• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.563-572
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the implementation of village fund (VF) policy in Indonesia by addressing the following issues: (1) what is the VF policy; (2) factors that support and hinder policy implementation; (3) impact of policy implementation; and (4) model for implementing village fund policies that can improve community welfare. Through a descriptive qualitative-based approach, several indicators are measured, namely, the substance of implementing rules, the results of project implementation, supporting and inhibiting factors for policies, participation factors, and the impact generated by village fund policies, which include social and economic effects. The extraction of this information and indicators will lead this study to produce ideal models and propositions for quantitative confirmatory research as a future research agenda. This study was conducted in two villages (Mojomulyo and Tambakromo) in Pati District, Central Java, Indonesia. Data collection model using interviews and observations from all actors who play a role (e.g., village government, village supervisory agency, and community). The study results show that policies have been implemented by normative rules; there are several supporting and inhibiting factors both internal and external. The study results also confirm the relevance of the articulated theory and some comprehensive input to our study.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2005

Both knowledge management and BSC practices are in its inception in the tourism field, and the study explores the relationships between knowledge and BSC perspectives using correlations and path analysis. The purpose of this study was to explore the casual relationships among tourist destination knowledge and BSC performance perspectives. The study model added knowledge perspectives to the usual BSC model (with customer, growth and learning, internal process, and financial perspectives), in addition to the modification of the financial perspectives to economic, socio-cultual and physical impact. The study found out that knowledge supports learning and growth perspectives greatly, and less extent, internal processes and customer perspectives. Learning and growth affects internal processes and customer perspectives. Internal process supports customer perspectives. Both customer and, less extent, internal process have impact on the final results. The final analysis results were different by destination type. The study concludes with recommendations for further studies including rational BSC model for tourist destinations and relationships between BSC performance indicators.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.131-149
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• 2019

스마트폰, 태블릿과 같은 디지털 기기의 보급이 광범위하게 확산되면서 '접근'을 중심으로 진행되던 정보격차에 대한 이론적 논의가 정보의 효과적인 '활용'과 능동적인 '생산', '공유'로 확대되고 있다. 이러한 논의가 중요한 것은 디지털 기술의 활용 행태가 개인의 인적, 물적 네트워크에 영향을 미침으로써 사회적 불평등 구조를 재생산하거나 심화시키는 결과를 가져올 수 있기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 개인이 맺고 있는 사회적 관계가 두 가지 유형의 사회적 자본(결속형, 가교형)을 매개로 디지털 기기의 경제적 활용과 사회참여적 활용에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 전문리서치 업체를 통해 수집된 740건의 설문조사 데이터에 대한 실증분석 결과, 개인의 사회적 관계가 수평적일수록 결속형 사회적 자본과 가교형 사회적 자본이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 개인의 사회적 관계는 두 가지 형태의 디지털 기기 활용(경제적, 사회참여적) 모두에 직접적인 영향보다는 사회적 자본을 통한 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 가교형 사회적 자본의 경우 두 가지 형태의 디지털 기기 활용 모두에 대해 매개효과가 존재했지만, 결속형 사회적 자본은 경제적 활용에 대해서만 매개효과가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 도출된 결과에 대한 해석과 함께 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제78권
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• pp.145-174
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• 2018

This study, focused on Official Development Assistance(ODA) as a solution to the global polarization and demonstrated how corporate social responsibility (CSR) plays a role in raising the performance of ODA. First, socio - economic value and profit - created by CSV activities have a significant effect on constructing an economic reciprocal relationship between donor countries and recipient countries. In addition, it has shown that it promotes the simultaneous development of companies and society through the strategic CSR model and consequently contributes to the achievement of ODA. Second, it suggests that the elements of the BOP model have a significant effect on improving the unreasonable wage system and unethical working conditions of developing countries. Furthermore, this suggests that improving the income of the poor can improve the performance of ODA. Third, this study reconstructed 'CSR Pyramid' of Carrol and newly devised CSRD theory. In the case of ODA to developing countries, economic, legal, ethical, and charitable responsibilities are set priorities. In this study, it is suggested that the priority should be flexibly set as economic ${\rightarrow}$ charitable ${\rightarrow}$ ethical ${\rightarrow}$ legal responsibility. This study reexamines the strategic CSR model in the international management field and conducted empirical analysis on CSV, BOP, CSRD model as the constituent elements. In addition, the strategic CSR model that has moved away from the traditional and old-fashioned perspectives still has room for development, and exploratory research to develop the model will continue to contribute to clarifying the concept and scope of CSR.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.253-273
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• 2020

This paper investigates the impact of the effective minimum wage, defined as the log difference between the minimum and the median wages, on wage inequalities in the OECD countries. Unlike the previous studies that focus on single countries in which the minimum wage has no cross-sectional variation and rely instead on within-country variations of wage distribution across regions or socio-economic characteristics, we use a country panel that allows for both cross-sectional and time-series variations in minimum wage. We also control for more factors than in the previous studies whose absence may cause endogeneity. Our results confirm the previous findings that increases in minimum wage alleviate the wage inequality at the lower tail of the wage distribution, while having little effect at the upper tail. The estimated effect is larger for women than for men, which is consistent with the fact that the share of workers who are directly affected by the changes in minimum wage is bigger among women than men. An application of the IVs of Autor, Manning and Smith (2016) supports the robustness of our findings.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.821-832
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• 2021

Economic deprivation of households remains a significant economic issue in the world. Researchers have shown great concern in identifying crucial factors to enhance poor households' socio-economic performance. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a new conceptual framework to investigate the influence of different microfinance services on households' socioeconomic performance using moderated mediation analysis of various crucial factors. Focus-group interviews with managements of the microfinance institution, i.e. Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM), and a systematic literature review were conducted for this purpose, and a new framework for the future study has been developed. The result from focus-group interviews and systematic literature review propose microfinance financial services, training programs, and business coaching as independent factors, whereas household socioeconomic performance as a dependent factor in the proposed model. Specifically, this study provides the direction to scholars to empirically test the direct relationship between financial services and household socioeconomic performance and the indirect relationship between training programs, business coaching, and household socioeconomic performance. Further, microfinance institutions' service efficiency is also included as a moderator that can strengthen microfinance services' effectiveness. The study also provides useful implications for policymakers, financial institutions, households, micro-enterprises, and researchers to better understand microfinance interventions and household economic mechanisms.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.555-585
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• 2013

본 연구는 경제 사회적 요인이 여성의 생활만족도에 미치는 영향과 한계효과에 대하여 복지패널 3차자료를 활용하여 순서화로짓(Odered Logit)분석을 실행하였다. 이를 위해 사회적 경제적 요인들이 주요 독립변수로 채택되었으며 표준화계수를 기준으로 주요 연구결과를 요약하면, 사회생활요인인 여가생활만족도, 사회적 친분관계만족도, 가족간 논의를 통한 문제해결, 긍정적 생활태도 등이 여성생활만족도 향상에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 경제적 요인인 주택유무, 가처분소득수준 등은 사회생활요인에 비교하여 적은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 가족간 불화, 저소득 가정 해당 등은 생활만족도에 부정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 정부는 여성의 생활만족도를 향상시킬 수 있는 시설이나 프로그램 개선에 더 많은 정책적 관심을 가져야 할 것이다.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to assess the greening of investment flows as well as the orientation of financial sources of effective environmental protection. Both India and Vietnam are considered to be two Asian countries that are radically affected by global climate change. Governments of the two countries have implimented numerous measures against environmental pollution through the banking and finance sector. Developing green banking operations in India and Vietnam is a new direction in the socio-economic development strategy coupled with effective environmental protection. Research design, data and methodology: The data was mainly based on Asia Development Bank Institution (ADBI) and Bank of India (BOI) from 2015 - 2018. This paper focused on comparing and evaluating the development of green banks between the two countries. Result: The banks' contribution to green growth and green economy is shown in two basic aspects: (i) the connection between organizations, and individuals, and management process for investment projects, including environmental risks; and (ii) the operation of banks has a direct impact on the environment, through the application of technology to pay documents and apply e-banking. Conclusion: Paper reflects, compares and evaluates green banking operations in India and Vietnam to provide new directions aiming to develop financial and economic system along with effective and efficient step toward climate change control. India's green banking operations, after a specific assessment, will be lessons for the Government of Vietnam during the process of socio-economic development and environmental protection.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.403-413
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• 2005

The environmental conservation-targeted zoning in urban planning process has been functioned as securing a ecological core in urban green spaces management. Hence, the designation of conservation zones in land use planning is considered as a key task to achieve the sustainability of urban planning. The recently introduced pre-environmental review system for the proposed urban plan, by which the conservative measures for urban ecosystem and landscape are suggested in aspect of environmental impact mitigation, has played an active role in enhancing the environmental performance degraded by wide range of development pressure. This study is aimed at drawing out of objective criteria for designation of environmental conservation zones, which can be applied to urban planning establishment and also to environmental assessment process. To achieve this goal, the study adopted the following methods; pre-study review, analysis of existing official opinion statements released by the Ministry of Environment, contents analysis of related laws, and experts' panel discussions on the finally arranged criteria. The results of this research can be summarized as follows: First, the total criteria of 48 are drown out with categorizing into environment-ecological and socio-cultural sectosr. Second, the environment-ecological part is composed of 33 criteria such as vegetation, animal, geomorphology, watershed, environmental land suitability, and etc. Here, the Degree of Ecological Function, Degree of Environmental Land Suitability, and Vegetation Map are mainly utilized. Third, the 15 socio-cultural criteria relating to the history, social ecology and landscape have such components as forest around relics, Seo-won(school), castle, tomb, landmark, skyline, natural landscape, and etc. Forth, these individual criteria can be applied to designation of each conservation zones among total of 11 conservation areas(or districts).

• 환경정책연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.39-57
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• 2012

유전자원의 접근 및 이익의 공평하고 균등한 공유에 관한 나고야의정서(이하 '의정서'로 지칭함)의 발효에 따라 향후 우리나라의 바이오기업들이 해외 유전자원에 접근하고 이용과정에서 나타날 수 있는 추가적인 경제적 부담을 분석하였다. 의정서 가입에 따라 발생할 수 있는 우리나라 바이오기업들의 추가적인 부담 금액은 우리나라의 바이오산업 규모, 해외 유전자원 의존비율, 로열티 기준 ABS 적용비율을 이용하여 분석하였다. 의정서가 2009년에 발효했다면, 우리나라의 바이오기업들은 2009년 기준으로 국내 이용하는 해외 유전자원에 대한 ABS 비용으로 13억~60억 원을 추가로 지불해야 했다. 그리고 이 금액은 점차 증가하여 2015년에는 136억~639억 원(우리나라 바이오산업시장의 0.01% 이하)을 추가로 지불해야 할 것으로 예측하였다. 이 금액을 볼 때, 우리나라의 의정서 가입은 국내 바이오기업의 매출액 감소폭에 미미한 수준으로 작용할 것으로 보고 있다. 의정서가 발효하면, 의정서의 가입여부와 관계없이 외국의 유전자원을 이용하는 당사자(국)는 PIC 비용과 당사자(유전자원 제공자와 이용자)들 간의 MAT에 의한 ABS 비용을 지불해야 한다. 이 ABS 비용은 우리나라의 당사자와 상대국의 당사자 간의 사적 자치에 의해 결정될 것이다. 반면에 우리나라는 의정서 가입에 따른 유전자원 제공국으로서의 이점을 얻을 수 있다. 외국 기업의 우리 유전자원 이용에 따른 전통지식을 포함한 로열티 이익과 국내 유전자원을 이용한 라이센싱 수익 발생 등이다. 그 외 의정서의 발효 이후, 유전자원의 접근 및 이익 공유에 관한 소송 또는 특허 취소 소송과 규제 등을 포함하는 다양한 사회 경제적 편익을 고려할 때, 의정서 가입과 미가입에 따라 우리나라 바이오산업에 미치는 경제적인 영향 차이는 크지 않을 것으로 보인다.