• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.795-802
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• 2007

The fire not to back to its origin(火不歸原) is said that source yang(元陽) of sea of qi(氣海) rises because fire(火) of lower energizer(下焦) can't return to its origin. Successive medical men regarded the cause of it as yang deficiency(陽虛) or yin deficiency(陰虛) generally, but Jangseoksun(張錫純) presented eight kinds of cause, they are syndrome of upcast yang(戴陽證), deficiency of qi(氣虛), yin deficiency, yin and yang deficiency(陰陽虛), thoroughfare qi ascending counterflow(衝氣上衝), heart fire(心火), yang deficiency with cold fluid retention(寒飮) in middle energizer(中焦寒飮), yang deficiency with sunken cold locked in(沈寒錮冷). The method of conducting fire back to its origin may be the treatment of fire not to back to its origin as an interpretation of the phrase in a broad sense, but it is limited to yang deficiency with sunken cold locked in besides syndrome of upcast yang as the treatment based on pathological conditions. By this standpoint Eunsuryong(殷壽龍) used conducting fire back to its origin to remove hidden cold(伏寒) and make rising false fire(假火) settle. The meaning of conducting fire back to its origin is not just raise yang qi(陽氣) but break sunken cold locked in by using the drugs like Buja(附子), Yukgye(肉桂). Jakyak(芍藥) can concentrate yang qi on the life gate(命門) by converging it, Sukjihwang(熟地黃) can supply yin essence(陰精) and check the intense nature of tonifing yang(補陽) drugs. So if we want to use the method of conducting fire back to its origin, we should confirm the symptoms of sunken cold locked in and yang deficiency not to misdiagnose yin deficiency.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.281-293
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• 1995

In order to investigate the effects of the $So{\breve{u}}m$-In $Sipj{\breve{o}}ndaebot^{\prime}ang$ and the Gukbang $Sipj{\breve{o}}ndaebot^{\prime}ang$ on Yang-insufficient syndrome(陽虛)induced by hydrocortisone acetate and cold condition in experiemental animals(Rats), the author experimented with Body temperature, Body weight, Exercise time, cyclic-AMP and Hair conditions. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. In Changes of body Temperature, the soum-In $Sipj{\breve{o}}ndaebot^{\prime}ang$ group rose with statistical significance in comparison to the controlled group, and the Soum-In $Sipj{\breve{o}}ndaebot^{\prime}ang$ treated group rose with statistical singificance in comparison to the Gukbang $Sipj{\breve{o}}ndaebot^{\prime}ang$ treated group. 2. In changes of Body weight, the Soum-In Sipjondaebot'ang treated group and the Gukbang Sipjondabot'ang treatd group had increased with statistical significance in comparison to the controlled group, and the $So{\breve{u}}m$-In $Sipj{\breve{o}}ndaebot^{\prime}ang$ treated group showed an increasing tendency in comparison to the Gukbang $Sipj{\breve{o}}ndaebot^{\prime}ang$treated group. 3. In changes of Exercise time, the $So{\breve{u}}m$-In $Sipj{\breve{o}}ndaebot^{\prime}ang$ treated group and the Gukbang $Sipj{\breve{o}}ndaebot^{\prime}ang$ treated group had increased with statistical significance in comparison to the controlled group and the $So{\breve{u}}m$ $Sipj{\breve{o}}ndaebot^{\prime}ang$ treated group showed an increasing tendency in comparison to the Gukbang $Sipj{\breve{o}}ndaebot^{\prime}ang$ treated group. 4. In changes of plasma cyclic-AMP concentration, the Gukbang $Sipj{\breve{o}}ndaebot^{\prime}ang$ treated group and the $So{\breve{u}}m$ $Sipj{\breve{o}}ndaebot^{\prime}ang$ treated group showed an increased tendency in comparison to the controlled group. 5. In changes hair condition, the $So{\breve{u}}m$ $Sipj{\breve{o}}ndaebot^{\prime}ang$ terated group and the Gukbang $Sipj{\breve{o}}ndaebot^{\prime}ang$ treated group showed a betterment tendency in comparison to the controlled group. From the above findings, thd $So{\breve{u}}m$ $Sipj{\breve{o}}ndaebot^{\prime}ang$ and the Gukbang $Sipj{\breve{o}}ndaebot^{\prime}ang$ groups also had an effect of Yang-insuffient syndrome, moreover, on Body thmperature, Body weight and Exercise time, both showed a singnificant effect.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.175-193
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• 2007

A theory of the school which attach great importance to moxibustion therapy was more developed from 'Ge Hong(葛洪)', 'Wang Tao(王燾)' up to "BianQueXinShu(扁鵲心書)" of 'Dou Cai(竇材)' in Song Dynasty. The first volume of "BianQueXinShu" was described about the principles of health preserving method, diagnosis, treatment related with meridian system, support Yang theory, moxibustion therapy over the 10 chapters and in the continued 3 chapters, explained the symptoms and related moxibustion therapies. The summary is as follows. The Yang energy is the essence of the human body and it is minutely explained in "Hwangdineijing(黃帝內經)". However, the younger scholars after 'Zhang Zhongjing(張仲景)' held different views with "Hwangdineijing" so they didn't control serious diseases. Supporting the Yang energy, it will be possible to human body in good health and long life and perennial youth and longevity. To do like this, the first important thing is a moxibustion, the second is a Taoist hermit medication(丹藥) and the third is well usage of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata. According to the sequence of Yang energy deficiency, the stages of diseases are classified as Ordinary Gi(平氣), Latter deficient state(微虛), The more deficient state(甚虛), Exhausting state(將脫), Exhausted state(已脫) and in the consideration of each stage, it is used gradually with warm-natured berbs, warm-acrid herbs, warm-heated herbs and moxibustion therapy. If it comes to the stage of Exhausted state, the Yang energy is too weak to treat a disease. Therefore it is easy to harm human body with usage the treatment of the Purgationist school theory or the Cold and cool medical school theory, so it is needed a great attention to use these therapies. To summarized the keynote of 'Du Jae''s moxibustion therapy, the one is a minority of selection of points(1$^{\sim}$2 acupuncture points), the second is a majority of moxibustion units(50$^{\sim}$500 units), and the other is a focused selection of points on spleen and kidney(especially Gwanwon, CC4). And in this book, it was explained concretely about the size of moxibustion, according to the experiment with mentioned size, the burning time of moxibustion was almost 4 min 40 sec, so the big size moxibustion was one of the characteristic of moxibustion therapy revealed in this book. Also it was used 'Suseongsan(睡聖散)' - a kind of analgesic herb complexes - to reduce a pain during the usage of moxibustion therapy in this book. To develop the moxibustion theory, it is more investigated in the future that there wasn't significant relation between Gwanwon(CC4) and spleen and kidney meridian in theory, compared to many used Gwanwon(CC4) in the prescription, where as mentioned the importance of spleen and kidney in treatment, that considering the burning time(1 unit - 4 min 40 sec, 12 units an hour, maximum 288 units a day) there were no guidances about meals, sleeping, stool and urine, and that there was no concrete study about the toxicity of 'Suseongsan' as analgesic moxibustion therapy.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1154-1161
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• 2005

Yin Yang theory is the first and the last one to interpret diseases apply to treatment in oriental medicine. So it is regarded as the way of heaven and earth, the discipline of all things, the origin of change, the beginning of giving birth and death, the source of spirit. These regulatory passages are needed to compare with western medical physiology and analyzed whether it has scientific bases or not. The Yin Yang theory of traditional oriental medicine are summerized from the descriptions of Scripture of Documents, Ying Wei theory of Huangdi Neijing. Meanwhile up-to-date neurobiological and molecular genetic theories on circadian physiology are reviewed in western medicine. Sunshine is transferred through RGC to SCN, herein the central circadian rhythm is made by zeitgeber and interaction of melatonin secreted from pineal body and orexin from mp pan of hypothalamus. So HPA axis is activated and controlled under the circadian rhythm and affects peripheral tissues and cells of whole body through glucocorticoid hormones. First of all, the circadian rhythm makes the basic patterns of human life in biological and sociological meaning. It is almost same context with the record of the Scripture of Documents. Also the Ying Qi and Wei Qi is basically same with the sleep-awake mechanism, that is melatonin/orexin signal or per/clk/bmal/cry genes with circadian activation and activity of each organ's physiological function. Conclusively it can be said that Yin Yang is a priori principle of living things and the beginning of giving birth and death for activation of them biologically, as is described in Huangdi Neijing.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.271-279
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• 1998

This study was conducted to compare the serum composition and urinary excretion in four institutional groups and the effects of intakes of good foods and harmful foods according to the Sasang constitiution for a short time on serum and ruine compositon. The contitutions of 33 female stucdents were classified by O-ring test and muscular strength test according to the Sasang constitution, The number of each institutional group was So-yang-in 11, So-em-in 10 and Tae-em-in 12. No subject belonged to Tae-yang-in There were no significant differences among contitutional groups in the values of most serum composition and urinary excretion Serum levels of total cholesterol, glucose, calcium and phosphorus in Tae-em-in was the highest among groups and the level of albumin and total protein in So-em-in was highest. The values of serum compositions changed after the 33 subjects took good foods and then harmful foods according to The Sasang constitution for a short time(5 days). Dietary behavior of the subjects had some effects among the constitutional groups in the values of most serum composition and urinary excretion. But the effects of dietary behavior on the serum composition and urinary excretion showed various trends in the four institutional groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.824-832
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• 2000

In Sasang constitutional medicine, a part of oriental medicine, there are beneficial foods of harmful foods according to the each constitutions. Until now, most of the studies have investigated the classification of foods according to the each constitutions, The clinical usage of the constitutional diets in now in the beginning. The purpose of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of the constitutional diets in comparison with general therapeutic diets in the patients with hyperlipidemia. From January to August, 1999, the 65 hyperlipidemic patients admitted to Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Center were studied. Therapeutic diet for hyperlipidemic patients or each constitutional diets were given to the subjects 3 meals a day for 6 weeks. The Sasang constitutional classification, food habits were assessed. The anthropometric assessment and blood analysis were carried out before and after taking each experimental diets. The results are as folow ; 1) The mean age of the objects was 62.4${\pm}$6.5 years, the distribution of their constitution were Tae-eumin :63.0%, So-yangin :26.2% So-eumin: 10.8%. 2) The mean body weight and BMI of Tae-eum were significantly higher than those of So-eum and So-yang. 3) Food habits of each constitutional groups were very similar to those described by sasang medicine. 4) The therapeutic and constitutional diets lowered the serum levels of total lipid(from 756.4mg/dl to 692.3mg/dl) triglyceride(from 244.4mg/dl to 212.mg/dl) and VLDL-cholesterol(from 48.9mg/dl to 42.5mg/dl). The therapeutic diet decreased the HDL-cholesterol level(from 49.0mg/dl to 41.7mg/dl) but the constitutional diet did not. 5) The effects of the therapeutic and constitutional diets were the highest in Tae-eum group. In the So-yang group, the constitutional diet lowered the levels of total lipid and LDL-cholesterol but the therapeutic diet did not. But the therapeutic and constitutional diets did not change the blood lipid levels significantly in the So-eum group.(Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 824-832, 2000)

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2013

Objectives The goal of the present study was to elucidate the characteristics of behavior problems in Sasang typology with child patients. Methods Subjects consisted of 176 (95 boys, 81 girls) children from 36 months to 83 months were diagnosed by two clinical experts in pediatrics and Sasang medicine. There were 22 So-Yang types, 141 Tae-Eum types, and 13 So-Eum types. The behavior problems were measured with Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used for the analysis. Results There were no significant differences between Sasang types among subject's age (F(2, 173)=.190, p=.827) and sex (${\chi}^2$(2, N=176)=1.639, p=.441) as well as their mother's age (F(2, 169)=.060, p=.942) and education level (${\chi}^2$(4, N=172)=.394, p=.983) and their father's age (F(2, 168)=1.184, p=.309) and education level (${\chi}^2$(4, N=172)=5.664, p=.226). So-Yang types ($50.14{\pm}22.35$; $17.27{\pm}8.60$) had higher scores than Tae-Eum types ($38.74{\pm}21.32$; $12.62{\pm}7.98$) in total problems and internalizing problems score of the CBCL, respectively. More specifically, So-Yang types ($5.90{\pm}2.81$; $3.77{\pm}1.90$) had significantly higher depression/anxiety and somatization subscale score than Tae-Eum types ($4.04{\pm}2.73$; $2.30{\pm}2.12$). Scores of So-Yang types were significantly higher than those of CBCL clinical group in depression/anxiety and somatization subscales. Conclusions There were significant differences between child outpatients with different Sasang types, which would be taken into consideration concerning development of Sasang type diagnosis in addition to parenting, treatment, and prevention for children.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.147-174
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• 2007

"Theory on the Sufficiency of Yang and the Deficiency of Yin(陽有餘陰不足論)" mainly instituted as follows: The 'Yang Qi(陽氣)' of the heaven(天) has changed to 'Qi(氣)', and the 'Yin Qi(陰氣)' of the earth(地) has changed to 'Xue(血)', 'Qi(氣)' is always sufficient and 'Xue(血)' is always deficient. 'The Always Sufficient Qi(氣常有餘)' means 'the fire always exists(常有火)', and 'the fire(火)' is 'the premier fire(相火)'. 'The premier fire(相火)' is always in men's body and causes 'activities(動)' which is the core characteristic in men's life, and in other side it always has opportunities to be made symptoms by 'the abnormal activities of the premier fire(相火妄動)'. In 'the always deficient Xue(血常不足)' , 'Xue(血)' is the 'Yin Qi(陰氣)' of liver and kidneys[肝腎] which is attached by 'the premier fire(相火)', as it means 'Xue(血)' and 'Jing(精)'. He suggested that 'the premier fire(相火)' is the power of human life, but if 'the premier fire(相火)' is not based on 'Yin Qi(陰氣)', it can not fulfill its function. So he thought that the maintenance and fulfillment of 'Yin Qi(陰氣)' is very important. In conclusion, "Theory on the Sufficiency of Yang and the Deficiency of Yin(陽有餘陰不足論)" explains the basic character of men's life which 'Dong Duo Jing Shao(動多靜少)', so 'the premier fire(相火)' which control 'the activities(動)' is always being and 'Jing Xue(精血)' which control 'Jing(靜)' is always scare.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2011년도 제42회 하계학술대회
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• pp.943-944
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• 2011

The position of the rotor in a spherical motor is usually measured by encoders. When using a encoder, It is possible to measure the angle in a very high resolution. However it is limited to measure a single-DOF using one encoder. So it is required to use 3 encoders to measure a 3-DOF. In order to connect the encoder and the motor, an additional mechanic linkages. Because of these reasons, it is difficult to apply it in various systems. Where the friction and inertia is increased when operating the motor. It could cause a negative effect in dynamic characteristic. In this paper present dual-image sensing system capable of measuring 3-DOF motions in real time eliminating the mechanical linkages. In addition we offer methods of converting sensors outputs to rotation angle which is used in the controller.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2004

Sa-Sang, one of the Korean traditional medicines, classifies people's constitution into 4 types, which are referred to as Tae-Yang-In, Tae-Eum-In, So-Yang-In and So-Eum-In. The purpose of this study was to examine demographic and dietary factors and to test any significant differences between Sa-Sang constitution and related factors. The participants were 483 college students and the data of 428 students were finally analyzed. Constitution was determined identically through both the questionnaire on Sa-Sang constitution and an inquiry by a Korean traditional medical doctor. Tae-Eum-In showed statistically significant higher BMI and higher smoking frequency. Tae-Eum-In also had significantly higher intakes in iron, potassium, sodium, vitamin B$_1$, niacin, $\beta$-carotene and vitamin E. So-Eum-In had significantly lower intakes in protein, phosphorous, and folate. From this study, we could expect to get some scientific, objective and accurate diet information on the types of constitution. Considering the fact that most chronic degenerative diseases could be developed by any lifestyle factors, it is necessary to conduct educational programs about lifestyles including the dietary habit for maintaining good health. Therefore, it will be better to continue a long-term follow-up study on any chronic degenerative disease based on the types of Sa-Sang constitution in the future. (Korean J Nutrition 37(2): 153 -161, 2004)