• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Objectives: The enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the processing methods that improve its effectiveness on medicinal herbs. In this research, changes in ingredients and activity by enzymatic hydrolysis were studied. Methods: For this study, a carbohydrate hydrolase such as viscozyme, which converts glycosides to aglycone, was applied to induce constituent changes in Sophora japonica Linne, Houttuynia cordata Thunberg and Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn. Changes in antioxidant activity were measured using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazl (DPPH) method, and changes in ingredients were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: As a result of enzymatic hydrolysis, the content of quercetin was increased from 1.26 mg/g to 29.66 mg/g in Sophora japonica Linne, from 0 mg/g to 0.66 mg/g in Houttuynia cordata Thunberg and from 0.43 mg/g to 0.71 mg/g in Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn. As a result of the antioxidant experimentation, the IC₅₀ of Sophora japonica Linne decreased from 5 ug/ml (MeOH extract) and 9.1 ug/ml (EtOAc fraction) to 3.0 ug/ml, Houttuynia cordata Thunberg decreased from 15.6 ug/ml (MeOH extract) and 13.6 ug/ml (EtOAc fraction) to 11.2 ug/ml, and Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn decreased from 14.4 ug/ml (MeOH extract) and 12.6 ug/ml (EtOAc fraction) to 10.2 ug/ml. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was confirmed that glycoside rutin contained in the three medicinal herbs was changed to quercetin which is the aglycone, by the enzymatic hydrolysis using viscozyme. In terms of antioxidant activity, Sophora japonica Linne showed a significant antioxidant activity value that closes to the control group butylated hydroxyanisole. Houttuynia cordata Thunberg and Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn showed a minor increase in antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.171-180
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Flos Sophora japonica as natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose, the contents of general and antioxidative nutrients of Flos Sophora japonica a were measured. The contents of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid and ash are 67.76%, 19.87%, 4.61% and 7.76%. And the calories of Flos Sophora japonica Linne was 318.32 Kcal. Total dietary fiber was 25.35% of total carbohydrates. The percentages of water soluble dietary fiber to insoluble dietary fiber were 1.80 % and 23.56 %, respectively. The protein were contained total 18 different kinds of amino acids. The contents of non-essential and essential amino acids were 4,898.78mg and 5,953.51mg. The K was the largest mineral followed by Ca, P and Mg, which means Flos Sophora japonica Linne is alkali material. The contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 29.69%, 34.93% and 35.38%. Therefore, the amount of the total unsaturated fatty acid was higher than that of any other plant. The content of vitamin C in Flos Sophora japonica Linne was higher than that of any other plant, which suggest that it could increase blood elasticity. The content of rutin, which is responsible for capillary vessel permeability, was 22.60%. The contents of water soluble antioxidative materials in 1 mL of water-extracted Flos Sophora japonica Linne were 3.9 ${\mu}$g which is comparable to 1233.0 mmol of vitamin C in antioxidant effect. The general nutrients and other antioxidatant bioactive materials in Flos Sophora japonica Linne were also potential materials for good health food. It is expected that follow up study of Flos Sophora japonica Linne through developing processed food and evaluation of their functional properties would provide useful information as a source of medicinal foods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.132-132
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• 2003

In this GLP study, 4 study groups of 12 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats/sex were given vehicle, or 1,000, 1,500, or 2,000 mg/kg/day Sophora Japonica Linne Seed Extract (SE) for 13 weeks. Standard endpoints in this study included mortality, clinical observations, body weight, food and water consumption, ophthalmoscopic examination, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weights, gross anatomic pathology and histopathology.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.119-119
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to determine genotoxic potential of Sophora Japonica Linne Seed Extract(SE). The bacterial reverse mutation test set the treatment levels of SE at 0, 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500, 5000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate using Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100) and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA(pKM101). (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.119-119
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.132-132
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• 2003

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2009

Flos Sophora japonica L. (Leguminosae), commonly called scholar tree, is a well-known traditional medicine used for the treatment of bleeding and as an antihemorrhagic agent. This research was conducted to determine biofunctional activities of Flos Sophora japonica extract. Methanolic extract from Flos Sophora japonica was partitioned by using organic solvents, including n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed the strongest antioxidant activity ($RC_{50}=3.13{\mu}g/mL$) among the fractions. In antimicrobial activity assays, ethyl acetate soluble fraction was effective to bacterial inhibition, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, with minimum inhibitory concentrations in $125{\mu}g/mL$. In anticomplementary activity assays, water soluble fraction was the most effective exhibiting 21% inhibitory activity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.846-855
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• 2008

Objects : The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of five herbal medicines on cytochrome P450 3A4 drug-metabolizing enzymes in human liver microsomes. Methods : To use human liver microsomes, an extract of five herbal medicines, which are Artemisia princeps Pampan, Sophora jeponica Linne, Panax notoginseng F. H. Chen, Lithospermum Erythrorhizon Sieb., and Cirsium maackii Maxim, which together are called Jihyulyak(止血藥, drugs for arresting bleeding, hemostatics), was co-incubated and measured for relative enzyme activity in incubation condition compared to ketoconazole, a representative inhibitor of CYP 3A4. Results : We showed that all five of the traditional herbal medicines had no inhibition effect of CYP 3A4 at 10, 20, 30, 40, and $50{\mu}g/ml$ doses in human liver microsomes, although Sophora japonica Linne(SJL) showed a little inhibition at about 81% inhibition rate of control. However, this result is not enough to prove that SJL has a CYP 3A4 inhibition effect. Moreover, we can't make sure that those rates had significant induction effect on CYP 3A4. Conclusions : The result of this study could support that those herbal medicines are safer than chemical drugs, even if this is the basic step to prove that result.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.133-133
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• 2003

In recent years. attention has focused on the application of the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE or Comet) assay in environmental mutagenesis. To evaluate the suitability of the assay as a monitoring. technique, the DNA damages in liver cells and erythrocytes of carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene (B[${\alpha}$]P) were estimated comparatively with the in vivo Comet assay and the micronucleus test (MNT).(omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.193.2-193.2
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• 2003

Phytochemical examination of Sophorae Fructus yielded six phenolic compounds. The structures were elucidated as genistein(1), genistin(2) and genistein 7-O-${\alpha}$- L-rhamnopyranoside(3) by phytochemical and spectral evidences. The other compounds(4, 5, 6) are understudied by 2D-NMR. Nitric Oxide and PGE$_2$ production inhibitory activities in INF-${\gamma}$, LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cell were examined. Compound 2 and 4 showed significant nitrogen monoxide(NO) production inhibitory activity in IFN-${\gamma}$, LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cell. (omitted)