 굵으며 건물수량이 ha 당 12.9톤으로 최고의 수량을 보였으며 소르단 79 품종은 배수 양호한 논에서 재배한 성적에 비해 배수가 불량한 논에 재배시에 공시 품종 중에서 수량 감소가 가장 컸으며, 수량 감소가 가장 작은 품종은 점보로 약 2 톤 정도의 감소를 보였다. 또한 사료가치는 ADF, NDF, CP 등에서 약간의 차이를 보였는데 SS405 품종은 배수 불량한 논에 재배시에만 조단백질이 1.1% 증가 하였고 다른 특성들간에 차이는 없었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2005

본 연구는 여름 사료작물(옥수수, 수수$\times$ 수단그라스 교잡종, 사료용 피, 율무, 밭벼)와 겨울 사료작물(호밀, 총체보리, 이탈리안 라이그라스)을 농촌진흥청 축산연구소 답리작 논에서 생육특성, 사료가치 그리고 건물생산성을 고려하여 최적 작부체계를 구명하기 위한 시험을 2002년부터 2004년까지 수행하였다. 여름 사료작물에 있어 도복에 강한 작물은 다른 초종에 비교해서 사일리지용 옥수수, 율무 그리고 밭벼가 강했으며, 겨울 사료작물 중에서는 호밀과 이탈리안 라이그라스보다 총체보리에서 강했다. 여름 사료작물과 겨울 사료작물을 15개 작부조합 하였을 때 총체보리+수수$\times$ 수단그라스 교잡종, 호밀+수수$\times$ 수단그라스 교잡종 그리고 이탈리안 라이그라스+수수$\times$ 수단그라스 교잡종의 작부조합에서 ha당 각각 27,766 kg, 27,296kg 그리고 25,365kg으로 건물생산성이 높았으며, 그 외에 총체보리+사일리지용 옥수수와 호밀+사일리지 옥수수에서 각각 ha당 23,766kg과 23,572 kg으로 양호하였다.