• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.137-138
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• 2022

2022년 7월 8일 일본 전 총리 아베는 나라현의 야마토사이다이지 역에서 야마가미 데스야의 사제총격에 심각한 총상을 입고 과다출혈로 사망하였다. 다중이용시설에서의 테러안전관리 미흡으로 인해 발생한 본 사건은 다중이용시설 테러안전관리의 중요성을 보여주는 대표적인 테러사례이다. 국내와 유사한 테러환경을 갖춘 인접국가 일본 발생한 테러사건이므로, 국내 다중이용시설 테러안전관리에 대한 경각심을 일깨워 주고 있다. 대한민국은 세계적으로 높은 인구밀도와 원스톱 서비스의 선호 욕구로 인해 대부분의 다중이용시설들은 운송·판매·문화 및 집회 등의 기능이 다양하게 복합된 시설로 발전해 가고 있어, 테러리스트의 테러대상 선정의 3가지 요건인 접근성(Easy-Access), 상징성(symbolism), 미디어 집중성(Media Attention)을 갖춘 매력적인 테러대상시설이 되어 가고 있다. 또한, 최근 국제테러 동향을 살펴보면, 국가중요시설, 군사시설과 같은 하드 타겟(Hard Target)보다 엔터테인먼트, 문화, 관람, 카지노, 시장, 플라자, 광장, 소매점, 대형마트 등의 판매·문화 및 집회시설인 소프트 타겟(Soft Target)에서 고 위험성의 테러가 높은 빈도로 발생하고 있는 추세로 다중이용시설은 테러안전관리가 절대적으로 필요해져 가고 있다. 이에 반해, 국내 다중이용시설 테러안전관리를 위한 지도·점검 및 시설 취약요인 사전제거 활동 등 대부분의 대테러 활동이 미흡한 실정이다. 국내에서 소프트 타겟은 『테러방지법 제25조 시행령』(테러대상시설 및 테러이용수단 안전 대책 수립)과 『테러대상시설 및 테러이용수단 시설의 안전대책에 관한 규정』에 따라 정부에서는 대테러 활동을 매년 상시적으로 하고 있지만, 아직까지 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현 다중이용시설의 테러안전관리 문제점과 취약점을 살펴보고, 이에 대한 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2018

In the digital era, news consumption is not confined in geological boundaries. Technological advances bring the instant dissemination of news into life and allow news audience to consume events that occur far away almost in real time. The transmission has blurred the boundary between traditional media and new media, and the one between physical and virtual world. That is, what if a journalist applies news framing to the news translation process? This paper aims to investigate the gap between the ST and the TT created when the source news texts undergo a translation process. To achieve this aim, the appraisal theory developed by White (2003) is employed to identify a difference between the ST and the TT. Furthermore, we have attempted to identify differences between soft news stories and hard news stories while the STs from both news stories are translated into the TTs. Two time-sensitive events, Hugh Grant's marriage and a U.S. and North Korea summit, were selected. The former (a soft news story) is extracted from the Telegraph and the latter (a hard news story) is from the Washington post. As a result, it was found that such strategies as attitude, engagement, and judgment were used when the source news texts from the hard news story are translated into the target news texts. Under the appraisal theory, the strategies involve evaluative language which refers to positive or negative language that judges the worth of entities. In general, it is said that a journalist frames the SS (especially from the hard news story) to convey his ideology to news consumers. Hypothetically, we assume that a similar framing process takes place in deriving the TT from the SS of the hard news story. Thus, we could conclude that the TT from the hard news story differs from the TT from the soft news story and that the difference can be explained within the framework of White's appraisal theory.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.230-233
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• 2003

This study describes the conceptual design of a soft x-ray microscope system based on a laserbased source for biomedical application with high resolution (${\leq}$50nm). The laboratory scale soft x-ray microscope consists of high power laser plasma x-ray source and grazing incidence mirrors with high reflectivity. The laser plasma source used for developing this system employs Q-switched Nd-YAG pulsed laser. The laser beam is focused on a tantalum (Ta) target. The Wolter type I mirror was used as condenser optics for sample illumination and as objective mirror for focusing on a detector. The fabrication of the Wolter type I mirror was direct internal cutting using ultraprecision DTM. A hydrated biological specimen was put between the two silicon wafers, the center of which was $Si_3N_4$ windows of 100㎚ thickness. The main issues in the future development work are to make a stable, reliable and reproducible x-ray microscope system.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1692-1697
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• 2023

Staphylococcus aureus integrated with mecA gene, which codes for penicillin-binding protein 2a, is resistant to all penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics, resulting in poor treatment expectations in skin and soft tissue infections. The development of a simple, sensitive and portable biosensor for mecA gene analysis in S. aureus is urgently needed. Herein, we propose a dual-toehold-probe (sensing probe)-mediated exonuclease-III (Exo-III)-assisted signal recycling for portable detection of the mecA gene in S. aureus. When the target mecA gene is present, it hybridizes with the sensing probe, initiating Exo III-assisted dual signal recycles, which in turn release numerous "3" sequences. The released "3" sequences initiate catalytic hairpin amplification, resulting in the fixation of a sucrase-labeled H2 probe on the surface of magnetic beads (MBs). After magnet-based enrichment of an MB-H1-H2-sucrase complex and removal of a liquid supernatant containing free sucrase, the complex is then used to catalyze sucrose to glucose, which can be quantitatively detected by a personal glucose meter. With a limit of detection of 4.36 fM for mecA gene, the developed strategy exhibits high sensitivity. In addition, good selectivity and anti-interference capability were also attained with this method, making it promising for antibiotic tolerance analysis at the point-of-care.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.29 no.spc1
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• pp.291-294
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• 1996

The .Japanese sun observing satellite, Yohkoh, has been operational for five years and her scientific instruments are still in good condition. They have revealed ample of evidences that solar flares were triggered by magnetic reconnection, which was, for the first time, clearly indicated to take place in the solar corona. Cusp structures in soft X-rays and a new type of hard X-ray sources at the top of flaring loops have strongly supported the scenario originally proposed by C-S-H-KP. Nonthermal energy input in hard X-rays and thermal energy estimated from soft X-rays are fundamentally consistent with the interpretation of thick-target and chromospheric-evaporation models (Neupert effect). X-ray jets, another discovery of Yohkoh, were also associated with magnetic reconnection, as a result of the interaction of emerging fluxes with pre-existing coronal loops. Temperature structures of active regions, quiet sun, and coronal holes had very dynamic differential-emission-measure (DEM) distributions and high-temperature tails of DEM were considered to come from the contribution of flare-like activity.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.139-146
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• 2012

This study was designed to examine comfort levels of pitch and loudness with target matching and their effects on electroglottographic (EGG) and acoustic measures. Twelve speakers, six males and six females, were instructed to produce /a/ sustained vowel for three seconds at a comfortable pitch and loudness level without any instruction and with a target matching procedure of either a certain f0 or SPL separately with visual and auditory feedback. The range of pitch for females and males were presented by progressing up and down randomly at intervals of 5Hz from 150 Hz to 310 Hz (total 33 frequency targets) and from 85 Hz to 190 Hz (total 22 frequency targets), respectively. The loudness levels were 65, 75, 85, 95 dB (total of four intensity targets) for both males and females. Subjective estimations of comfortable levels were obtained using a 10-point equal-appearing interval rating scale following each phonation. The results showed that males and females demonstrated similar trends in loudness levels with greatest comfort at 75 dB, whereas pitch comfort ratings showed a greater variability with females having a wider range with target matching. In the comfort levels of individuals, most male and female speakers rated higher comfort at soft, rather than loud phonations. On the other hand, most male speakers perceived highest comfort levels below the comfort pitch levels they phonated under natural conditions. Higher frequency ranges, however, were perceived to be more comfortable than those of natural condition in most female speakers, although the comfortable pitch levels in spontaneous phonations were within the comfort level ranges determined by targeted phonations. When comparing acoustic (%jitter, %shimmer, SNR) and EGG measures (CQ%) between spontaneous comfortable phonations and targeted phonations produced by the same subject at similar f0 and intensity, no significant differences were observed (p>0.05). Thus, target matching procedures may be considered a compatible and alternative method to reduce the variability of comfortable pitch and loudness levels by eliciting consistent comfortable phonations.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.539-552
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• 2014

A simplified probability-based design charts for stone column-improved ground have been presented based on the unit cell approach. The undrained cohesion ($c_u$) and coefficient of radial consolidation ($c_r$) of the soft soil are taken as the most predominant random variables. The design charts are developed to estimate the diameter of the stone column or the spacing between the stone columns by employing a factored design value of $c_r$ and $c_u$ so as to satisfy a specific probability level of the target degree of consolidation and/or a target safe load that needs to be achieved in a specified timeframe. The design charts can be used by the practicing engineers to design the stone column-improved ground by considering consolidation and /or bearing capacity of the improved ground.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.593-600
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• 2013

The asymmetric pulsed DC reactive magnetron sputtering system is widely used for the high quality plasma sputtering process such as a thin film deposition. In asymmetric pulsed DC power supply a reverse voltage is applied to the target periodically to minimize arc discharging effect. When sputtering in the mid-frequency range (20-350 kHz), the periodic target voltage reversals suppress arc formation at the target and provide long-term process stability. Thus, high quality, defect-free coatings of these materials can now be deposited at competitive rates. In this paper, a new style asymmetric pulsed DC power supply including mid-transformer is presented. In the proposed, an energy recovery circuit is adopted to reduce the mutual inductance of the transformer. As a result, the system dynamics of the voltage control loop is increased highly and the non-linear voltage boosting effect of the conventional system is removed. This work was proved through simulation and laboratory based experimental study.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.68 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 2018

This paper aims to develop response modification factors for stiffness degrading structures by incorporating soil-structure interaction effects. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of key SSI parameters, natural period of vibration, ductility demand and hysteretic behavior on the response modification factor of soil-structure systems. The nonlinear dynamic response of 6300 soil-structure systems are studied under two ensembles of accelograms including 20 recorded and 7 synthetic ground motions. It is concluded that neglecting the stiffness degradation of structures can results in up to 22% underestimation of inelastic strength demands in soil-structure systems, leading to an unexpected high level of ductility demand in the structures located on soft soil. Nonlinear regression analyses are then performed to derive a simplified expression for estimating ductility-dependent response modification factors for stiffness degrading soil-structure systems. The adequacy of the proposed expression is investigated through sensitivity analyses on nonlinear soil-structure systems under seven synthetic spectrum compatible earthquake ground motions. A good agreement is observed between the results of the predicted and the target ductility demands, demonstrating the adequacy of the expression proposed in this study to estimate the inelastic demands of SSI systems with stiffness degrading structures. It is observed that the maximum differences between the target and average target ductility demands was 15%, which is considered acceptable for practical design purposes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1831-1835
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• 2014

Background: To investigate the relationship between extracellular matrix parameters and texture of prostatic lesions evaluated by transrectal real-time tissue elastography (TRTE). Methods: 120 patients suspicious for prostate cancer underwent TRTE. Targeted biopsies were carried out after 12-core systematic biopsy. Epithelia were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and Victoria blue and Ponceau S were used to stain elastic-collagen fibers, and picric acid-sirius red for visualization of collagen type I (Col1) and III (Col3). Smooth muscles were visualized by immunohistochemistry. All image analyses were performed in a blind manner using Image Pro Plus 6.0, and the area ratios of epithelium, elastic fibers, collagen fibers and Col1/Col3 were determined. Results: 42 patients with typical elastograms were included in the final data analysis. Significant differences were detected between the benign and malignant groups in the area ratios of epithelium (P = 0.01), smooth muscles and Col1/Col3 (P = 0.04, P = 0.02, respectively). There were no significant differences in the area ratios of epithelium, smooth muscle and elastic fibers between the stiff and soft lesion groups. The area ratio of Col1 was ($0.05{\pm}0.03$) in the stiff group, and ($0.02{\pm}0.01$) in the soft group (P= 0.00). However, the area ratio of Col3 was ($0.03{\pm}0.02$) in the stiff group, and ($0.05{\pm}0.04$) in the soft group (P = 0.16). Col1/Col3 in the stiff group ($1.99{\pm}1.59$) was greater than in the soft group ($0.71{\pm}0.64$) (P = 0.01). Conclusions: Tissue hardness of prostatic tumors was mainly dependent on the Col1 content, Col1/Col3 being higher in malignant than in benign lesions, so the prostate tissue texture can be used as a target for distinguishing between the two with TRTE.