• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.557-572
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• 2018

The academic research works about liquid storage tanks are reviewed for the purpose of providing valuable reference to the engineering practice on their aseismic design. A summary of the performance of tanks during past earthquakes is described in this paper. Next, the seismic response of tanks under unidirectional earthquake is reported, supplemented with the dynamic response under multidirectional motions. Then, researches on the influence of soil-structure interaction are brought out to help modify the seismic design approach of tanks in different areas with variable properties of soils. Afterwards, base isolation systems are reported to demonstrate their effectiveness for the earthquake-resistant design of liquid storage tanks. Further, researches about the liquid-structure interaction are reviewed with description of simplified models and numerical analytical methods, some of which consider the elastic effect of tank walls. Moreover, the liquid sloshing phenomenon on the hydrodynamic behaviors of tanks is presented by various algorithms including grid-based and meshfree method. And then the impact of baffles in changing the dynamic characteristics of the liquid-structure system is raised, which shows the energy dissipation by the vortex motion of liquid. In addition, uplifting effect is given to enhance the understanding on the capacity of unanchored tanks and some assessment of their development. At last, the concluding remarks and the aspects of extended research in the field of liquid storage tanks under seismic loads are provided, emphasizing the thermal stress analysis, the replaceable system for base isolation, the liquid-solid interaction and dynamic responses with stochastic excitations.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.388-396
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• 2017

A Lagrangian approach based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate large and/or sharp deformations and fragmentations of interfaces, including free surfaces, through tracing each particle with physical quantities. According to the concept of the particle-based CFD method, it is possible to apply it to both fluid particles and solid particles such as sand, gravel, and rock. However, the presence of more than two different phases in the same domain can make it complicated to calculate the interaction between different phases. In order to solve multiphase problems, particle interaction models for multiphase problems, including surface tension, buoyancy-correction, and interface boundary condition models, were newly adopted into the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method. The newly developed MPS method was used to simulate a typical validation problem involving dam breaking. Because the soil and other particles, excluding the water, may have different viscosities, various viscosity coefficients were applied in the simulations for validation. The newly developed and validated MPS method was used to simulate the mobile beds induced by broken dam flows. The effects of the viscosity on soil particles were also investigated.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2022

Immersed boundary-Lattice Boltzmann Method (IB-LBM) is used for the analysis of flow over the circular cylinder in the concept of fluid-structure interaction analysis (FSI). Recently, IB-LBM has shown the enormous possibility for the application of various biomedical engineering fields, such as the movement of a human body or the behavior of the blood cells and/or particle-based drug delivery system in blood vessels. In order for the numerical analysis of the interaction between fluid and solid object, immersed boundary method and lattice Boltzmann method are coupled to analyze the flow over a cylinder for low Reynolds laminar flow (Re=10, 20, 40 and 100) with Zhu-He boundary condition at the boundary. With the developed IB-LBM, the flow around the cylinder in the uniform flow is analyzed for the laminar flow and the drag and lift coefficients and recirculation length are compared to the previous results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1653-1661
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• 2012

In this study, the pressure drop changes and structural characteristics of a SMART rod bundle under the effect of a coolant were investigated. The turbulence model of the BSL Reynolds stress model was used to model the coolant flow, and a fluid solid interaction simulation was conducted. First, fuel rod vibration analysis was performed to confirm the natural frequency of the fuel rod, which was supported by spacer grid assemblies, and this was compared with experimental results. From the experimental results, the natural frequency was found to be 48 Hz, and the error compared with the simulation results was 2%. The pressure drop at the rod bundle was calculated and compared with the experimental data; it showed an error of 8%, demonstrating the simulation accuracy. In the flow analysis, the flow velocity and secondary flow at different domains were calculated, and vortex generation was also observed. Finally, through the fluid solid interaction analysis, the fuel rod displacements caused by flow-induced vibrations were calculated. Then, calculated displacement PSD at maximum displacement happed point.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.19 no.3 s.73
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• pp.247-258
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• 2006

For the perforated cylindrical shell submerged in fluid, it is almost impossible to develop a finite element model due to the necessity of the fine meshing of the shell and the fluid at the same time. This necessitates the use of solid shell with equivalent material properties. Unfortunately the effective elastic constants are not found in any references even though the ASME code is suggesting those for perforated plate. Therefore in this study the equivalent material properties of perforated shell are suggested by performing several finite element analyses with respect to the ligament efficiencies.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.474-478
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• 2008

It has been shown that a nanofluid consisting of nanoparticles dispersed in base fluid has much higher effective thermal conductivity than pure fluid. In this study, four kinds of nanofluids such as multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) in water, CuO in water, SiO2in water, and CuO in ethylene glycol, are produced. Their thermal conductivities are measured by a transient hot-wire method. The thermal conductivity of water-based MWCNT nanofluid is shown to be increased by up to 11.3% at a volume fraction of 0.01. The measured thermal conductivities of MWCNT nanofluids are higher than those calculated with Hamilton-Crosser's model due to neglecting solid-liquid interaction at the interface. The results show that the thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids depends on the thermal conductivities of both particles and the base fluid. Stability of nanofluids is estimated by UV-vis spectrum analysis. Stability of nanofluid depends on the type of base fluid and the suspended particles. Also it can be improved in addition of a surfactant.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.171-181
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• 2006

We present a short review for authors' previous work on direct numerical simulations for inertialess hard particle suspensions formulated either with a Newtonian fluid or with viscoelastic polymeric fluids to understand the microstructural evolution and the bulk material behavior. We employ two well-defined bi-periodic domain concepts such that a single cell problem with a small number of particles may represent a large number of repeated structures: one is the sliding bi-periodic frame for simple shear flow and the other is the extensional bi-periodic frame for planar elongational flow. For implicit treatment of hydrodynamic interaction between particle and fluid, we use the finite-element/fictitious-domain method similar to the distributed Lagrangian multiplier (DLM) method together with the rigid ring description. The bi-periodic boundary conditions can be effectively incorportated as constraint equations and implemented by Lagrangian multipliers. The bulk stress can be evaluated by simple boundary integrals of stresslets on the particle boundary in such formulations. Some 2-D example results are presented to show effects of the solid fraction and the particle configuration on the shear and elongational viscosity along with the micro-structural evolution for both particles and fluid. Effects of the fluid elasticity has been also presented.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.1912-1915
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• 2007

The disjoining pressure is critical in modeling the transport phenomena in small scales. They are very useful in characterizing the non-continuum effects that are not negligible in heat and mass transports in the film of less than submicro-scales. We present he disjoining pressure of thin film absorbed on solid substrate using Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MD). The disjoining pressure with respect to the film thickness is accurately calculated in the resolution of a molecular scale. The characteristics of the pressure are discussed regarding the molecular nature of the fluid system like molecular diameter and intermolecular interaction. Also, the MD results are compared with those based on the macroscopic approximation of the slab-like density profile. Significant discrepancy is observed when the effective film thickness is less than several molecular diameter

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2004

The unified simulation for the multiphase flow by predictor-corrector scheme based on CIP method is introduced. In this algorithm, the interface between different phases is identified by a density function and tracked by solving an advection equation. Solid body motion is modeled by the translation and angular motion. The mathematical formulation and numerical results are also described. To verify the efficiency, accuracy and capability of proposed algorithm, two dimensional incompressible cavity flow, the motion of a floating ball into water and a single rising bubble by buoyancy force are numerically simulated by the present scheme. As results, it is confirmed that the present scheme gives an efficient, stable and reasonable solution in the multiphase flow problem.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.28-32
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• 2015

Blood flow simulations in an realistic carotid bifurcation model with considering wall compliance were carried out to investigate the effect of wall elasticity on the wall shear stress and wall solid stress. Canonical waveforms of flow rates and pressure in carotid arteries were imposed for boundary conditions. Compared to a rigid wall model, we found an increased recirculation region at the carotid bulb and an overall reduction of wall shear stress in a compliant model. Additionally, there was appreciable change of flow rate and pressure wave in longitudinal direction. Both solid and wall shear stress concentration occur at the bifurcation apex.