• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.12a
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

This paper briefly reviews the history of the Korean geophysics and analyze the current status of geophysical researches. And the future prospects of geophysics are discussed based on social demands for the science and technology in Korea. About thirty universities offer geophysics courses in their academic curricula. Although the number of Ph.D. graduates in geophysics had been small until the year of 1990, but is rapidly increasing. In recent years about $7{\sim}8$ Ph.D's are produced every year. The major geophysical methods used in Ph.D. theses are seismic, electrical and electromagnetic methods, and earthquake waves and research themes are computational geophysics, which involve data processing, modelling, inversion and tomography, geological structures, and paleomagnetic studies in the order of numbers. The Solid Earth Geophysics is generally distinguished in two categories such as "Global Geophysics" and "Exploration Geophysics". However, they are intimately connected, and overlap in many sectors, especially in large scale research projects. The global geophysics has a more academic and general scientific meaning, and several research groups in Korean universities are carrying out the earthquake seismology and paleomagnetic studies. On the other hand the exploration geophysics focuses on practical application of geophysical concepts, and the public research institutes conduct large projects for exploration of energy and mineral resources and to cope with environmental and natural disaster problems. The geophysical studies for local geology and regional crustal structure utilize various survey methods and usually cover both academic and exploration purposes. The computational geophysics constitutes the indispensable theoretical backgrounds for all geophysical sectors. Many young Korean geophysicists, who have strong background in mathematics and physics, devote to the computational geophysics and several groups have made the internationally highest level achievements. But, Korean geophysicists have to expand their research interests to include more global-scale, high-tech researches and collaborative works with various other science groups.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.503-512
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• 2014

The study is based on the serious environmental problems occurring these days to acknowledge the consumers awareness and preference according with the coordination using recycled materials in the dining space. As the result, considered the consumers had lack in recognition of using recycled materials when they tried to use them in their normal daily life. Also the females were far more interested than the males with the usage of the recycled materials inside the restaurant and its interior image along with married persons had more positive attitude towards it than the unmarried ones. With education back ground, highly educated peoples really quite didn't prefer the usage of the recycled materials. According with the income, the high earnings and with the occupation, the professionals with specialized jobs considered the practical use of aspects more important than above. Therefore the needs to educate and promote the consumers to use recycled materials in their every day lives, it is required to build social responsibility and finding the essential meanings to save resources so that they can utilize them with converted recognitions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.4
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• pp.620-629
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to understand the resident' attitudes toward national parks and to identify the residents' perceptions of tourism and the influence of socioeconomic characteristics on their response. In winter of 1997, 153 questionnaires were obtained from a convenience sample of households within Soraksan National Park boundary. The residents perceived both positive and negative environmental and economic impacts of tourism, however, they were reluctant to attribute social costs to tourism. Despite some negative tourism impacts, most of the residents supported additional tourism development and disagreed to limit the number of visitors. Their perceptions of tourism impacts were varied with age, education level, economic dependency on tourism, place of residence, and length of residence.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.2 s.119
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• pp.218-242
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• 2007

This paper is to consider the developmental process of Korean geography on the context of socio-spatial transformations of Korea, and then to suggest briefly its alternative visions. The development of knowledge including geography seems to be made under imperatives of social functions and structure in a given period, and knowledge in turn gives power for a further development of society. Modem geography in Korea has progressed on the context of capitalist development of Korean society which can be divided into two phases, that is, the period of developmentalism and that of neoliberalism. Korean geography has been developed under influence of ideologies of developmentalism and neoliberalism, and in turn has made some contributions to socio-spatial policies. Korean geography in the future, it can be suggested, should go beyond both developmentalism and neoliberalism, and put socio-spatial welfare, civil society or community, and environmental justice into its central issues.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2009

As de-schooling students (students who leave schools) have been produced and increased in middle and high schools every year since 1990s, urban alternative schools have founded with Seoul as the center. The objects of such urban alternative schools are de-schooling teenagers, and their educational goal is to make the students to discover their own values and grow as members of the community by accomplishing their healing and growth. Most of students in alternative schools have excessive self-centered feeling than ordinary people, and since they don't have exchanges with others, they have to receive holistic healing along with education. Here, 'healing' is a method of approaching to health through environmental, psychological, social and cultural supports unlike 'treatment' used for medical means. Therefore, holistic healing for alternative schools' students has to accomplish self-knowledge, self-control, and self-healing without repulsion through spaces of healing environments instead of heavy-handed exchanges. This study has integrated a theory of Max $L{\ddot{u}}scher$ who suggested a psychological healing theory in terms of internal character and a theory of Rudolf Steiner who suggested it in terms of practical and holistic sense and analyzed Sungmisan School, one of urban alternative schools in Seoul through the integrated theory. The analysis of the integrated theory are intended to emphasize the importance of healing environments and suggest methods in creating healing environments for urban alternative schools in the future.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.73-80
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• 2010

Since the Korean War, Korea has experienced modernization. The population increase by baby booming has asked for more space for educational facilities. In such a situation, the purpose of educational facilities was to accommodate continuously increasing students, rather than seeking for quantitative demands. In addition, in accordance with social changes, educational shifts were required. After the revision of the seventh national curriculum in education in 1997, the school buildings became varied. The design of buildings in accordance with educational curriculum has been improved, but still lack of forming comfortable environment and considering energy efficiency in school buildings. For the improvement of educational environments, educational media such as TV and computers have been provided, and energy systems, including heating and cooling systems, has been continuously increased. As a result, it appeared that energy use in school buildings and facilities has been steadily increased and that the structure of energy consumption has been also changed, especially with regard to electricity use. Living in the 21st century, human beings face global environmental issues, such as global warming, geographical climate changes, and ozone destruction that are the consequences of fossil energy use. Therefore, even in industrial areas, considering a counterplan for low energy use is being paid attention. Starting with Kyoto Protocol in 1992, people try to decrease carbon dioxide and to develop alternative energies (i.e. natural energy); for example, solar energy, wind force, terrestrial heat, and water power. Advanced countries already set up a criterion for $CO_2$ decrease ranging from office buildings to residential houses and also propose alternatives for the $CO_2$ decrease. However, there is no such a plan for low energy use and $CO_2$ decrease in school facilities, and any research on the actual conditions was not accomplished. Thus, this study examines energy demand in classrooms that take up a large portion of energy demand in school building structure.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.277-290
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• 2020

Disasters, including earthquakes and landslides, have enormous economic and social losses besides their impact on environmental disruption. Iran, and particularly its Western part, is known as an earthquake susceptible area due to numerous strong ground motions. Studying ecological changes due to climate change can improve the public and expert sector's awareness and response to future disastrous events. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technologies are appropriate tools for modeling and surface deformation modeling. This paper proposes an efficient approach to detect ground deformation changes using Sentinel-1A. The focal point of this research is to map the ground surface deformation modeling is presented using InSAR technology over Sarpol-e Zahab on 25^th November 2018 as a study case. For surface deformation modeling and detection of the ground movement due to earthquake SARPROZ in MATLAB programming language is used and discussed. Results show that there is a general ground movement due to the Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake between -7 millimeter to +18 millimeter in the study area. This research verified previous researches on the advanced image analysis techniques employed for mapping ground movement, where InSAR provides a reliable tool for assisting engineers and the decision-maker in choosing proper policies in a time of disasters. Based on the result, 574 out of 682 damaged buildings and infrastructures due to the 2017 Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake have moved from -2 to +17 mm due to the 2018 earthquake with a magnitude of 6.3 Richter. Results show that mountainous areas have suffered land subsidence, where urban areas had land uplift.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.19-41
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to find the relationship between the infants' mother's parenting stresses and their environmental factors. The participants were 625 employed and 1453 non employed mothers from the Korean children panel in 2008. The collected data were analyzed by t-test and hierarchical regressions. The results are as follows. 1) The infant mothers experienced the medium level of parenting stresses. They reported the high level stresses in the parenting costs, the selecting parenting information, and the responsibility in their child's emotional stability. 2) The non employed mothers perceived more difficulties in the parenting situations than the employed mothers. The employed mothers perceived their environment and their parenting itself in positive way. They were in the good psychological conditions, having a well relationship with the husbands. They also had more knowledge in the child rearing and social supports. 3) The mother's psychological factors showed the high explanation power on their parenting stresses. 4) The father's parenting assistant affected the mother's parenting stresses only in the non employed mother.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-78
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• 2018

Background: To identify work sectors with high risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in Korean men and women. Methods: We analyzed nationwide data to identify ergonomic risk factors in Korean employees. In particular, we analyzed data on exposure to five ergonomic risk factors (painful/tiring postures, lifting/moving heavy materials, standing/walking, repetitive hand/arm movements, and hand/arm vibration) according to employment sector, sex, and age, using the 2014 Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey. We also used workers' compensation data on work-related MSDs in 2010, which is available by sex. Results: The different work sectors had different gender distributions. "Manufacturing" (27.7%) and "construction" (11.3%) were dominated by males, whereas "human health and social work activities" (12.4%), "hotel and restaurants" (11.7%), and "education" (10.4%) were dominated by females. However, "wholesale and retail trade" and "public administration and defense" employed large numbers of males and females. Furthermore, the work sectors with a greater proportion of work-related MSDs and with multiple ergonomic risk factors were different for men and women. For men, "construction" and "manufacturing" had the highest risk for work-related MSDs; for women, "hotel and restaurants" had the highest risk for work-related MSDs. Conclusion: Ergonomic interventions for workers should consider gender and should focus on work sectors with high risk for MSDs, with multiple ergonomic risk factors, and with the largest number of workers.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.339-345
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• 2021

Background: Some researchers state that they are not yet able to provide a deep understanding of the underlying causes of unsafe behaviors (UBs). Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the attitudes and experiences of Iranian workers of UBs. Methods: This present study was conducted in 35 industries using a semistructured interview based on grounded theory. Forty participants were interviewed, including 13 industrial safety and health experts and 27 workers and supervisors. The analysis of the present study consisted of a three-step coding process including open, axial, and selective coding. Results: The results showed that the factors affecting UBs could be classified into three categories: organizational, individual, and socioeconomic factors. Organizational factors were divided into 6 parts: procedure and environmental conditions, communications, monitoring, organizational safety culture, resource allocation, and human resources. Socioeconomic factors had three subcategories: community safety culture, type of organizational ownership, and economic problems. Finally, the individual factors were classified into two categories of personality traits and individual competence. Conclusion: The results showed that organizational factors were the most categorized, and it is estimated that this factor has a more important role in the UBs. Of course, to better understand the close relationship between these factors and find the weight and importance of each factor, it needs to measure it with multicriteria decision systems.