• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 1990

This study aims to find out the prevalence of smoking, and to analyze the effect of smoking for health status, and then to emphasize the necessity of stop smoking. The data used in this study are obtained from periodic health care programe at Health Care Center in a suburban hospital, and selected 435 males who have occupation. The independent varibles chosen for the analysis are general charactersitic variables and smoking habit. The dependent variables are designed to cover the health status of individual cases, and include blood pressure, blood cholesterol level with HDL-cholesterol and blood triglyceride level, recent symptoms and recently being managed diseases. The result of this study are summarized as follows. 1) Percentage of smoker by the age groups is highest in 4th decade, being 71.1%. The second and third ranks are 6th and 7th decades, being 53.5% and 44.4%, respectively. 2) In the view of socio-economic levels, smoking rate is higher in the groups who live at rural area and whoes occupation is labor or merchant. Smoking rate is significantly higher in the heavy drinking group. 3) Among the atherosclerotic risk factors, which include hypertension, HDL-cholesterol by total cholesterol ratio lower than 0.2 and triglyceride level higher than 200gm/dl, hypertension was not statistically associated with smoking, but others revealed statistically high association with smoking. 4) The groups who have the symptoms of severe fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, pulmonary symptoms, palpitation and chest tightness havepositive association with smoking. 5) The groups who have hypertension with cardiovascular diseases and gastrointestinal diseases showed highly significant association with non-smoking. 6) In relation of the smoking habit to the atherosclerotic risk factor index, smokers have more atherosclerotic risk factors, but that is not statistically significant. 7) In relation of the smoking habit to the recent symptom index, smokers have more symptoms than non-smokers with statistical significance. In conclusion, smokers have worse health status than non-smokers especially in the atherosclerotic risk factors such as hypertension or abnormal blood lipid status and have more symptoms such as severe fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, pulmonary symptoms, palpitation and chest tightness. And the campaingn against smoking should direct for the male in 4th decade because they have highest smoking rate.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.118-128
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• 2023

Background: Personal socio-economic abilities are crucial as it affects health inequalities. These multidimensional inequalities across the regions have been structured and fixed. This study aimed to analyze health vulnerabilities by regional cluster and identify regional health disparities of self-rated health, using nationally representative cross-sectional data. Methods: This study used personal and regional data. Data from the Community Health Survey 2021 were analyzed. K-means cluster analysis was applied to 250 si-gun-gu using administrative regional data. The clusters were based on three areas: physical environment, health-related behaviors and biological factors, and the psychosocial environment through the conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. And binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the differences in self-rated health status by the regional clusters, controlling human biology, environment, lifestyle, and healthcare organization factors. Results: The most vulnerable group was group 3, the moderate vulnerable group was group 1, and the least vulnerable group was group 2. The group 2 was more likely to have high self-rated health status than the moderate vulnerable group (odds ratio [OR], 1.023; p<0.001). And the group 3 showed low self-rated health status than the moderate vulnerable group (OR, 0.775; p<0.001). However, the moderate vulnerable group had significantly higher self-rated health status than the most vulnerable group (group 2: OR, 1.023; p<0.001; group 3: OR, 0.775; p<0.001). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that community members' health status is influenced by regional determinants of health and individual levels. And these contribute to understanding the importance of specific and differentiated interventions like locally tailored support programs considering both individual and regional health determinants.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.74-90
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• 2021

Background: It is getting important to improve the oral health status of the elderly because oral health status may affect their health status of the whole body. In this respect, we aimed to explore the association of oral health status and behavior factors with self-rated health status by sex. Methods: Using the data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for health surveys and oral examinations (2016-2018), we analyzed a total of 3,070 people aged 65 or older (men: 1,329; women: 1,741). Our dependent variable, self-rated health status, was divided into two groups: not good (bad and very bad) and good (very good, good, and fair), whereas our independent variables of interest were oral health status and behavior factors. In addition to descriptive analysis and the Rao-Scott chi-square test, reflecting survey characteristics, we conducted hierarchical multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for socio-demographics and health status and behavior factors. All analyses were stratified by sex. Results: The proportion of people having 'not good' self-rated health was 36.5% in women but 24.5% in men. In a model adjusted for all covariates, the self-rated health status showed significant association with the self-rated oral health status. For example, in men, the risk of having 'not good' self-rated health was high in people having 'poor' (odds ratio [OR], 5.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.34-12.03) self-rated oral health status and in those having 'fair' (OR, 4.03; 95% CI, 1.68-9.70) in comparison with those having 'good' self-rated oral health status. Dental status regarding speaking difficulty seemed to be very important in influencing self-rated health status. For instance, in women, compared to people having 'no discomfort' speaking difficulty, the risk of having 'not good' self-rated health was high in people having 'not bad' (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.14-2.24) and 'discomfort' (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.30-2.47) speaking difficulty. The covariates significantly associated with the risk of having 'not good' self-rated health were: physical activity, chronic disease, stress, and body mass index in both sexes; health insurance type and drinking only in men; and economic activity only in women. Conclusion: Oral health status and behavioral factors were associated with self-rated health status among the elderly, differently by sex. This suggests that public health policies toward better health in the elderly should take their oral health status and oral health behaviors into account in a sex-specific way.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.543-551
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• 2012

Objectives : School-age children have mixed dentition and are sensitive to dental caries. Their dental condition is more important as it is directly related with oral health in their life, and parents' attention and education are necessary as the children can not manage their oral health voluntarily. Methods : To evaluate the effect of parents' occupational status on the oral health of children, this study conducted a questionnaire survey and analyzed the results along with the results of oral examination with 952 students and their parents of an elementary school located in Ulsan conducting school oral health projects on May, 2009. Results : As dental caries prevalence rate recorded 33.7%, 56.8% and 66.9% in non-dual income, professional dual income and non-professional dual income families, respectively, the rate of children of dual income families was significantly higher than that of non-dual income ones (p<0.05). Conclusions : For professional dual income families, although working mothers contribute to economic stability, they took less time to care or to educate their children compared to no-working mothers so that they need to pay more attention to oral health of children. In addition, more interest to and education for children of non-professional dual income families showing relatively lower socio-economic level and lack of time for children, were also necessary in school projects on oral health education and prevention.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2019

Purpose: As an interest in the elderly medical expenses increases, elderly people are increasingly purchasing indemnity private health insurance. Authors tried to investigate factors of having the indemnity private health insurance among the elderly people aged 65-75 years. Methods: We conducted panel logit regression analysis on 2,465 subjects as of 2016 using Korean Health Panel from 2010 to 2016. The dependent variable was whether to enroll in the indemnity private health insurance. The explanatory variables included socio-demographic characteristics, economic factors, health status, and health behaviors. Findings: As a result of the analysis of factors of purchasing indemnity private health insurances, it was analyzed that people with larger family, educated, pensioner, high household income or no disability were more likely to have indemnity private health insurance. Practical Implications: Considering the results of this study, the factor of purchasing indemnity private health insurance among elderly people were more likely to be their economic than demographic characteristics such as sex, age, and marital status. Policy makers should make efforts to reduce the burden on the elderly medical expense and to improve equity of medical use through institutional improvement such as raising age limit and lowering premium of indemnity private health insurance and expansion of public health insurance.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.355-376
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variables that had an effect on the maturity of career attitude in middle school students. Independent variables were categorized into three groups: individual-related variables, family-related variables, and school-related variables. The individual-related variables were gender difference, academic year, academic achievement, and self-efficacy. The family-related variables were socio-economic status of the family, communication about career with parents, parental support, sibling's support, and value orientation of the family. The school-related variables included communication about career with friends, teacher's support, and friend's support. The subjects of this study were 490 students who were selected at random from first, second, and third grade of middle school in Daegu. A questionnaire was used for the survey. It consisted of a career attitude maturity scale, a self-efficacy scale, a communication scale, a value orientation of the family scale, and a social support scale. The data was analyzed by factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. The major findings of this study are summarized as follow: First, among the individual-related variables that had an effect on the maturity of career attitude in middle school students, self-efficacy affected all sub-factors of how mature they were in matters relating to career. Academic achievement affected decisiveness and preparation-- maturity of career attitude subfactors. And gender difference and academic year affected preparation and goal orientation. Second, the results of the family-related variables that had an effect on the maturity of career attitudes in middle school students were that communication about career with parents affected decisiveness, preparation, and confidence-- maturity of career attitude sub-factors, socio-economic status of the family and sibling's support affected confidence. And value orientation of the family affected goal orientation and independence. Third, the results of the school-related variables that had an effect on the maturity of career attitude in middle school students were that communication about career with friends affected preparation-- a maturity of career attitude sub-factor; teacher's support affected decisiveness, preparation, and confidence; and friend's support affected confidence and independence. Fourth, decisiveness, preparation, and confidence among the maturity of career attitude sub-factors were affected the most by individual variables. And self-efficacy was the most significant. Goal orientation and independence were affected the most by family-related variables.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2014

본 연구는 미디어 인게이지먼트의 개념을 적용하여 정치캠페인에 적용할 수 있는 모델로서, 정치후보자를 지지하는 유권자의 표심을 읽어보고자 2012년 12.19, 18대 대통령선거(서울 외 12개 지역)와 2013년 4.24 재보궐 선거에서 총 선거권을 가진 유권자 729명을 대상으로 피플미터 CATI프로그램을 활용한 전화조사였다. 연구문제는 미디어 인게이지먼트 5개 속성(관심,몰입,연관,참여,만족)간 상관성과 사회경제적 차이와 매체이용 등이 이들의 5개 속성에 조절변수(moderating variable)역할을 하는 가를 분석했다. 분석결과 미디어 인게이지먼트의 5개 속성요인의 인과적 상관관계에서 연관성이 중요한 매개변수(mediating variable)역할의 변수라는 점이 밝혀졌다. 또한 매체(TV, SNS, 인쇄매체)이용정도와 사회경제적 지위(성별, 연령, 소득, 결혼, 직업, 지역)과 관여도, 그리고 대통령선거와 보궐선거 등이 미디어 인게이지먼트의 5개 속성에 조절효과가 있다는 점을 추론할 수 있다. 본 연구결과는 정치캠페인효과를 측정할 수 있는 연구모형으로 정치, 선거, 미디어, 광고 홍보영역 발전도모는 물론 학제간 융합연구에도 크게 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.75-89
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to explore whether the phenomenon of both married and unmarried adults' cohabiting with their parents in Korean society is "unilaterally parasitic" on the child's side, or is "interdependent", characterized by expectation and dependence from the parent's side. As a result of this study possessing the characteristics of theoretic research, the following propensities of parent-dependent adults have been discussed. First of all, it was discovered that the ratio of adult children dependent on and cohabiting with their parents is considerable. Second, parents cohabiting with their adult children have unfavorable sociological features, such as high age, low level of education and income, and lower standards of education and income, compared to parents in normal households. Third, it was found that parent-dependent adults in Korean society maintain a relatively high rate of financial activity and stable employment-based occupation status. Fourth, it was shown that the level of satisfaction on the relationship between parent-dependent adults and their parents was discovered to be high, which is contrastive to the prediction of negative results based on some previous researches. Single adult children's age, their level of education and financial activity status, and their parents' age and level of education were deducted as variables related to the level of satisfaction of the relationship between parents and their children. It seems that the issue of married and unmarried adults' cohabiting with their parents in Korean society should be approached from various perspectives such as political, economic, socio-cultural and developmental aspects. On the basis of this fundamental awareness and several of the materials, it is pertinent that approaches to both married and unmarried adults' cohabiting with parents in Korean society should be distinguished from approaches to those in Japanese or Western society because it reflects the uniqueness of Korean society. In the phenomenon of married and unmarried adults' cohabiting with their parents in Korean society, there are several factors besides the economic factor, especially the socio-cultural factor that have the characteristics of mutual dependence between parents and their children rather than those of unilateral parasitism, in contrast with the phenomenon in Japanese or Western society. This research was aimed to contribute by establishing basic data for policy making by providing necessary information to treat the issues of instability and anxiety related to families and reflection on the matters of generations and parent-child relationships in current Korean society.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2006

Objectives : Polymorphisms of genes from glutathione Stransferases (GSTs) and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) have been associated with increased susceptibility to various cancers. Previous results showed that East Asians such as Koreans, Japanese and Chinese have a much higher frequency of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes and NAT2 rapid acetylator type. Therefore, we investigated the association between the polymorphic types of GSTs (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) and NAT2 and the incidence of gastric cancer which is one of the most prevalent cancers among the East Asians. Methods : It was performed in a case-control study consisting of 238 healthy subjects and 108 cancer patients (54 distal and 54 proximal carcinomas). We also evaluated the association between GSTs and NAT2 and the risk factors for gastric cancer such as alcohol consumption, smoking, H. pylori infection, family history of gastric cancer, and tumor location. Results : In our study, the percentage of cases whose hometown was rural was higher than those of controls (odds ratio (OR) =2.88; 95% CI=1.72-4.76), and the frequency of the lower socio-economic status increased significantly in patients (OR=2.53; 95% CI=1.59-4.02). There was no significant difference in the GST polymorphic types between the cases and controls. However, NAT2 rapid or intermediate acetylator types were frequently detected in the cases with family history of gastric cancer (OR=1.92; 95% CI=1.79-26.0). Conclusions : These results suggest that the hometown and socio-economic status are important environmental factors for gastric carcinogenesis, and NAT2 polymorphic types could be associated with familial gastric carcinoma.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.127-164
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• 2003

이 연구에서는 한국의 아동과 청소년들이 부모에 대해 어떻게 지각하고 있는가 하는 토착심리를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 아동과 청소년들이 부모에 대해 고마움, 존경심, 죄송함, 친밀감, 갈등, 거리감을 느끼는 정도와 그 이유를 분석하였다. 분석대상은 총 763명으로서, 초등학교 3학년 212명, 중학교 2학년 267명, 고등학교 2학년 284명이었다. 이 연구에서 밝혀진 결과를 다음과 같은 세 가지 면에서 요약해 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 한국아동과 청소년의 부모에 대한 토착적인 지각과 관련된 내용이다. 부모에 대해 매우 고맙게 생각하였으며, 존경심을 갖고, 동시에 죄송한 마음을 갖고 있었는데, 부모의 가족을 위한 희생과 고생이 부모에 대한 고마움과 존경심의 가장 대표적인 이유였다. 이외에도 부모에 대한 존경의 이유로는 성실함, 혈연관계, 인자함, 높은 교육열과 지도가 포함되었다. 또한 한국의 아동과 청소년은 부모에 대해 강한 죄송함을 갖고 있었는데, 죄송한 이유로는 순종하지 않음과 부모의 기대에 못 미침 및 학업에 소홀함이 지적되었다. 부모 중에서 특히 어머니에 대해 강한 친밀감이 있었으며, 부모와 갈등의 이유로서 세대차이와 학업문제가 대표적으로 부각되었다. 둘째, 아동기에서 청소년기까지 부모에 대한 지각의 변화 측면이다. 부모와의 갈등은 점차 증가되었다. 부모에 대한 죄송한 마음도 증가하였으며, 이와 대조적으로 부모에 대한 고마움과 존경심은 감소하였다. 그리고 아버지에 대한 친밀감은 감소하였다. 셋째, 하위집단별 아동과 청소년의 부모에 대한 지각의 차이와 관련된 결과이다. 학업성취도가 높은 집단일수록, 또한 가정의 경제수준이 높은 집단일수록, 부모에 대해 고마움과 존경 및 죄송함을 느끼는 정도가 더욱 높았고, 갈등이나 거리감은 적었다.