• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.323-326
• /
• 2002

Oxygen uptake characteristics of soil microcosm added by hydrocarbon degrading bacteria screened from polluted site in Korea was studied. The degradation of TPH was enhanced by additon of nononionic surfactants. The amount of oxygen consumed was decreased at higher concentration. The degradation rate of hydrocarbon was decreased by increasing the hydrcarbon concentration.

• 기술사
• /
• 제43권6호
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2010

Soil plays a huge role in climate change, because even a tiny loss of 0.1% of carbon emitted into the atmosphere from European soils is the equivalent to the carbon emission of 100million extra cars on Europe's roads - an increase of about half of the existing car fleet. Soils contain around twice the amount of carbon in the atmosphere and three times the amount to be found in vegetation. Europe's soils are an enormous carbon reservoir, containing around 75billion tonnes, and poor management can have serious consequences. Soil degradation is accelerating across the EU, with negative effects on human health, ecosystems and climate change - and on economic prosperity and quality of life. Climate change is identified as a common element in many soil threats. Europe's soils urgently need better protection. The current trend of soil degradation needs to be reversed, and soil management practices must be improved if a high rate of soil carbon sequestration is to be achieved.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.126-132
• /
• 2012

A cellulose-degrading composite microbial system containing a mixture of microbes was previously shown to demonstrate a high straw-degrading capacity. To estimate its potential utilization as an inoculant to accelerate straw biodegradation after returning straw to the field, two cellulose-degrading composite microbial systems named ADS3 and WSD5 were inoculated into wheat straw-amended soil in the laboratory. The microbial survival of the inoculant was confirmed by a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis, whereas the enhancement of straw degradation in soil was assessed by measuring the mineralization of the soil organic matter and the soil cellulase activity. The results indicated that most of the DGGE bands from ADS3 were detected after inoculation into straw-amended autoclaved soil, yet only certain bands from ADS3 and WSD5 were detected after inoculation into straw-amended non-autoclaved soil during five weeks of incubation; some bands were detected during the first two weeks after inoculation, and then disappeared in later stages. Organic matter mineralization was significantly higher in the soil inoculants ADS3 and WSD5 than in the uninoculated controls during the first week, yet the enhanced degradation did not persist during the subsequent incubation. Similar to the increase in soil organic matter, the cellulase activity also increased during the first week in the ADS3 and WSD5 treatments, yet decreased during the remainder of the incubation period. Thus, it was concluded that, although the survival and performance of the two inoculants did not persist in the soil, a significant enhancement of degradation was present during the early stage of incubation.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.11-15
• /
• 1998

이 연구는 담수토양 조건에서 토양에 처리된 carbofuran이 시간의 경과에 따라 분해될 때 토양에 존재하는 미생물적 요인이 carbofuran의 분해에 기여하는 정도를 분석하고, 토양내 유기탄소의 양이 비교적 풍부할 때 토양에 존재하는 황산염 성분이 carbofuran의 분해 속도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위한 것으로서, 1996년 3월 하순 경기도 시흥시의 논에서 채취한 토양을 대조토양으로 하여 이 대조토양에 cellulose와 황산염의 첨가와 멸균 처리를 하여 대조토양, 멸균토양, 10%의 cellulose 첨가 토양, 10% cellulose와 1%의 황산제일철($FeSO_4 \;{\cdot}\;7H_2O$) 동시 첨가 토양, 그리고 10% cellulose와 1% 황산마그네슘($MgSO_4 \;{\cdot}\;7H_2O$) 동시 첨가 토양 등의 다섯 종류의 토양시료를 만들었다.이들 토양시료에 총 농도 50ppm가 되도록 carbofuran을 첨가하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 4주간 배양하면서 carbofuran의 토양내 잔류량을 측정하였다.멸균토양의 carbofuran의 잔류량은 대조토양에 비해 매우많았는데(p<0.05), 4주 동안 배양시 대조토양에 비해 잔류량이 약 18% 정도 많았다. 토양내 carbofuran의 잔류량을 배양 4주 동안 측정한 결과, 10%의 cellulose와 황산마그네슘을 동시에 첨가한 토양에서 carbofuran의 잔류량이 대조토양과 10% cellulose만을 첨가한 토양이나 10% cellulose와 황산재일철 동시 첨가 토양에 비해많아서 (p<0.01), 황산염과 마그네슘 함량이 일정 농도 이상으로 높은 토양에서 carbofuran의 분해가 지연되는 결과를 나타내었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.757-766
• /
• 2016

MTBE and other gasoline additives contained in gasoline are known to be a refractory substance resistant to biodegradation. As a method of removing these substances, a research of method using native microbes of polluted soil was progressed and among these, bio-degradation possibility under aerobic condition was evaluated. All of the experiments were progressed based on batch experiment of lab scale and analyzed by GC-FID using HS-SPME technique. The result of bio-degradation experiment based on MTBE and other additives(ETBE, TAME) was observed below 1 mg/L, which initial concentration were 100 mg/L for each method. And through production of by-product and CO2, partial mineralization was confirmed. Degradation velocity of each additive was promptly represented in the order of TBA>ETBE>MTBE>TAME. Through this study, bio-degradation possibility of native microbes of oil polluted soil, MTBE and other gasoline additives was confirmed and it was considered that the result could be used for basic experiment data in removing oil pollutants of soil.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.241-247
• /
• 2012

Many infectious diseases have emerged or re-emerged during the past 50 years in South Korea. There were three outbreaks of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in South Korea between January 2010 and March 2011. Over 3.45 million animals were slaughtered (33.3% of the existing pigs, 8.4% of dairy cows and 3.4% of cattle). To select optimal degradation agents of animal cadavers, degradation rates and fertilizer components of pig cadavers were investigated using hydrogen chloride (HCl), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) hydrolysis methods. Degradation rates of pig cadavers using HCl, KOH and NaOH were 81.1, 82.8 and 91.6%, respectively. Total nitrogen (T-N) concentration in degradation solution of pig cadavers using KOH hydrolysis method was higher than that in NaOH and HCl hydrolysis methods. Total phosphorus ($P_2O_5$) concentrations in degradation solution of pig cadavers in all hydrolysis methods ranged 0.14 ~ 0.28%. Total potassium ($K_2O$) concentration for KOH hydrolysis method was higher than that for other hydrolysis methods. The concentration of T-N and $K_2O$ in degradation solution of pig cadavers by KOH hydrolysis method were higher than that in NaOH and HCl hydrolysis methods. Thus, to recycle animal cadavers in agriculture, the optimal degradation agent for hydrolysis was KOH.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.602-608
• /
• 2010

An atrazine-degrading bacterium, strain KU001, was obtained from a sugarcane field at the Cane and Sugar Research and Development Center at the Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Thailand. Strain KU001 had a rod-to-coccus morphological cycle during growth. Biolog carbon source analysis indicated that the isolated bacterium was Arthrobacter histidinolovorans. Sequence analysis of the PCR product indicated that the 16S rRNA gene in strain KU001 was 99% identical to the same region in Arthrobacter sp. The atrazine degradation pathway in strain KU001 consisted of the catabolic genes trzN, atzB, and atzC. Strain KU001 was able to use atrazine as a sole nitrogen source for growth, and surprisingly, atrazine degradation was not inhibited in cells grown on ammonium, nitrate, or urea, as compared with cells cultivated on growth-limiting nitrogen sources. During the atrazine degradation process, the supplementation of nitrate completely inhibited atrazine degradation activity in strain KU001, whereas ammonium and urea had no effect on atrazine degradation activity. The addition of strain KU001 to sterile or nonsterile soils resulted in the disappearance of atrazine at a rate that was 4- to 5-fold more than that achieved by the indigenous microbial community. The addition of citrate to soils resulted in enhanced atrazine degradation, where 80% of atrazine disappeared within one day following nutrient supplementation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.128-133
• /
• 1997

유기물 함량이 다른 두 종류의 토양을 선정하여 풍건한 조건, 유기물을 제거한 조건 및 유기물을 제거한 토양에 humic acid 또는 fulvic acid를 첨가한 세 가지 형태로 구분하여 살균제 fluazinam (3-chloro-N-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyl)-${\alpha},{\alpha},{\alpha}$-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-${\rho}-toludine$)의 흡착, 탈착, 용탈 및 잔류량의 변화를 조사하였다. Fluazinam의 흡착양상은 Freundlich equation에 잘 부합되었다. 유기물을 제거한 토양에서 fluazinam의 흡착량 및 흡착강도는 유기물을 제거하지 않은 토양에 비하여 감소하였다. 유기물을 제거한 토양에 humic acid 또는 fulvic acid를 각각 2.0%또는 0.5%되게 첨가한 경우, 흡착량은 fulvic acid를 첨가한 토양에서 높게 나타났다. 유기물을 제거한 토양에 흡착된 fluazinam의 탈착율은 증가하였다. Soil column시험에서 토양표면에 처리된 fluazinam은 유출수에 의하여 용탈되지 않았으며, 대부분이 표토층 (5 cm)에 존재하였고 표층 15 cm 이하로는 이동되지 않았다. 토양중 fluazinam의 잔류량변화는 유기물 함량이 적은 토양 보다는 많은 토양에서, 살균조건의 토양보다는 비살균조건의 토양에서, 비담수토양 보다는 담수토양에서 빠르게 감소하였다.

• Advances in environmental research
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2012

We demonstrated that reductive degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (Royal Demolition Explosive, RDX) can be enhanced by bio-reduced iron-bearing soil minerals (IBSMs) using Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 (CN32). The degradation kinetic rate constant of TNT by bio-reduced magnetite was the highest (0.0039 $h^{-1}$), followed by green rust (0.0022 $h^{-1}$), goethite (0.0017 $h^{-1}$), lepidocrocite (0.0016 $h^{-1}$), and hematite (0.0006 $h^{-1}$). The highest rate constant was obtained by bio-reduced lepidocrocite (0.1811 $h^{-1}$) during RDX degradation, followed by magnetite (0.1700 $h^{-1}$), green rust (0.0757 $h^{-1}$), hematite (0.0495 $h^{-1}$), and goethite (0.0394 $h^{-1}$). Significant increase of Fe(II) was observed during the reductive degradation of TNT and RDX by bio-reduced IBSMs. X-ray diffraction and electron microscope analyses were conducted for identification of degradation mechanism of TNT and RDX in this study. 4-amino-dinitrotoluene were detected as products during TNT degradation, while Hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine, Hexahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5-nitro-1,3,5triazine, and Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine were observed during RDX degradation.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.33-36
• /
• 2006

The reductive dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds by soil minerals in soil and groundwater were carried out in this study. FeS, green rust, and magnetite were chosen as the representative soil minerals which were capable of degrading chlorinated compound in soil system. FeS was the most effective reductant in degradation of carbon tetrachloride. The reductive degradation of CT and 1,1,1-TCA by FeS was much faster than that of 1,2-DCB and 2,4-DCP. The reactivity of FeS was effectively improved by the addition of trace metals. The addition of Co to FeS suspension enhanced the reaction rate of 1,2-DCB by a factor of 46 compared to that by FeS without Co.